CN106006950B - A kind of method that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation - Google Patents

A kind of method that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation Download PDF

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CN106006950B
CN106006950B CN201610549254.8A CN201610549254A CN106006950B CN 106006950 B CN106006950 B CN 106006950B CN 201610549254 A CN201610549254 A CN 201610549254A CN 106006950 B CN106006950 B CN 106006950B
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sludge
mycelium pellet
reactor
aerobic
time
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CN106006950A (en
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董怡华
张书源
王英刚
张玉革
吴程浩
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SHENYANG FENGJING LANDSCAPE Co.,Ltd.
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Shenyang University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1263Sequencing batch reactors [SBR]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/004Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage comprising a selector reactor for promoting floc-forming or other bacteria
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A kind of method that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation, is related to environment bioengineering field, the method includes following procedure: preparing chlorophenol simulated wastewater;Prepare mycelium pellet;Mycelium pellet adding in sbr reactor device;The starting of reactor and the culture of aerobic particle mud;In reactor start-up operational process; the properties such as routine observation aerobic particle mud partial size, mode of appearance, settling property, density and moisture content, porosity; and results of regular determination effluent quality, analyze and determine granular sludge degree, the removal effect of granule sludge long-term running degree of stability and parachlorphenol simulated wastewater.The cultivation cycle of granular sludge can be greatly shortened, the longtime running stability of mud granule in the reactor is improved, strengthens treatment of Organic Wastewater efficiency.

Description

A kind of method that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment bioengineering fields, promote the side of aerobic sludge granulation more particularly to a kind of mycelium pellet Method.
Background technique
Aerobic particle mud (aerobic granular sludge, AGS) is microorganism under environmental condition appropriate, A kind of granular agglomerate activated sludge formed by spontaneous cohesion.Compared with ordinary activated sludge, aerobic particle mud tool Have structure is closely knit, settling property is good, biofacies is high, metabolic activity is good, capacity of resisting impact load is strong, be not susceptible to sludge bulking with And the advantages that poisonous and harmful substance effect is good is removed, therefore always by the extensive concern of lot of domestic and foreign scholar.However, particle The culturing sludge period takes long time, and needs to undergo 1~2 month or so time mostly from sludge acclimatization to particle maturation, and Phenomena such as granule sludge after maturation is unable to maintain that operation steady in a long-term, is easy to appear disintegration, settling property variation, thus limits Popularization and industrialization of the aerobic particle mud in actual industrial waste water treatment applications.Therefore, how sludge is fast implemented Granulation, maintaining long-time steady operation to make aerobic particle mud, large-scale promotion and application are urgently to be resolved in practical projects Critical issue.
It is that one kind more has by the fast culture that outside adds molecule as nucleus to realize aerobic particle mud The solution of effect.The formation mechenism of this method is based on induced nuclei hypothesis, it considers that the formation of aerobic particle mud is one The process of the similar crystallization of kind, first has to place of the nucleus as germs collect and apposition growth, microorganism is in nucleus Upper attachment, constantly aggregation growth, partial size become larger, until forming mature granule sludge.The presence of induced nuclei can be with The progress for accelerating sludge aerobic granulating, saves the short grained formation time.Common adds the active charcoal of nucleus particle, stone The inorganic particulate matters such as ash, crystal micro-powder and aerobic/anaerobic granule sludge etc..However, promoting using mycelium pellet as nucleus aerobic The correlative study of granular sludge is at present both at home and abroad there is not yet report.
Mycelium pellet is that one kind that shaken cultivation, automatic aggregation are formed under the conditions of liquid floods by mould or actinomyces had both had There is vital signs, and has the spherical particle object of absorption and carrier characteristics.Due to the composition of mycelium pellet inherently microbial cells Part has preferable hydrophobe equilibrium valve;And mycelia secretion extracellular polymeric and its surface existing for electrostatic attraction, function Group or element etc. are all conducive to the adherency to other microbial cells, and distinctive meshy surface structure is also beneficial to microorganism It inhabites and breeds, therefore be conducive to sludge attachment fixation and form mud granule.It theoretically analyzes, mycelium pellet is added to activity In sludge, induced nuclei can be formed, space surface is provided for the mutual Absorption Growth of microorganism, microbial is promoted mutually to assemble shape At granule sludge, and the physical strength that mud granule will be greatly increased, show superior physical characteristic.
