CN106008138A - 一种有机电致发光材料、应用及发光器件 - Google Patents

一种有机电致发光材料、应用及发光器件 Download PDF

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CN106008138A
CN106008138A CN201610345304.0A CN201610345304A CN106008138A CN 106008138 A CN106008138 A CN 106008138A CN 201610345304 A CN201610345304 A CN 201610345304A CN 106008138 A CN106008138 A CN 106008138A
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高树坤
盛磊
张鑫鑫
王正
周洪玉
于大伟
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Valiant Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有机电致发光材料、应用及发光器件,其中的有机电致发光材料由下式(I)所示,其中,R1、R2为烷基、芳香族取代基、含氮杂环取代基或含氧杂环取代基中的任意一种,且R1与R2相同。该有机电致发光材料是以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物,具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙;该类材料可作为小分子有机电致发光器件的功能层,应用在有机电致发光领域中,通过器件结构优化,可显著提升有机电致发光器件的光电性能及其寿命。

Description

一种有机电致发光材料、应用及发光器件
技术领域
本发明涉及有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种有机电致发光材料、应用及发光器件。
背景技术
Pope等人于1965年首次发现了单晶蒽的电致发光性质,这是有机化合物的首例电致发光现象;而柯达公司的Tang等人于1987年第一次制备了一种三明治型有机双层薄膜电致发光器件(专利号US4356429),该器件原创性地构建了一种包含空穴传输层和电子传输层的双层结构,大大地降低了驱动电压,提高了载流子的复合效率,使得器件的外量子效率提高到1%,功率效率达到1.5lm/W,在小于10V的电压下亮度可达到1000cd/m2。经过多年的不断发展,有机电致发光器件既可以用来制造新型显示产品,也可以用于制作新型照明产品,有望取代现有液晶显示与荧光灯照明。
目前,基于OLED显示技术的商品,已经实现产业化。与液晶类显示技术相比,OLED显示技术具有自发光、无辐射、质量轻、厚度薄、广视角、宽色域、颜色稳定、响应速度快、环境适应强、可实现柔性显示等诸多优点,因此,OLED显示技术正在获得人们越来越多的关注和相应的技术投入。
应用于OLED器件的有机电致发光材料从用途上可划分为两大类:电荷注入传输材料、发光材料。进一步,还可以将电荷注入传输材料分为电子注入传输材料、电子阻挡材料、空穴注入传输材料、空穴阻挡材料;还可以将发光材料分为主体发光材料、掺杂材料。
为了突破荧光材料内量子效率25%的理论极限,近年来磷光材料与热活 化延迟荧光材料的开发成为了OLED领域的热点,但蓝色磷光材料的色纯度差、成本高昂;深蓝光热活化延迟荧光材料色纯度差、易发生效率滚降,所以传统的深蓝光荧光材料在制备白光有机发光器件中仍然扮演着重要的角色。
早在1937年,来自伦敦的两位从事癌症研究的学者W.V.Mayneord与E.M.F.Roe,发表了一篇关于复杂芳香烃基化合物的紫外吸收光谱特征的论文,该论文进行了多种芳香化合物的紫外吸收光谱数据的测试与对比,其中介绍了一种化合物——9,9,10,10-四甲基-9,10-二氢二苯并蒽,它具有与萘环相似的紫外吸收特征,但二者分子结构差异显著,文章相应具体数据如图2所示。
根据上图的数据,可以推测,9,9,10,10-四甲基-9,10-二氢二苯并蒽中心环9,10位同时达到饱和状态,削弱或阻隔了左右两部分的分子共轭,导致其表现出类似与单独的萘环部分的光谱吸收特征。但是这个结构与萘环又显著不同,具有更好的空间立体结构,具有OLED领域应用的前景。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙的有机电致发光材料。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种有机电致发光材料,其由下式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R1、R2为烷基、芳香族取代基、含氮杂环取代基或含氧杂环取代基中的任意一种,且R1、R2相同。
本发明的有益效果是:以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物,具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙;该类材料可作为小分子有机电致发光器件的功能层,应用在有机电致发光领域中,通过器件结构优化,可显著提升有机电致发光器件的光电性能及其寿命。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述R1、R2选自以下基团中的任意一种:碳原子数为1~30的直链或支链烷烃、
