CN105998101B - 维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105998101B CN105998101B CN201610460036.7A CN201610460036A CN105998101B CN 105998101 B CN105998101 B CN 105998101B CN 201610460036 A CN201610460036 A CN 201610460036A CN 105998101 B CN105998101 B CN 105998101B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种维药的新应用,具体的说涉及一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用。
背景技术
肝脏是维持机体生命活动至关重要的器官,它不仅参与机体消化、排泄、解毒、合成以及免疫等多种生物化学过程,而且在机体糖类、蛋白质、脂肪的代谢方面发挥至关重要的作用。肝脏作为机体代谢有毒物质的主要器官,承载着为机体解毒的使命,一旦短时间内摄入大量的有毒物质,如病毒、酒精以及化学性毒物等,超过肝脏的承受范围,则引起肝脏的急、慢性损伤。肝损伤主要表现为血清中多种酶活性增高,如丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和总胆红素(TBIL)等,其中转氨酶(ALT、AST)是肝损伤最敏感的指标之一,转氨酶的升高在一定程度上反映了肝损伤的程度;同时,肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量降低、脂质过氧化反应的终产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量增加,使三羧酸障碍和脂肪酸氧化减弱而影响脂肪代谢,致使甘油三酯(TG)含量升高;自由基还可激活单核细胞和巨噬细胞,产生多种炎症因子,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)等。TNF-α不仅具有直接的肝毒性,能引起肝细胞的坏死,并可激活Bax和Fas等基因表达,从而引起细胞凋亡。在形态上,肝损伤后肝细胞结构破坏,如肝小叶结构紊乱,肝细胞明显变形,细胞有浸润现象,细胞核数量明显减少,细胞中出现大量脂滴,胞浆淡染等。由肝损伤引起的肝功能障碍疾病在临床比较多见,如药物及化学性中毒、病毒性肝炎、重症消耗性疾病等,它是多种肝脏病变的共同病理基础,是多种严重肝脏疾病的发生、发展及最终走向肝功能衰竭的始动因子和必经途径。因此,治疗肝损伤药物的筛选和肝损伤发病机制的深入研究,对急、慢性肝病、肝炎、肝硬化及肝癌的防治具有重要意义。
维药斯米孜·欧提(Portulaca oleracea L.),属马齿苋科植物,是新疆地区特有的药食同源植物。维吾尔药学古籍《药物之园》(汉文音译名:《阿大依库力艾地维也》)中记载:“斯米孜·欧提,是一种植物的全草;全株平卧或斜向上,红淡褐红色或紫色,茎圆柱形,叶片肥厚肉质,小匙形,光滑,花白色,种子多数,黑褐色;全株具有生瓜气味。”根据上述维吾尔医本草所述药物特征和实物对照,斯米孜·欧提在植物学上属马齿苋科植物,但是由于新疆地处内陆、远离海洋、四周有高山阻隔,形成了降水量少、空气干燥、日照时间长、季节及昼夜温差大的极端温带大陆性气候,其特殊的气候与环境因素造就了斯米孜·欧提与中原地区的马齿苋从药性、有效成分等方面都有显著的不同。维吾尔族医学独有的医学理论体系赋予了斯米孜·欧提不同于马齿苋的药理学功效。中医理论认为马齿苋性寒,味酸,无毒,入肝、脾、大肠三经,有疏肝理气,健脾养胃,润肠解毒之功效,主治腹泻、痢疾等胃肠炎症。而维吾尔医学理论认为斯米孜·欧提属二级湿、三级寒,具有生湿生寒,清热止痛、退烧消炎、解渴肥体、凉血止血、通利小便的功效,主治热性或胆液质性疾病。
因此,无论是医学理论还是成分组成,斯米孜·欧提与马齿苋都有显著差异,不能将斯米孜·欧提与马齿苋视为同一药物,也不能将中药学中对马齿苋的研究直接应用于维药斯米孜·欧提。与此同时,现代医学理论对斯米孜·欧提的研究很少,未见有斯米孜·欧提在肝保护活性上的研究和报道,更未见有斯米孜·欧提对肝保护作用机制的研究,以及斯米孜·欧提在基因调节方面的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提在现代医学中的新用途,即提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用。
进一步的,本发明提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中所述肝保护是指防治四氯化碳、对乙酰氨基酚等药物所致的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,糖尿病肝损伤,肥胖肝损伤,病毒性肝炎,肝纤维化。
进一步的,本发明提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中所述肝保护是指在肝损伤个体中降低肝脏指数,降低血浆中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和总胆红素(TBIL)的水平,降低肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平、增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,降低血浆中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的水平,降低肝脏脂肪性病变程度,减轻炎性侵润,改善肝细胞结构,恢复肝索形态。