Therefore, the present invention is based on " the induced nuclei hypothesis " of aerobic particle mud, mycelium pellet is added as induced nuclei, is added The granulating of fast aerobic sludge, to be Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment practical application play it is positive Impetus.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation, and this method is with mycelium pellet As induced nuclei, hyphal surface is fixed in aerobic activated sludge attachment using its special construction, reaches acceleration aerobic sludge The purpose of granulating.The mud granule structure of formation is closely knit, settling property is good, and physical strength is high, and capacity of resisting impact load is strong, The problems such as sludge settling speed is slow, sludge concentration is low in conventional SBR reactor is not only solved, but also sludge can be greatly shortened Granulated cultivation cycle improves the longtime running stability of mud granule in the reactor, strengthens treatment of Organic Wastewater efficiency.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention proposes a kind of using mycelium pellet as induced nuclei, promotes the method for aerobic sludge granulation.Specific step Suddenly include:
1, chlorophenol simulated wastewater is prepared
The simulated wastewater of the chlorophenol containing 2- is prepared with tap water, component includes: 0.5 ~ 2 grams per liter glucose, and 0.1 ~ 1.0 Grams per liter (NH4) 2SO4,0.05 ~ 0.5 grams per liter MgSO47H2O, 0.05 ~ 0.2 grams per liter KH2PO4,0.05 ~ 0.2 grams per liter K2HPO4,0.01 ~ 0.05 grams per liter CaSO4,50 ~ 150 mg/litre 2- chlorophenols, pH is nature.At this point, inlet COD concentration is about For 500 ~ 2500 mg/litres.
2, mycelium pellet is prepared
On aseptic operating platform, 10 milliliters of fungal spore suspensions are pipetted (in every ml deionized water using Sterile pipette Contain about 103 ~ 1010, spore) in the conical flask equipped with 90 milliliters of sterile chlorophenol simulated wastewaters.By the sterile yarn of conical flask Cloth sealing, which is placed in air bath oscillator, carries out shaken cultivation, and revolving speed is 100 ~ 200 revs/min, and cultivation temperature is 25 ~ 35 ℃.After cultivating and to form the mycelium pellet that uniform in size, diameter is 1 ~ 3 millimeter or so, taking-up is filtered with sterile gauze, with sterile life It manages salt water to clean 3 times, then be immersed in spare in sterile saline.
3, mycelium pellet adding in sbr reactor device
Test uses sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (Sequencing Batch Reactor, SBR) technique.Take sludge Concentration (MLSS) is that the aerobic activated sludge of 1000 ~ 5000 mg/litres is added in sbr reactor device, does not add any nutrients Matter stands 30 minutes after continuous aeration 48 hours, pours out supernatant.By mycelium pellet, by dosing ratio, (mycelium pellet dry weight and activity are dirty The percentage of mud dry weight) 5% ~ 30% it is added in sbr reactor device, start to inject chlorophenol simulated wastewater after continuous operation to react Device.
4, the culture of the starting of reactor and aerobic particle mud
A cycle of operation is formed from first time water inlet to second of water inlet, designing daily cycle of operation number is 2 ~ 8, each The time cycle of operation 3 ~ 12 hours.Wherein, within each period, flooding time is set as 2 ~ 20 minutes, aeration time be 120 ~ 600 minutes, the sedimentation time was 2~20 minutes, and standby time 5~120 minutes, water discharge time was 2 ~ 30 minutes, aeration quantity 0.1 ~ 0.5 cube m/h, oxygen in water be 2 ~ 5 mg/litres, hydraulic detention time 2 ~ 12 hours, water conservancy shearing force 0.5 ~ 3.0 Cm/s.Volume-exchange rate 30% ~ 80%.
In reactor start-up operational process, routine observation aerobic particle mud partial size, mode of appearance, settling property, density With the properties such as moisture content, porosity, and results of regular determination effluent quality analyzes and determines that granular sludge degree, granule sludge are long-term The degree of stability of operation and the removal effect of parachlorphenol simulated wastewater.
The advantages and effects of the present invention are:
Aerobic activated sludge attachment is fixed on mycelia using mycelium pellet as induced nuclei, using its special construction by the present invention Surface, to achieve the purpose that accelerate aerobic sludge granulation.The mud granule structure of formation is closely knit, settling property is good, object It is high to manage intensity, capacity of resisting impact load is strong, and not only sludge settling speed is slow, sludge concentration is low in solution conventional SBR reactor etc. Problem, and the cultivation cycle of granular sludge can be greatly shortened, it is steady to improve the longtime running of mud granule in the reactor It is qualitative, strengthen treatment of Organic Wastewater efficiency.In addition, this method also has, easy to operate, production cost is low, the repeatable benefit of mycelium pellet With the advantages that, this promotes aerobic granular technology to provide new technical method for development, while also to solve aerobic granule technology Actual industrial waste water treatment applications are moved towards by laboratory, technical support and test basis are provided.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of sequencing batch activated sludge reactor;
Fig. 2 is mycelium pellet appearance electromicroscopic photograph (40 ×);
Fig. 3 is mycelium pellet induced synthesis aerobic particle mud appearance stereoscan photograph (40 ×).