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:得到了更合适的分子大小、非平面的空间立体结构以及合适的分子能级分布。
进一步,所述式(Ⅰ)所示的化合物,具体为下述C01-C36中的任意一种:
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是:经过分子模拟计算HOMO与LUMO能级与后期器件评价试验,获得更为步优选的化合物。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光材料的应用,上述任一项所述的有机电致发光材料作为有机电致发光器件中的至少一个功能层,用于制备所述有机电致发光器件。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,其包括阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层及阴极;其中,在所述阳极上依次叠置有所述空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极;其中,所述发光层含有上述任一项所述的有机电致发光材料。
本发明的有益效果:以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物材料,具有合适的分子共轭长度、高度的非平面结构特点,以及适当的分子质量(分子 量可达400~900),使其具有良好的薄膜稳定性(不易结晶)、适合的分子能级(可搭配现有各功能层材料),该类材料非常适合作为小分子OLED器件的发光层,应用于有机电致发光领域中,以该类材料作为发光层,制作的OLED器件,器件的最大亮度3290-5670cd/m2,最大电流效率1.1-2.3cd/A,器件效率良好,这说明该类材料具有较好的发光性能,具有商业化潜力和进一步开发的前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例三提供的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图;
图2为9,9,10,10-四甲基-9,10-二氢二苯并蒽和萘的紫外吸收谱图。
附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:
1-阳极,2-空穴注入层,3-空穴传输层,4-发光层,5-电子传输层,6-电子注入层,7-阴极。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
本实施例提供了一种有机电致发光材料,其由下式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,R1、R2为烷基、芳香族取代基、含氮杂环取代基或含氧杂环取代基中的任意一种,且R1、R2相同。
为了得到更合适的分子大小、非平面的空间立体结构以及合适的分子能级分布,所述R1、R2进一步优选自以下基团中的任意一种:
碳原子数为1~30的直链或支链烷烃、
经过分子模拟计算HOMO与LUMO能级与后期器件评价试验,式(Ⅰ)所示的化合物,具体为下述C01-C36中的任意一种:
本实施例提供的四甲基二苯并蒽有机电致发光材料,其是以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物,具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙;且该材料合适的分子共轭长度、高度的非平面结构特点,以及适当的分子质量(分子量可达400~900),使其具有良好的薄膜稳定性(不易结晶)、适合的分子能级(可搭配现有各功能层材料),该类材料非常适合作为小分子OLED器件的发光层,应用于有机电致发光领域中,制作的OLED器件,器件的最大亮度3290-5670cd/m2,最大电流效率1.1-2.3cd/A,器件效率良好,这说明该类材料具有较好的发光性能,通过器件结构优化,可显著提升有机电致发光器件的光电性能及其寿命,具有商业化潜力和进一步开发的前景。
实施例二
本实施例提供了实施例一给出的C01-C36中的其中部分化合物的制备方法。
实施方式1,化合物C03的制备
在250mL三口瓶中,加入化合物7(4.24g,0.01mol),5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯(6.80g,0.022mol),碳酸钾(6.07g,0.044mol),甲苯(150g),乙醇(50g),去离子水(65g),氮气保护下,加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.116g),Xantphos(0.116g),升温至回流,保温反应12h,降温至40℃,分液,有机相用150g水水洗一次,分液,有机相经过40g无水硫酸镁干燥后,快速过15cm厚的硅胶柱,过柱液脱溶剂得淡黄色固体粗品,粗品过硅 胶柱,石油醚淋洗,收集含单一产物成分的过柱液,脱溶后石油醚打浆2次,抽滤,收集滤饼,得到化合物C03,类白色固体6.10g,收率76.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H48,理论值792.3756,测试值792.3514。元素分析(C62H4848),理论值C:93.90,H:6.10,实测值C:93.92,H:6.08。