进一步的,本申请人通过大量的研究,首次发现了斯米孜·欧提在基因水平上实现肝保护活性的作用靶点。因此,本发明进一步提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中所述肝保护是指在肝损伤个体中上调基因CYP26A1、CYP2C37、CYP2C44、CYP2C50、CYP2C54的表达,下调基因CYP2A4、CYP2A5的表达。
进一步的,本发明提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中所述斯米孜·欧提提取物按质量比含有芦丁至少100ug/g、槲皮苷至少300ug/g、槲皮素至少400ug/g、山奈酚至少30ug/g。
进一步的,本发明提供一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中所述斯米孜·欧提提取物是通过将斯米孜·欧提原料药进行蒸馏水回流提取制备而成的。
附图说明
图1:实施例1中斯米孜·欧提提取物与马齿苋提取物成分比较的HPLC色谱图。
图2:实施例2中斯米孜·欧提提取物与马齿苋提取物对ALT、AST活性影响的实验结果。
图3:实施例3中斯米孜·欧提提取物对肝脏指数、ALT、AST、TBIL、TG、LDH水平影响的实验结果。
图4:实施例3中斯米孜·欧提提取物对ALP、MDA、SOD、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平影响的实验结果。
图5:实施例3中小鼠肝脏组织的形态学变化。
图6:实施例4中斯米孜·欧提提取物对基因表达水平影响的实验结果。
具体实施方式
下面实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,本领域技术人员应当意识到在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下所作的改动,均属于本发明的范围。
材料:
斯米孜·欧提原料药来自:采集自新疆塔城。
安徽马齿苋原料药来自:购自于芍花堂国药股份有限公司(批号:150115)
河北马齿苋原料药来自:购自于浙江钱江中药材饮片有限公司(批号:140210)
芦丁、山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷对照品购自:芦丁购自于南京替斯艾么中药研究所(批号:TCM027-080118)、山奈酚购自于上海同田生物技术有限公司(批号:E-0013)、槲皮素购自于中国药品生物制品检定所(批号:100081-200406)、槲皮苷购自于中国药品生物制品检定所(批号:111538-200403)。
实施例1:斯米孜·欧提提取物的制备方法:
称量斯米孜·欧提原料药1kg,蒸馏水回流提取两次,每次2小时,弃药渣将两次水溶液混合,减压浓缩至5000mL,制成浓度为0.2g/ml(相当于每ml溶液中含有0.2g原料药)的斯米孜·欧提的提取物储备液。临用前用蒸馏水将储备液稀释为0.14g/ml斯米孜·欧提的提取物溶液。
实施例2:斯米孜·欧提提取物与马齿苋提取物的成分比较
1.供试品溶液和标准品溶液的制备:
供试品溶液:精密称取斯米孜·欧提1g加入50ml的三角烧瓶中,加入甲醇10ml,精密称定重量,超声30min(250W,60Hz),称重,补足减失液体,摇匀,离心(3000rpm,10min),0.45um滤膜过滤,取续滤液作为斯米孜·欧提的供试品溶液。另根据上述方法制备安徽马齿苋的供试品溶液和河北马齿苋的供试品溶液。
标准品溶液:精密称量芦丁、山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷对照品适量,置于10ml的容量瓶中,甲醇超声溶解,定容,放冷,作为对照品储备液。
2.HPLC色谱条件:色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2(250mm×4.6mm,5um);柱温为室温;流速为1.0ml·min-1;流动相为乙腈(A)和水(B);梯度洗脱为:0-30min,5%A→12%A;30-75min,25%A;75-90min,25%A→50%A;90-110min,50%A→60%A;检测波长280nm;进样量10uL。
3.标准曲线绘制:
精密吸取上述对照品储备液适量,用甲醇稀释制成系列浓度的对照品溶液,按上述色谱条件分析,测定各峰面积,以浓度(X)为横坐标,峰面积(Y)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,求得上述四个组分的回归方程,见下表。
4.实验结果
斯米孜·欧提提取物、马齿苋提取物以及标准品的HPLC色谱图见附图1。根据HPLC结果计算斯米孜·欧提提取物与马齿苋提取物的各组分含量为:
从附图1和上表可知,斯米孜·欧提虽属马齿苋科植物,但是由于地域特点,其提取物中所含有的芦丁、山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷等成分都与中原的马齿苋植物有显著不同,从而不能将中药学中对马齿苋的研究直接应用于维药斯米孜·欧提。
实施例3:斯米孜·欧提提取物与马齿苋提取物的药效比较
1.药物制备:
根据实施例1的方法制备得浓度为0.14g/ml斯米孜·欧提的提取物溶液。
另参照实施例1的方法,将安徽马齿苋原料药和河北马齿苋原料药分别制备得浓度为0.14g/ml的安徽马齿苋的提取物溶液,以及浓度为0.14g/ml的河北马齿苋的提取物溶液。
2.实验方法:
将50只小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,分别为:空白组、模型组、斯米孜·欧提提取物组、安徽马齿苋提取物组、河北马齿苋提取物组。空白组和模型组给予蒸馏水(10ml/kg,灌胃),各提取物组分别给药步骤1中的各提取物溶液(给药体积为10ml/kg,灌胃),每天给药一次,连续给药5天。
在末次给药2小时后,模型组与各提取物组小鼠分别腹腔注射(i.p.)0.2%(v/v)CCl4花生油溶液(给药体积为10ml/kg);空白组小鼠腹腔注射(i.p.)花生油(给药体积为10ml/kg)。