In figure: 1. inlet tanks;2. immersible pump;3. dissolved oxygen meter;4. glass rotameter;5. air compressor machine; 6. sand core aeration head;7. drain solenoid valve;8. the time relay;9. discharge outlet;10. sample tap;11. blow-down pipe.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
Photosynthetic bacteria provided by the present invention is the Rhodopseudomonas palustris of one plant of degradable 2- chlorophenol (Rhodopseudomonas palustris), is temporarily named as PSB-1D, and 16SrDNA sequence is GenBank Accession No. HM068966.The bacterium is known existing strain, has preservation in major culture presevation library.
The microorganism provided by the present invention for forming mycelium pellet is one plant of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for being named as DH1 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium).The bacterium is known existing strain, has preservation in major culture presevation library.
The present invention is using HZQ-C type air bath oscillator as microbial cultivation equipment.
High pressure steam sterilization of the invention uses LD2X-40BI electric heating pressure steam sterilizer.
Aseptic deionized water that the present invention uses, physiological saline are handled through high pressure steam sterilization, and treatment conditions are temperature 121 DEG C, 0.105 megapascal of pressure maintains 20 ~ 30 minutes.
Embodiment 1:
1, chlorophenol simulated wastewater is prepared
The simulated wastewater of the chlorophenol containing 2- is prepared with tap water, component includes: 0.5 grams per liter glucose, 0.1 grams per liter (NH4) 2SO4,0.05 grams per liter MgSO47H2O, 0.062 grams per liter KH2PO4,0.062 grams per liter K2HPO4,0.012 grams per liter CaSO4,50 mg/litre 2- chlorophenols, pH is nature.At this point, inlet COD concentration is about 550 mg/litres.
2, mycelium pellet is prepared
On aseptic operating platform, 10 milliliters of fungal spore suspensions are pipetted (in every ml deionized water using Sterile pipette Contain about 105, spore) in the conical flask equipped with 90 milliliters of sterile chlorophenol simulated wastewaters.Conical flask is sealed with sterile gauze It is placed in air bath oscillator and carries out shaken cultivation, revolving speed is 160 revs/min, and cultivation temperature is 30 DEG C.It cultivates to be formed big It is small uniformly, after diameter is 2 millimeters or so of mycelium pellet, taking-up is filtered with sterile gauze, cleans 3 times with sterile saline, so After be immersed in it is spare in sterile saline.
3, mycelium pellet is added to sbr reactor device
Test uses device for the SBR bioreactor of designed, designed.The main body of the reactor is cylindrical organic glass Container, total height are 100 centimetres, and internal diameter is 9 centimetres, and dischargeable capacity is 5 liters.3 drainings/water intaking valve is set along side wall.Start After continuous operation, the chlorophenol simulated wastewater in inlet tank 1 is injected into reactor through ZQB4X5-24 type immersible pump 2, reactor Oxygen needed for interior sludge is provided by ACO-318 type air compressor 5, is exposed by the sand core aeration head 6 of reactor bottom Gas, and aeration quantity is adjusted by LZB-3 type glass rotameter 4, it is online using the portable dissolved oxygen analytic instrument 3 of RSS-5100 type Dissolved oxygen concentration DO value is measured, is controlled and is drained by ZDT-B1 drain solenoid valve 7.Whole service system is controlled using the time relay 8 Make the time in intake, be aerated, precipitating, leaving unused, draining each stage.
Taking sludge concentration (MLSS) is that the aerobic activated sludge of 3850 mg/litres is added in sbr reactor device, does not add and appoints What nutriment stands 30 minutes after continuous aeration 48 hours, pours out supernatant.By mycelium pellet, by dosing ratio, (mycelium pellet is dry Weight and the percentage of activated sludge dry weight) 15% it is added in sbr reactor device, start 5 liters of chlorophenol simulated wastewaters after continuous operation Inject reactor.
4, the starting of sbr reactor device
A cycle of operation is formed from first time water inlet to second of water inlet, designing daily cycle of operation number is 6, Mei Geyun Row cycle time 4 hours.Wherein, within each period, flooding time is set as 10 minutes, and aeration time is 200 minutes, precipitating Time is 5 minutes, and standby time 20 minutes, water discharge time was 5 minutes, and displacement is 60 ls/h, and aeration quantity is 0.2 cube M/h, hydraulic detention time 6 hours, water conservancy shearing force was 1.2 cm/s, volume-exchange rate 60%.