其中,化合物7的制备为:
化合物7的制备:在配备有恒压滴液漏斗的1L三口瓶中,氮气保护下,加入化合物6(49.4g,0.1mol),干燥的THF(600ml),冷却体系至-75℃,此时缓慢滴加正丁基锂(88ml,0.22mol)溶液,1h滴加完毕,-75℃保温反应1h,向瓶内缓慢滴加硼酸三甲酯(36.4g,0.35mol),-75℃保温反应2h,自然升至室温后,反应液滴加入200ml质量分数10%盐酸淬灭反应,分液并脱溶剂,析出白色固体,使用200g甲苯室温打浆粗品,重复3次,得到化合物7,白色固体粉末31.8g,收率75.1%。
其中,化合物6的制备为:
其中,化合物1的制备:在盛有镁屑(4.8g,0.2mol)的1L三口瓶中,氮气保护下、浴温60℃烘干20min,加入1-溴萘(41.4g,0.2mol)的THF(350g)溶液,先少量加入引发反应后,剩余溶液缓慢滴入,加毕60℃保温反应2h,降温至-30℃,再缓慢滴加1,2-萘二酸酐(39.6g,0.2mol)的THF(150g)溶液,滴毕室温保温6h,反应液加入到300ml,5%质量分数的稀盐酸,补加600g二氯甲烷,分液,无水硫酸镁干燥有机层,并脱溶剂,所得棕黄色固体使用300g甲苯回流打浆纯化3次,室温抽滤并干燥得到化合物1,淡黄色固体46.5g,收率71.3%,MS(m/z):326.1。
其中,化合物2的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,氮气保护下,加入化合物1(32.6g,0.1mol),98%浓硫酸(200g,2mol),缓慢加热至内温160~170℃,保温反应10h,体系自然降至室温搅拌1h,抽滤,滤饼100ml水洗2次后,200g甲苯回流打浆纯化3次,室温抽滤并干燥得到化合物2,浅黄色固体14.5g,收率47.1%,MS(m/z):308.1。
其中,化合物3的制备:在配备有恒压滴液漏斗的1L三口瓶中,氮气保护下,加入化合物2(30.8g,0.1mol),干燥的THF(700ml),冷却体系至-45℃,此时缓慢滴加甲基锂(73ml,0.22mol)的乙醚溶液(浓度3mol/L),1h滴加完毕,后室温保温反应4h,反应液滴加入50ml饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,分液并脱溶剂,所得棕黄色固体使用100g冰醋酸热打浆,重复一次,得到化合物3,浅黄色固体26.3g,收率77.2%,MS(m/z):340.1。
其中,化合物4的制备:在1L三口瓶中,加入化合物3(34.0g,0.1mol),甲苯(600g),氮气保护下,升温至70~80℃,通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加乙酰氯(23.6g,0.3mol),加毕回流反应8h,原料反应完全后,加入200g 水淬灭反应,趁热分液,有机层脱溶后所得棕黄色粗产品,使用甲苯/石油醚重结晶,得浅黄色固体,抽滤并干燥,按照上述重结晶操作重复1次,得到化合物4,类白色固体23.3g,收率61.8%,MS(m/z):376.1。
其中,化合物5的制备:在配备有恒压滴液漏斗的1L三口瓶中,氮气保护下,加入化合物4(37.7g,0.1mol),干燥的THF(700ml),冷却体系至-45℃,此时缓慢滴加甲基锂(83ml,0.25mol)的乙醚溶液(浓度3mol/L),1h滴加完毕,后室温保温反应6h,反应液滴加入50ml饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,分液并脱溶剂,所得棕黄色固体使用100g甲苯热打浆,重复3次,得到化合物5,浅黄色固体17.2g,收率51.2%,MS(m/z):336.2。
其中,化合物6的制备:在500ml三口瓶中,加入化合物5(33.6g,0.1mol),DMF(320ml),氮气保护下,升温至35℃,缓慢滴加NBS(38.9g,0.22mol)的DMF(150ml)溶液,加毕,保持35℃反应10h,原料反应完全后,将反分液缓慢倒入盛有2L水的大烧杯中,快速搅拌分散所析出的固体,抽滤后得到淡黄色固体,再用甲苯/甲醇混合溶剂进行重结晶3次,得到化合物6,淡黄色固体35.8g,收率72.4%,MS(m/z):494.0。
实施方式2,化合物C05的制备
化合物C05的制备:使用1-(4-溴苯基)萘代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C05,类白色固体5.05g,收率68.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H44,理论值740.3443,测试值740.3533。元素分析(C58H44),理论值C:94.01,H:5.99,实测值C: 94.02,H:5.98。
实施方式3,化合物C06的制备
化合物C06的制备:使用1-溴-4-苯基萘代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C06,类白色固体5.22g,收率70.4%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H44,理论值740.3443,测试值740.3522。元素分析(C58H44),理论值C:94.01,H:5.99,实测值C:94.02,H:5.98。
