CN106010684B - 一种抗冻柴油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗冻柴油及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- JEYWNNAZDLFBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nafoxidine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCC3)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JEYWNNAZDLFBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229950002366 nafoxidine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QYYAEQQRMTZUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethial Chemical class CCCC=S QYYAEQQRMTZUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- CQSQMXIROIYTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanethial Chemical class CC(C)C=S CQSQMXIROIYTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 9
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001241 acetals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010643 fennel seed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种抗冻柴油及其制备方法，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油65‑75份、脂肪酸甲酯28‑35份、甲缩醛5‑10份、稳定剂0.05‑0.11份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3‑甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3‑甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为1:3:2。本发明特别添加稳定剂，该稳定剂可以有效提高抗冻柴油的抗冻性能，降低所制得的抗冻柴油的凝固点。此外，还可有效降低抗冻柴油低温下的运动粘度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动力设备用的燃料技术领域，具体涉及一种抗冻柴油及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着世界经济的发展，对于燃料的需求与日俱增，传统的柴油、汽油、天然气等资源越加匮乏。据世界石油峰会统计数据，世界石油可商业用途开采 32 年，所以开发新型高清洁替代替现有能源成为未来能源领域发展的主要方向 ；对于再生能源的开发利用已经提高到了前所未有的高度，提高能源利用率、降低污染排放、降低使用成本等是下一步研发的重要课题 ；采用地沟油或动物植物脂肪制作脂肪酸甲酯调和柴油，已经被全世界所采用，但现有脂肪酸甲酯调和燃料脂肪酸甲酯含量过高时使用存储温度达不到 -10℃以下、10℃下时粘度过高等诸多弊端。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种凝固温度低、低温下粘度低的抗冻柴油。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：一种抗冻柴油，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 65-75份、脂肪酸甲酯 28-35份、甲缩醛5-10份、稳定剂0.05-0.11份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。
所述柴油、脂肪酸甲酯、甲缩醛均可选用任意一种现有技术实现。本发明特别添加稳定剂，包含双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯的该稳定剂可以有效提高抗冻柴油的抗冻性能，降低所制得的抗冻柴油的凝固点。此外，经过验证，上述稳定剂中的双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛还可有效降低抗冻柴油低温下的运动粘度。除上述成分以外，本发明还可以包括必要的现有技术添加剂，如清洁剂、有利于乳化体系形成的表面活性剂等。
所述双乙酰常温下为浅黄色至黄绿色液体有苯醌气味，稀溶液有奶油气味，存在于茴香油和奶油中。溶于水，能与乙醇、乙醚混溶，可选用现有技术实现。3-甲硫基丙醛由丙烯醛与甲硫醇经加成反应而得，又名乙位甲基巯基丙醛，为现有技术。四氢吡咯为市售产品。
本发明还提供一种所述的抗冻柴油制备方法，包括如下工序：将柴油升温至60-80℃，依次加入所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，在压力1-1.5MPa的密封容器中升温至90℃并保持30min；将密封容器的温度降至5-10℃后解除其密封状态，加入所述脂肪酸甲酯、甲缩醛形成混合液，同时投入体积为混合液30%的直径在0.5-2cm的玻璃珠后，进行超声波震荡处理。
高压环境有利于稳定剂的各个组分与柴油重复结合，而采用加入玻璃珠的超声波震荡有利于促进各个组分形成温度的乳化体系，不容易分层。
进一步的，所述超声波震荡处理中超声频率为 50kHz～80kHz，超声功率 50w，处理时间 30～45 分钟。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油70份、脂肪酸甲酯 29份、甲缩醛7份、稳定剂0.09份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 65份、脂肪酸甲酯 30份、甲缩醛9份、稳定剂0.10份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。本实施例还添加了EDTA二钠促进体系的混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 65-75份、脂肪酸甲酯28-35份、甲缩醛5-10份、稳定剂0.05-0.11份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。本实施例还添加了EDTA二钠促进体系的混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
实施例4
一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 74份、脂肪酸甲酯 32份、甲缩醛7份、稳定剂0.8份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。本实施例还添加有括硅油和丙三醇，以促进各成分混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，其成分与实施例1一致。
本实施例还提供上述抗冻柴油制备方法，包括如下工序：将柴油升温至60-80℃，依次加入所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，在压力1-1.5MPa的密封容器中升温至90℃并保持30min；将密封容器的温度降至5-10℃后解除其密封状态，加入所述脂肪酸甲酯、甲缩醛形成混合液，同时投入体积为混合液30%的直径在0.5-2cm的玻璃珠后，进行超声波震荡处理。
进一步的，所述超声波震荡处理中超声频率为 70kHz，超声功率 50w，处理时间40分钟。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，其成分与实施例1一致。
本实施例还提供上述抗冻柴油制备方法，包括如下工序：将柴油升温至60-80℃，依次加入所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，在压力1-1.5MPa的密封容器中升温至90℃并保持30min；将密封容器的温度降至5-10℃后解除其密封状态，加入所述脂肪酸甲酯、甲缩醛形成混合液，同时投入体积为混合液30%的直径在0.5-2cm的玻璃珠后，进行超声波震荡处理。
进一步的，所述超声波震荡处理中超声频率为80kHz，超声功率50w，处理时间 30分钟。
对比例1
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 70份、脂肪酸甲酯 30份、甲缩醛6份、稳定剂0.08份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:2。本实施例还添加有括硅油和丙三醇，以促进各成分混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
对比例2
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 70份、脂肪酸甲酯 30份、甲缩醛6份、稳定剂0.08份；所述稳定剂包括3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 3:2。本实施例还添加有括硅油和丙三醇，以促进各成分混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
对比例3
本实施例提供一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组份：柴油 70份、脂肪酸甲酯 30份、甲缩醛6份、稳定剂0.08份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛质量比为 1:3。本实施例还添加有括硅油和丙三醇，以促进各成分混合。本实施例采用现有的机械搅拌混合而成。
挥发度测试。
将实施例 1—3 、对比例1-3的抗冻柴油吸取 5ml，滴加在半径为 3cm 的蒸发皿中，在60℃、相对湿度为 50%、一个标准大气压下静置。微乳化柴油完全挥发所需要的时间分别为 335秒、355秒、360 秒、441秒、430秒、450秒。
运动粘度、闪点测试。
采用 GB/T265-1988 和 GB/T261-2008 测试实施例和对比例的 10℃时的运动粘度、闪点。其结果如表 1。
表1.
| 实验组 | 运动粘度mm2/S | 闪点℃ | 凝点℃ | 灰分wt% |
| 实施例1 | 3.2 | 65 | -11 | 0.01 |
| 实施例2 | 3.1 | 69 | -2 | 0.01 |
| 实施例3 | 3.5 | 68 | -5 | 0.01 |
| 实施例5 | 3.2 | 66 | -6 | 0.01 |
| 实施例6 | 3.3 | 67 | -3 | 0.01 |
| 对比例1 | 7.1 | 71 | -1 | 0.03 |
| 对比例2 | 7.5 | 75 | 0 | 0.05 |
| 对比例3 | 4.3 | 70 | -2 | 0.02 |
Claims (1)
1.一种抗冻柴油，包括以下重量份的组分 ：柴油70份、脂肪酸甲酯 29份、甲缩醛7份、稳定剂0.09份；所述稳定剂包括双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯，所述双乙酰、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯质量比为 1:3:2。
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