Under above-mentioned entry condition, adds after mycelium pellet is run 13 days as the reactor of induced nuclei and realize complete sludge Granulating, compared with the aerobic particle mud routinely prepared under identical entry condition, incubation time is shortened 38 days.Mycelium pellet lures Lead that the granular sledge size distribution to be formed is uniform, and structure is closely knit, regular shape, partial size stabilization is held in 3 ~ 5 millimeters, porosity It is 0.60 ~ 0.88, density is 1.216 ~ 1.247 grams per liters, and sludge settling speed is 32.82 ms/h, and SVI is 26 mls/g. Granule sludge can maintain stable operation 120 days for a long time in the reactor, and during which integrity factor is consistently greater than 95% or more, does not have There is the expansion or disintegration of granule sludge, each period to the removal of 2- chlorophenol in simulated wastewater always 82% or more, 90% or more, organic loading is 3.5 kilograms per cubic meter of days or so for COD removal, hence it is evident that is better than under identical service condition conventional Prepare aerobic granular sludge reactor treatment effect (2- chlorophenol removal rate is that 70% or so, COD removal rate is 85% or so, Organic loading is 2.8 kilograms per cubic meter of days or so).
Embodiment 2:
1, simulation Chlorophenol is prepared
The simulated wastewater of the chlorophenol containing 2- is prepared with tap water, component includes: 1.5 grams per liter glucose, 0.5 grams per liter (NH4) 2SO4,0.05 grams per liter MgSO47H2O, 0.01 grams per liter KH2PO4,0.01 grams per liter K2HPO4,0.02 grams per liter CaSO4,100 mg/litre 2- chlorophenols, pH is nature.At this point, about 1700 mg/litre of inlet COD concentration.
2, preparation mixing mycelium pellet
On aseptic operating platform, 10 milliliters of fungal spore suspensions are inoculated with (in every ml deionized water using Sterile pipette Contain about 107, spore) in 90 milliliters of simulation Chlorophenols after sterilization and cooling.After conical flask is sealed with sterile gauze, It is placed in air bath oscillator and carries out shaken cultivation, revolving speed is 180 revs/min, and cultivation temperature is 28 DEG C.It cultivates to be formed big After the mycelium pellet that small uniform, diameter is 1 millimeter or so, taking-up is filtered with sterile gauze, after cleaning 3 times with sterile saline, It is immersed in spare in sterile saline.
3, mycelium pellet is added to sbr reactor device
Test uses device for the SBR bioreactor of designed, designed.The main body of the reactor is cylindrical organic glass Container, total height are 100 centimetres, and internal diameter is 9 centimetres, and dischargeable capacity is 5 liters.3 drainings/water intaking valve is set along side wall.Start After continuous operation, the chlorophenol simulated wastewater in inlet tank 1 is injected into reactor through ZQB4X5-24 type immersible pump 2, reactor Oxygen needed for interior sludge is provided by ACO-318 type air compressor 5, is exposed by the sand core aeration head 6 of reactor bottom Gas, and aeration quantity is adjusted by LZB-3 type glass rotameter 4, it is online using the portable dissolved oxygen analytic instrument 3 of RSS-5100 type Dissolved oxygen concentration DO value is measured, is controlled and is drained by ZDT-B1 drain solenoid valve 7.Whole service system is controlled using the time relay 8 Make the time in intake, be aerated, precipitating, leaving unused, draining each stage.
Taking sludge concentration (MLSS) is that the aerobic activated sludge of 3270 mg/litres is added in sbr reactor device, does not add and appoints What nutriment stands 30 minutes after continuous aeration 48 hours, pours out supernatant.By mycelium pellet, by dosing ratio, (mycelium pellet is dry Weight and the percentage of activated sludge dry weight) 25% it is added in sbr reactor device, start 5 liters of chlorophenol simulated wastewaters after continuous operation Inject reactor.
4, the starting of sbr reactor device
A cycle of operation is formed from first time water inlet to second of water inlet, designing daily cycle of operation number is 4, Mei Geyun Row cycle time 6 hours.Wherein, within each period, flooding time is set as 5 minutes, and aeration time is 320 minutes, precipitating Time is 5 minutes, and standby time 20 minutes, water discharge time was 10 minutes, and displacement is 24 ls/h, and aeration quantity is 0.15 vertical Square m/h, volume-exchange rate 80%, hydraulic detention time 7.5 hours, water conservancy shearing force was 1.2 cm/s.