实施方式4,化合物C09的制备
化合物C09的制备:使用9-(4-溴苯基)菲代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C09,类白色固体6.10g,收率72.5%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C66H48,理论值840.3756,测试值840.3716。元素分析(C66H48),理论值C:94.25,H:5.75,实测值C:94.24,H:5.76。
实施方式5,化合物C10的制备
化合物C10的制备:使用1-溴芘代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C10,类白色固体5.25g,收率71.3%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H40,理论值736.3130,测试值736.3315。元素分析(C58H40),理论值C:94.53,H:5.47,实测值C:94.50,H:5.50。
实施方式6,化合物C13的制备
化合物C13的制备:使用3-(6-溴萘-2-基)吡啶代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C13,类白色固体4.28g,收率57.6%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C56H42N2,理论值742.3348,测试值742.3615。元素分析(C56H42N2),理论值C:90.53,H:5.70,N:3.77,实测值C:90.51,H:5.69,N:3.80。
实施方式7,化合物C15的制备
化合物C15的制备:使用4-溴-6-苯基二苯并呋喃代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C15,类白色固体6.04g,收率73.6%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H44O2,理论值820.3341,测试值820.3316。元素分析(C62H44O2),理论值C:90.70,H:5.40,O:3.90,实测值C:90.70,H:5.38,O:3.92。
实施方式8,化合物C18的制备
化合物C18的制备:使用4-溴-N,N-二苯基苯胺代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C18,类白色固体5.08g,收率61.7%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H50N2,理论值822.3974,测试值822.3899。元素分析(C62H50N2),理论值C:90.47,H:6.13,N:3.40,实测值C:90.45,H:6.14,N:3.41。
实施方式9,化合物C20的制备
化合物C20的制备:使用2-溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C20,类白色固体6.33g,收率77.3%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H46N2,理论值818.3661,测试值818.3587。元素分析(C62H46N2),理论值C:90.92,H:5.66,N:3.42,实测值C:90.90,H:5.66,N:3.44。
实施方式10,化合物C21的制备
化合物C21的制备:在500mL三口瓶中,加入化合物6(4.94g,0.01mol),7H-苯并咔唑(4.35g,0.02mol),二甲苯(200g),氮气保护下,加入叔丁醇钠(2.88g,0.015mol),醋酸钯(0.05g),Xantphos(0.30g),升温,120℃保温反应10h,降温至40℃,反应液水洗,分液,无水硫酸镁干燥,并脱溶剂,所得棕黄色固体使用20g/g甲苯热溶,趁热通过15cm厚的硅胶柱(热甲苯淋洗),收集过柱液并脱溶剂,甲苯打浆3次,得到化合物C21,类白色固体4.86g,收率63.4%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H42N2,理论值766.3348, 测试值766.3412。元素分析(C58H42N2),理论值C:90.83,H:5.52,N:3.65,实测值C:90.82,H:5.51,N:3.67。
实施方式11,化合物C22的制备
化合物C22的制备:使用5H-苯并咔唑代替7H-苯并咔唑作为原料,按照实施方式10所述方法(化合物C21的制备),投入0.01mol化合物6,得到化合物C22,类白色固体4.72g,收率61.5%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H42N2,理论值766.3348,测试值766.3267。元素分析(C58H42N2),理论值C:90.83,H:5.52,N:3.65,实测值C:90.82,H:5.53,N:3.65。
实施方式12,化合物C24的制备
