CN106007382B - 用于种植牙的孔隙率较小的玻璃陶瓷 - Google Patents

用于种植牙的孔隙率较小的玻璃陶瓷 Download PDF

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CN106007382B
CN106007382B CN201610352624.9A CN201610352624A CN106007382B CN 106007382 B CN106007382 B CN 106007382B CN 201610352624 A CN201610352624 A CN 201610352624A CN 106007382 B CN106007382 B CN 106007382B
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于种植牙的孔隙率较小的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅50~70份、氧化镁20~70份、磷酸氢钙30~40份、五氧化二磷20~30份、碳化硅15~25份、锌10~20份、聚四氟乙烯12~20份、乙基纤维素30~40份。制备方法：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1300~1400℃，反应2~3h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。本发明先成型制成粉末，然后再制备成玻璃陶瓷，可以防止直接成型为大块玻璃而开裂，提高产品质量；而且按照本发明的方法制备得到的产品孔隙率小，紧密无开裂。

Description

用于种植牙的孔隙率较小的玻璃陶瓷
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药材料领域，尤其涉及一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国生物医用材料的研究虽然取得一些令人瞩目的成果，但整体水平不高，跟踪研究多，源头创新少。在产业化方面，生物医用材料及其制品占世界市场的份额不足2％，主要依靠进口，产品技术结构和水平基本上处于初级阶段。
生物降解陶瓷指该植入体在植入到人体组织后不引起任何不良的组织反应的情况下逐步溶解，并且被新生的组织所取代。现在I临床应用的生物降解陶瓷主要包括：羟基磷灰石和β一磷酸钙一般是作为金属植入体的薄膜或者是多孔材料。由于它主要成分和人骨的无机质相近，故有人称它为“人工骨”。它在植入到人体后通过人体的新陈代谢逐渐被新生成的组织代替，作为多孔材料时，一般材料的孔隙度为60～70％，而且对材料的微观孔隙有一定的要求，一般要求孔隙主100岫，而且孔隙间相互连通。这种多孔性对组织的生长是很有利的，骨的矿化组织与纤维结缔组织可进入和填充到材料的孔隙中而将其固定，这对生理性的永久修复是必不可少的。但是该材料的强度低而且脆，因此使用时不适合于支重部位，因为这些部位的弯曲力、扭转应力传递到植入体后会导致植入体的断裂。因此常被用于牙根和应力不太大的部位的替换材料和骨空位的填充物。
生物活性陶瓷首先由Hench L．L等人提出，指这种材料在植入到体内后会与周围组织发生生物化学反应，从而使得植入体与组织间形成生物结合。这主要包括生物玻璃和生物玻璃陶瓷复合材料。生物活性陶瓷的生物相容性介于惰性陶瓷和可降解陶瓷之间，具有良好的生物相容性，无毒副作用。此外，由于它的化学组成与人体骨骼的组成非常相似，当植入到人体组织内后，容易与周围的组织形成紧密牢固的化学键合，或经生物降解形成新的人体组织。生物活性陶瓷的研究与临床应用已经成为材料学、医学以及生物化学等学科的研究热点，越来越受到人们的重视，特别是一些高强度、可切削微晶玻璃陶瓷以及用于治疗用途的功能性的玻璃陶瓷研究开发，为人类的医疗开辟了新的道路。日本京都大学小久保正教授于1982年成功研制出了含38wt％左右的磷灰石和34％左右硅灰石(wo1lastonite)的微晶玻璃，也就是通常所说的A／w玻璃。这种玻璃不仅具有较好的力学性能，而且能与人体组织形成较强的生物化学结合。从玻璃基体中析出的磷灰石晶体含量不仅对材料的力学性能有较大的影响，而且它对材料的生物活性起着决定性的作用。从玻璃基体析出的晶粒除了和材料的原料有关外，晶化过程中的热处理工艺对它也有很大的影响，因此必须对材料的制备过程进行严格的控制。选择合适的成分和热处理工艺是制备这种材料的关键。可切削生物微晶玻璃由于其良好的切削性能，同时由于它的乳浊特性与自然牙釉质十分相近，质地致密、耐磨，表面光洁，良好的生物相客性以及化学稳定性，因此在全瓷冠修复体中倍受青睐。特别是近年来，随着计算机辅助设计／辅助制造(cAD／cAM)技术的推广应用，为可切削玻璃陶瓷在口腔修复中的应用开辟了新的道路。综上所述，玻璃基生物载体材料的组成体系，基本上还是属于钙磷酸盐系统组成的，但是在不影响玻璃陶瓷生物相容性和生物活性的基础上，为了改善生物材料的力学性能、加工性能或者其它一些性能，可以添加一定的其它组分的物质，其用量与制备方法和制备工艺有关。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷及其制备方法，玻璃陶瓷孔隙率小，紧密无开裂。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅50～70份、氧化镁20～70份、磷酸氢钙30～40份、五氧化二磷20～30份、碳化硅15～25份、锌10～20份、聚四氟乙烯12～20份、乙基纤维素30～40份。