Under above-mentioned entry condition, adds after mycelium pellet is run 16 days as the reactor of induced nuclei and realize complete sludge Granulating, compared with the aerobic particle mud routinely prepared under identical entry condition, incubation time is shortened 35 days.Mycelium pellet lures Lead that the granular sledge size distribution to be formed is uniform, and structure is closely knit, regular shape, partial size stabilization is held in 2 ~ 4 millimeters, porosity It is 0.76 ~ 0.95, density is 1.106 ~ 1.231 grams per liters, and sludge settling speed is 34.65 ms/h, and SVI is 28 mls/g. Granule sludge can maintain stable operation 105 days for a long time in the reactor, and during which integrity factor is consistently greater than 95% or more, does not have There is the expansion or disintegration of granule sludge, each period to the removal of 2- chlorophenol in simulated wastewater always 86% or more, 92% or more, organic loading is 3.8 kilograms per cubic meter of days or so for COD removal, hence it is evident that is better than under identical service condition conventional Prepare aerobic granular sludge reactor treatment effect (2- chlorophenol removal rate is that 80% or so, COD removal rate is 88% or so, Organic loading is 3.2 kilograms per cubic meter of days or so).

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method that mycelium pellet promotes aerobic sludge granulation, which is characterized in that the method includes following procedure:
1) chlorophenol simulated wastewater is prepared
The simulated wastewater of the chlorophenol containing 2- is prepared with tap water, component includes: 0.5 ~ 2 grams per liter glucose, 0.1 ~ 1.0 grams per liter (NH4)2SO4, 0.05 ~ 0.5 grams per liter MgSO4·7H2O, 0.05 ~ 0.2 grams per liter KH2PO4, 0.05 ~ 0.2 grams per liter K2HPO4, 0.01 ~ 0.05 grams per liter CaSO4, 50 ~ 150 mg/litre 2- chlorophenols, pH is nature;At this point, inlet COD concentration be 500 ~ 2500 milligrams/ It rises;
2) mycelium pellet is prepared
On aseptic operating platform, 10 milliliters of fungal spore suspensions are pipetted using Sterile pipette, in equipped with 90 milliliters of sterile chlorophenols In the conical flask of simulated wastewater;Conical flask is sealed to be placed in air bath oscillator with sterile gauze and carries out shaken cultivation, is turned Speed is 100 ~ 200 revs/min, and cultivation temperature is 25 ~ 35 DEG C;The mycelium pellet that uniform in size, diameter is 1 ~ 3 millimeter is formed wait cultivate Afterwards, taking-up is filtered with sterile gauze, is cleaned 3 times with sterile saline, is then immersed in spare in sterile saline;
3), mycelium pellet adding in sbr reactor device
Test uses sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (Sequencing Batch Reactor, SBR) technique;Take sludge concentration (MLSS) it is added in sbr reactor device for the aerobic activated sludge of 1000 ~ 5000 mg/litres, does not add any nutriment, even Continuous aeration stood 30 minutes after 48 hours, poured out supernatant;Mycelium pellet is pressed into dosing ratio, that is, mycelium pellet dry weight and activated sludge The percentage 5% ~ 30% of dry weight is added in sbr reactor device, and chlorophenol simulated wastewater is injected reactor after beginning continuous operation;
4), the culture of the starting of reactor and aerobic particle mud
A cycle of operation is formed from first time water inlet to second of water inlet, designing daily cycle of operation number is 2 ~ 8, each operation Cycle time 3 ~ 12 hours;Wherein, within each period, flooding time is set as 2 ~ 20 minutes, and aeration time is 120 ~ 600 points Clock, sedimentation time are 2~20 minutes, and standby time 5~120 minutes, water discharge time was 2 ~ 30 minutes, and aeration quantity is 0.1 ~ 0.5 Cube m/h, oxygen in water be 2 ~ 5 mg/litres, hydraulic detention time 2 ~ 12 hours, 0.5 ~ 3.0 li of hydraulic shear Meter per second;Volume-exchange rate 30% ~ 80%;
In reactor start-up operational process, routine observation aerobic particle mud partial size, mode of appearance, settling property, density and contain Water rate, porosity property, and results of regular determination effluent quality analyze and determine that granular sludge degree, granule sludge are long-term running The removal effect of degree of stability and parachlorphenol simulated wastewater.
2. the method that a kind of mycelium pellet according to claim 1 promotes aerobic sludge granulation, which is characterized in that described true Contain spore 10 in the every ml deionized water of bacterium spore suspension3~1010It is a.
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