化合物C24的制备:使用7H-苯并吩恶嗪代替7H-苯并咔唑作为原料,按照实施方式10所述方法(化合物C21的制备),投入0.01mol化合物6,得到化合物C24,类白色固体5.23g,收率65.4%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H42N2O2,理论值798.3246,测试值798.3209。元素分析(C58H42N2O2),理论值C:87.19,H:5.29,N:3.51,O:4.01,实测值C:87.17,H:5.30,N:3.50,O:4.03。
实施方式13,化合物C25的制备
化合物C25的制备:使用5H-苯并呋喃[3,2-c]咔唑代替7H-苯并咔唑作为原料,按照实施方式10所述方法(化合物C21的制备),投入0.01mol化合物6,得到化合物C25,类白色固体5.69g,收率67.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H42N2O2,理论值846.3246,测试值846.2756。元素分析(C62H42N2O2),理论值C:87.92,H:4.99,N:3.31,O:3.78,实测值C:87.89,H:4.97,N:3.34,O:3.80。
实施方式14,化合物C26的制备
化合物C26的制备:使用3-溴-5-苯基-5H-苯并咔唑代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C26,类白色固体7.48g,收率81.4%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C70H50N2,理论值918.3974,测试值918.3805。元素分析(C70H50N2),理论值C:91.47,H:5.48,N:3.05,实测值C:91.44,H:5.49,N:3.07。
实施方式15,化合物C27的制备
化合物C27的制备:使用10-(4溴苯基)-10H-吩恶嗪代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C27,类白色固体6.38g,收率75.0%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C62H46N2O2,理论值850.3559,测试值850.3472。元素分析(C62H46N2O2),理论值C:87.50,H:5.45,N:3.29,O:3.76,实测值C:87.52,H:5.46,N:3.28,O:3.74。
实施方式16,化合物C28的制备
化合物C28的制备:使用11,11-二甲基-11,13-二氢吲哚[2,1-b]吩恶嗪代替7H-苯并咔唑作为原料,按照实施方式10所述方法(化合物C21的制备),投入0.01mol化合物6,得到化合物C28,类白色固体6.10g,收率65.5%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C68H54N2O2,理论值930.4185,测试值930.4123。元素分析(C68H54N2O2),理论值C:87.71,H:5.84,N:3.01,O:3.44,实测值C:87.72,H:5.86,N:3.00,O:3.42。
实施方式17,化合物C30的制备
化合物C30的制备:使用9,9-二甲基-9,10-二氢吖啶代替7H-苯并咔唑作为原料,按照实施方式10所述方法(化合物C21的制备),投入0.01mol化合物6,得到化合物C30,类白色固体4.65g,收率61.9%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C56H50N2,理论值750.3974,测试值750.3469。元素分析(C56H50N2),理论值C:89.56,H:6.71,N:3.73,实测值C:89.54,H:6.72,N:3.74。
实施方式18,化合物C32的制备
化合物C32的制备:使用5-(4-溴苯基)-5H-二苯并[b,f]氮杂苲代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C32,类白色固体6.15g,收率70.6%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C66H50N2,理论值870.3974,测试值870.3816。元素分析(C66H50N2),理论值C:91.00,H:5.78,N:3.22,实测值C:91.02,H:5.79,N:3.19。
实施方式19,化合物C34的制备
化合物C34的制备:使用2-(4-溴苯基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C34,类白色固体5.78g,收率66.2%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C64H48N4,理论值872.3879,测试值872.3671。元素分析(C64H48N4),理论值C:88.04,H:5.54,N:6.42,实测值C:88.06,H:5.53,N:6.41。
实施方式20,化合物C36的制备
化合物C36的制备:使用2-溴-4,6-二苯基嘧啶代替5'-溴-1,1':3',1”-三联苯作为原料,按照实施方式1所述方法(化合物C03的制备),投入0.01mol化合物7,得到化合物C36,类白色固体5.78g,收率52.8%。
高分辨质谱,ESI源,正离子模式,分子式C58H44N4,理论值796.3566,测试值796.4014。元素分析(C58H44N4),理论值C:87.41,H:5.56,N:7.03,实测值C:87.40,H:5.55,N:7.05。
