CN106013476B - 一种冷藏库墙体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于由基体墙、聚氨酯泡沫层及真空绝热板组成，其中聚氨酯泡沫不同厚度层都间隔嵌入真空绝热板，且每一厚度层的真空绝热板同样间隔排列；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层厚度为10mm～100mm，其中聚氨酯泡沫层由体积比为1∶(1～1.3)的A料和B料组成；所述的真空绝热板厚度为8mm～25mm；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层A料为异氰酸酯，B料为聚酯多元醇和助剂。该墙体的施工方法，包括以下几个步骤：(1)喷涂聚氨酯泡沫层；(2)真空绝热板间隔铺放，再喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫；(3)重复步骤(1)～(2)得到嵌入真空绝热板的聚氨酯泡沫层墙体。本发明的有益之处是：①隔热效果好；②施工方便；③避免冷藏库墙体缝隙冷凝水结冰破坏墙体结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冷藏库墙体，尤其是涉及一种冷藏库墙体及其施工方法。
背景技术
大型冷库对墙体和地坪的隔热效果要求较高，普通的材料用来作为冷库墙体隔热效果差，在达到相同的隔热效果情况下，各种材料需要的厚度比较如下：普通砖需要860mm、混凝土块需要860mm、软木需要140mm、纤维板需要65mm、轻软木需要50mm、矿物棉需要45mm、聚苯乙烯需要40mm、聚氨酯需要25mm。所以为了达到较好的隔热效果，使用的隔热材料厚度较大，使得冷库耗材量太大，无形中增加了建设成本。所以采用轻型的材料作为大型冷库保温墙体，特别是活动冷库的隔热材料尤为重要。
聚氨酯泡沫材料导热系小，保温效果好，受热不熔，施工方便，可采用喷涂、浇注和板材粘贴等方式，安全可靠，已开始被国外广泛采用。聚氨酯喷涂泡沫是指使用聚氨酯高压喷涂机将聚氨酯双组份原料直接混合喷出，涂布在物体表面上，物料快速发泡膨胀并固化，形成与基体形状一致的聚氨酯硬泡保温层。其有以下主要优点：①对于各种形状的基材，不论是平面、立面还是顶面都可以直接实施喷涂发泡，不需模具；②喷涂发泡成型的保温层无接缝，绝热效果好；③液体原料直接喷涂在物体表面上发泡固化，与基材粘结力好；④固化速度快，生产施工效率高。
真空绝热板(VIP板)，是真空保温材料中的一种，是由填充芯材与真空保护表层复合而成，它有效地避免空气对流引起的热传递，因此导热系数可大幅度降低，小于0.003w/m·k，并且不含有任何ODS材料，具有环保和高效节能的特性，是目前世界上最先进的高效保温材料。
授权公告号为CN201771225 U的中国实用新型专利，提供了具有聚氨酯夹心板墙的冷库，冷库地坪由建筑在地面的水平混凝土层、防水卷材层、二层聚氨酯板材层、钢筋混冷土室内地面层从下至上构成，冷库墙体依次由支撑在钢筋混凝土室内地面层上的垂直钢筋混凝土夹层、聚氨酯不锈钢夹心板层和第二垂直混凝土层构成。它使用聚氨酯板和聚氨酯夹心板为冷库隔热保温，减少了建筑占地面积，节省了建设成本。
申请公告号为CN101525915 A的中国发明专利公开了一种大型冷库墙体结构及其施工方法，所述墙体结构包括内墙板、外墙板、夹在内墙板与外墙板之间的骨架，所述内墙板与外墙板之间填满聚氨酯泡沫塑料。所述冷库墙体的施工方法步骤如下：A.搭建墙体骨架；B. 在骨架外表面安装彩钢板，围成冷库墙体的外墙板；C.利用聚氨酯喷涂材料在外墙板上进行多次逐层喷涂，并在距离内墙板安装处40～80mm位置预留灌注空间；D.以内墙彩钢板为护在该内墙彩钢板处的灌注空间内灌装聚氨酯灌注材料，按照该方法围成冷库墙体的内墙板。本发明墙体结构简单，轻钢结构强度高；墙体施工工艺快捷高效，建设周期仅为土建库的一半。
现有多数都是采用聚氨酯泡沫作为冷库墙体的保温层，虽然解决了墙体保温效果差及墙体厚度大的难题，但是聚氨酯泡沫隔热效果有限，针对这个，研究更轻质方便隔热效果好的的保温墙体势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有冷库墙体保温效果差及其墙体缝隙易出现冷凝水结冰破坏墙体结构现象，提供一种冷藏库墙体及其施工方法。