作为对本发明的进一步改进，用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅60份、氧化镁40份、磷酸氢钙35份、五氧化二磷25份、碳化硅20份、锌15份、聚四氟乙烯15份、乙基纤维素35份。
作为对本发明的进一步改进，二氧化硅的粒径为30～60μm。
作为对本发明的进一步改进，锌的粒径为60～200μm。
本发明还提供了一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法。
一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1300～1400℃，反应2～3h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。
作为对本发明的进一步改进，烧结温度为1050℃，烧结时间为2h。
有益效果：本发明采用先成型制成粉末，然后再制备成玻璃陶瓷，可以防止直接成型为大块玻璃而开裂，提高产品质量；而且按照本发明的方法制备得到的产品孔隙率小，紧密无开裂，孔隙率仅18～21%，可以应用在种植牙上。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅60份、氧化镁40份、磷酸氢钙35份、五氧化二磷25份、碳化硅20份、锌15份、聚四氟乙烯15份、乙基纤维素35份。
二氧化硅的粒径为50μm。
锌的粒径为100μm。
一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1350℃，反应2.5h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。
烧结温度为1050℃，烧结时间为2h。
实施例2
用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅50份、氧化镁20份、磷酸氢钙30份、五氧化二磷20份、碳化硅15份、锌10份、聚四氟乙烯12份、乙基纤维素30份。
二氧化硅的粒径为30μm。
锌的粒径为60μm。
一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1300℃，反应2h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。
烧结温度为1050℃，烧结时间为2h。
实施例3
用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅70份、氧化镁70份、磷酸氢钙40份、五氧化二磷30份、碳化硅25份、锌20份、聚四氟乙烯20份、乙基纤维素40份。
二氧化硅的粒径为60μm。
锌的粒径为200μm。
一种用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1400℃，反应3h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。
烧结温度为1050℃，烧结时间为2h。
对比例1
与实施例1相同，不同在于：省略步骤“熔化后，加热至1350℃，反应2.5h；骤冷”，直接采用粉末成型的方法制备玻璃陶瓷。
性能测试
测定实施例和对比例的产品性能，结果见表1。
表1
结论：本发明的孔隙率仅18～21%，远远低于对比例1的孔隙率为45%。这是因为本发明采用先成型制成粉末，然后再制备成玻璃陶瓷，可以防止直接成型为大块玻璃而开裂，提高产品质量；本发明制备得到的产品孔隙率小，紧密无开裂。

Claims (1)

1.用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷，其特征在于，包括以下重量份计的原料：二氧化硅50份、氧化镁20份、磷酸氢钙30份、五氧化二磷20份、碳化硅15份、锌10份、聚四氟乙烯12份、乙基纤维素30份；
所述的用于种植牙的玻璃陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：二氧化硅、氧化镁、磷酸氢钙、五氧化二磷、碳化硅、锌、聚四氟乙烯、乙基纤维素混合均匀，熔化后，加热至1300～1400℃，反应2～3h；骤冷，粉碎，筛分，冷压成型；烧结。
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