通过本实施例提供的制备方法获得的化合物材料具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙;该类材料可作为小分子有机电致发光器件的功能层,应用在有机电致发光领域中,通过器件结构优化,可显著提升有机电致发光器件的光电性能及其寿命。
实施例三
本实施例提供了一种实施例一所述的有机电致发光材料作为有机电致发光器件中的至少一个功能层的应用。
本实施例还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,其选取化合物C05、化合物C09、化合物C10、化合物C13、化合物C20、化合物C21、化合物C24、化合物C25、化合物C26、化合物C28、化合物C32、化合物C34作为发光层材料,制作有机电致发光器件。
器件实施例1,本实施例按照下述方法制备有机电致发光器件一:
a)清洗ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃:分别用去离子水、丙酮、乙醇超声清洗ITO玻璃各25分钟,然后在等离子体清洗器中处理5分钟;
b)在阳极1的ITO玻璃衬底上,真空蒸镀空穴注入层HAT-CN,厚度为10nm;
c)在空穴注入层2上,真空蒸镀空穴传输层NPB,厚度为40nm;
d)在空穴传输层之3上,真空蒸镀发光层的化合物C05,厚度为30nm;
e)在发光层4之上,真空蒸镀作为电子传输层的TPBI,厚度为30nm;
f)在电子传输层5之上,真空蒸镀电子注入层LiF,厚度为1nm;
g)在电子注入层之6上,真空蒸镀阴极层Al,厚度为100nm。
其中的穴注入层HAT-CN、空穴传输层NPB、电子传输层TPBI具体结构如下:
本发明中,器件的功能层并不限于使用上述材料,这些材料可以用其它材料代替,以期待进一步改善器件性能,如空穴传输层可以用TAPC等代替,电子传输层可以用TpPYPB等代替,这些材料的分子结构式如下:
器件一的结构为ITO/HAT-CN 10nm)/NPB(40nm)/化合物05(30nm)/TPBI(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/A1(100nm),真空蒸镀过程中,压力<1.0×10-3Pa,器件一的启亮电压、最大电流效率、色纯度等光电数据如表1所示。
器件实施例2,器件二至器件十二的制备
分别以化合物C09、化合物C10、化合物C13、化合物C20、化合物C21、化合物C24、化合物C25、化合物C26、化合物C28、化合物C32、化合物C34代替化合物C05,按照实施方式1中器件一的制备方法,制作有机电致发光器件二至器件十二。器件二至器件十二的结构,分别为ITO/HAT-CN(10nm)/NPB(40nm)/化合物09~化合物34(30nm)/TPBI(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/A1(100nm),器件二至器件十二的启亮电压、最大电流效率、色纯度等光电数据如表1所示。
表1器件一至器件十二的光电数据表
本实施例提供有机电致发光器件,其是以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物作为发光层进行制备的,由于以四甲基二苯并蒽为骨架结构的化合物具有较高的玻璃化温度、较高的分子热稳定性、合适的HOMO能级与LUMO能级、较高的能隙,且其具有良好的薄膜稳定性(不易结晶)、适合的分子能级(可搭配现有各功能层材料)。因此,采用该种材料制作的OLED器件,器件的最大亮度3290-5670cd/m2,最大电流效率1.1-2.3cd/A,器件效率良好,这说明该类材料具有较好的发光性能,通过器件结构优化,可显著提升有机电致发光器件的光电性能及其寿命,具有商业化潜力和进一步开发的前景。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,由下式(I)所示:
其中,R1、R2为烷基、芳香族取代基、含氮杂环取代基或含氧杂环取代基中的任意一种,且R1与R2相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述R1、R2选自以下基团中的任意一种:
碳原子数为1~30的直链或支链烷烃、
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述式(I)所示的化合物,具体为下述C01-C36中的任意一种:
4.一种权利要求1至3任一项所述的有机电致发光材料作为有机电致发光器件中的至少一个功能层的应用。
5.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,包括阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层及阴极;其中,在所述阳极上依次叠置有所述空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极;其中,所述发光层含有上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的有机电致发光材料。
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