为实现本发明的目的，所采用的技术方案是：一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于由基体墙、聚氨酯泡沫层及真空绝热板组成，其中聚氨酯泡沫不同厚度层都间隔嵌入真空绝热板，且每一厚度层的真空绝热板同样间隔排列；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层厚度为10mm～100mm，其中聚氨酯泡沫层由体积比为1∶(1～1.3)的A料和B料组成；所述的真空绝热板厚度为8mm～25mm。
所述的聚氨酯泡沫层A料为异氰酸酯，B料为聚酯多元醇和助剂，其中聚酯多元醇由苯二甲酸与乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的至少一种缩聚而成。
所述的助剂包括组分质量占聚酯多元醇组分总质量的百分比分别为8～20％的物理发泡剂、0.5～1.5％的表面活性剂、2～8％的催化剂、12～22％的液体有机阻燃剂、0.5～2％的水。
一种冷藏库墙体的施工方法，其特征在于包括以下几个步骤：
(1)将制备好的A料与B料按体积比1∶(1～1.3)分别装入高压喷涂枪的两个管道处，使用高压喷涂枪将A料与B料混合直接以细小的雾状液滴形式喷出，涂布在基体墙表面上，物料快速发泡膨胀并固化，形成与基体形状一致的聚氨酯泡沫层；
(2)喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫后，取出长20～10cm，宽30～120cm的真空绝热板间隔铺放贴在喷涂的泡沫上，然后再使用高压喷涂枪喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫，通过泡沫膨胀固化使真空绝热板可以粘接在泡沫层中；
(3)重复步骤(1)～(2)，逐层喷涂、铺放真空绝热板直到墙体厚度满足厂商需求，得到嵌入真空绝热板的聚氨酯泡沫层墙体。
本发明的有益效果是：①同时采用隔热保温效果极佳的聚氨酯泡沫和真空绝热板，提高墙体保温效果；②聚氨酯泡沫、真空绝热板轻质，墙体不会厚重，采用喷涂方法，施工方便快捷，节约成本和时间；③直接喷涂在墙体表面发泡固化，与墙体和真空绝热板粘结力好，聚氨酯直接可以填补缝隙，避免了墙体缝隙易出现冷凝水结冰破坏墙体结构的现象。
附图说明
图1是一种冷藏库墙体正视剖面图。
图2是一种冷藏库墙体左视剖面图。
图示中10为基体墙，20为聚氨酯泡沫层，30为真空绝热板。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于由基体墙、聚氨酯泡沫层及真空绝热板组成，其中聚氨酯泡沫不同厚度层都间隔嵌入真空绝热板，且每一厚度层的真空绝热板同样间隔排列；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层厚度为10mm，其中聚氨酯泡沫层由体积比为1∶1的A料和B料组成；所述的真空绝热板厚度为8mm。
所述的聚氨酯泡沫层A料为异氰酸酯，B料为聚酯多元醇和助剂，其中聚酯多元醇由苯二甲酸与乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的至少一种缩聚而成。
所述的助剂包括组分质量占聚酯多元醇组分总质量的百分比分别为8％的物理发泡剂、 0.5％的表面活性剂、2％的催化剂、12％的液体有机阻燃剂、0.5％的水。
一种冷藏库墙体的施工方法，其特征在于包括以下几个步骤：
(1)将制备好的A料与B料按体积比1∶1分别装入高压喷涂枪的两个管道处，使用高压喷涂枪将A料与B料混合直接以细小的雾状液滴形式喷出，涂布在基体墙表面上，物料快速发泡膨胀并固化，形成与基体形状一致的聚氨酯泡沫层；
(2)喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫后，取出长20cm，宽30cm的真空绝热板间隔铺放贴在喷涂的泡沫上，然后再使用高压喷涂枪喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫，通过泡沫膨胀固化使真空绝热板可以粘接在泡沫层中；
(3)重复步骤(1)～(2)，逐层喷涂、铺放真空绝热板直到墙体厚度满足厂商需求，得到嵌入真空绝热板的聚氨酯泡沫层墙体。
该发明施工的墙体，隔热效果好，避免了墙体缝隙易出现冷凝水结冰破坏墙体结构的现象。
实施例2
一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于由基体墙、聚氨酯泡沫层及真空绝热板组成，其中聚氨酯泡沫不同厚度层都间隔嵌入真空绝热板，且每一厚度层的真空绝热板同样间隔排列；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层厚度为100mm，其中聚氨酯泡沫层由体积比为1∶1.3的A料和B料组成；所述的真空绝热板厚度为25mm。
所述的聚氨酯泡沫层A料为异氰酸酯，B料为聚酯多元醇和助剂，其中聚酯多元醇由苯二甲酸与乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的至少一种缩聚而成。
所述的助剂包括组分质量占聚酯多元醇组分总质量的百分比分别为20％的物理发泡剂、 1.5％的表面活性剂、8％的催化剂、22％的液体有机阻燃剂、2％的水。
一种冷藏库墙体的施工方法，其特征在于包括以下几个步骤：
(1)将制备好的A料与B料按体积比1∶1.3分别装入高压喷涂枪的两个管道处，使用高压喷涂枪将A料与B料混合直接以细小的雾状液滴形式喷出，涂布在基体墙表面上，物料快速发泡膨胀并固化，形成与基体形状一致的聚氨酯泡沫层；
(2)喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫后，取出长10cm，宽120cm的真空绝热板间隔铺放贴在喷涂的泡沫上，然后再使用高压喷涂枪喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫，通过泡沫膨胀固化使真空绝热板可以粘接在泡沫层中；
(3)重复步骤(1)～(2)，逐层喷涂、铺放真空绝热板直到墙体厚度满足厂商需求，得到嵌入真空绝热板的聚氨酯泡沫层墙体。
该发明施工的墙体，隔热效果好，避免了墙体缝隙易出现冷凝水结冰破坏墙体结构的现象。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于由基体墙、聚氨酯泡沫层及真空绝热板组成，其中聚氨酯泡沫不同厚度层都间隔嵌入真空绝热板，且每一厚度层的真空绝热板同样间隔排列；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层厚度为10mm～100mm，其中聚氨酯泡沫层由体积比为1∶(1～1.3)的A料和B料组成；所述的真空绝热板厚度为8mm～25mm；所述的聚氨酯泡沫层A料为异氰酸酯，B料为聚酯多元醇和助剂，其中聚酯多元醇由苯二甲酸与乙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的至少一种缩聚而成；所述的助剂包括组分质量占聚酯多元醇组分总质量的百分比分别为8～20％的物理发泡剂、0.5～1.5％的表面活性剂、2～8％的催化剂、12～22％的液体有机阻燃剂、0.5～2％的水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冷藏库墙体，其特征在于其施工方法包括以下几个步骤：
(1)将制备好的A料与B料按体积比1∶(1～1.3)分别装入高压喷涂枪的两个管道处，使用高压喷涂枪将A料与B料混合直接以细小的雾状液滴形式喷出，涂布在基体墙表面上，物料快速发泡膨胀并固化，形成与基体形状一致的聚氨酯泡沫层；
(2)喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫后，取出长20～10cm，宽30～120cm的真空绝热板间隔铺放贴在喷涂的泡沫上，然后再使用高压喷涂枪喷涂一层聚氨酯泡沫，通过泡沫膨胀固化使真空绝热板可以粘接在泡沫层中；
(3)重复步骤(1)～(2)，逐层喷涂、铺放真空绝热板直到墙体厚度满足厂商需求，得到嵌入真空绝热板的聚氨酯泡沫层墙体。
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