随后禁食不禁水,23小时后取血。室温静置2h,3500rpm离心12min,制备血清。日立7020全自动生化分析仪检测各组小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性。
3.实验结果:
各组小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的活性见附图2和下表:
#P<0.001,*P<0.05,**P<0.001,△P<0.05△△P<0.001
从附图2和上表可知,斯米孜·欧提提取物对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠血清中转氨酶活性的抑制作用明显优于中原的马齿苋提取物。
实施例4:斯米孜·欧提的肝保护活性研究
1.药物制备:
根据实施例1的方法制备得浓度为0.14g/ml斯米孜·欧提的提取物溶液。
另称取2g水飞蓟宾原料药,加入100ml 0.5%CMC-Na中,制备成20mg/ml的水飞蓟宾溶液。
2.实验方法:
将40只小鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为:空白组、模型组、斯米孜·欧提提取物组、阳性对照组。其中空白组和模型组给予蒸馏水(10ml/kg,灌胃),斯米孜·欧提提取物组给药步骤1中的斯米孜·欧提提取物溶液(给药体积为10ml/kg,灌胃),阳性对照组给药步骤1中的水飞蓟宾溶液(给药体积为10ml/kg,灌胃),每天给药一次,连续给药5天。
在末次给药2小时后,模型组、斯米孜·欧提提取物组、阳性对照组的小鼠分别腹腔注射(i.p.)0.2%(v/v)CCl4花生油溶液(给药体积为10ml/kg);空白组小鼠腹腔注射(i.p.)花生油(给药体积为10ml/kg)。
随后禁食不禁水,23小时后眼眶取血,脱臼处死小鼠。将全血于室温静置2h,3500rpm离心12min,制备血清,保存于-80℃冰箱,准备后续测定。摘取全部小鼠肝脏,用4℃预冷的生理盐水冲洗表面浮血,滤纸拭干、称重,用于计算肝脏指数。每组随机选取3只小鼠的肝脏,取最大叶置于10%福尔马林中固定,准备后续做病理检查。每组再随机选取3只小鼠的肝脏,取0.2g肝脏组织,剪碎,放于玻璃匀浆器中,加预冷的9倍体积的0.9%生理盐水匀浆,3000rpm离心10min,上清液置于4℃,保存备用以检测脂质过氧化指标。剩余肝脏组织置于液氮冷冻,再转移至-80℃冰箱保存。
3.检测指标及结果:
(1)肝脏指数:
按以下公式计算肝脏指数:肝脏指数(%)=肝脏重量(g)/小鼠体重(g)×100。
(2)血清指标:使用日立7020全自动生化分析仪检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和总胆红素(TBIL)的活性水平,操作步骤按照仪器操作说明执行,上述指标可以评价CCl4诱导的肝损伤程度。
(3)脂质过氧化水平:肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平可以反映肝脏脂质过氧化水平。称取适量小鼠肝脏组织,生理盐水匀浆,制备10%肝脏匀浆混悬液,于4℃,3000rpm,离心10min,取上清液,按照丙二醛(MDA)测定试剂盒(TBA法)、总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定试剂盒(黄嘌呤氧化酶法)(均购自南京建成生物工程研究所)说明测定MDA和SOD的含量。
(4)炎症因子表达水平:按照小鼠肿瘤坏死因子αELISA试剂盒、小鼠白介素-6ELISA试剂盒、小鼠白介素-1βELISA试剂盒(均购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司)说明,测定小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的含量。
上述检测指标的实验结果如下表与图3和图4:
#P<0.001,*P<0.05,**P<0.001
从上表、图3和图4中可知,斯米孜·欧提可有效降低四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏指数,可降低四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和总胆红素(TBIL)的活性,降低四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏组织MDA水平,提高SOD水平,可降低四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,修复四氯化碳对小鼠肝脏造成的损伤。
4.组织病理学分析
将各组随机选取的3只小鼠肝脏组织用10%福尔马林固定液中固24h,用水冲洗后经梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,进行石蜡包埋处理后切成5μm厚的薄片,苏木精和伊红染色(H&E染色)、油红染色,光镜下观察小鼠肝脏组织的形态学变化,结果见附图5。从附图5可以看出,斯米孜·欧提能有效降低肝脏脂肪性病变程度,减轻炎性侵润,改善肝细胞结构,恢复肝索形态。
实施例4:斯米孜·欧提提取物对基因的表达调节
1.实验方法:
利用定量即时PCR(real-t ime PCR)技术对空白组、模型组与斯米孜·欧提组(各组随机选取4只)小鼠的肝脏组织中基因CYP26A1、CYP2C37、CYP2C44、CYP2C50、CYP2C54、CYP2A4、CYP2A5的表达进行测定。
其中反转录步骤中的HiFiScript cDNA试剂盒购自北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司,即时PCR步骤中的SYBR FAST Qpcr Ki t Master Mix试剂盒购自KAPA Biosystems。
(1)引物设计合成如下表
(2)反转录
(3)即时PCR
1)SYBR GreenⅠPCR体系:
2)PCR程序:
(4)数据分析:将原始数据、扩增曲线和熔解曲线等信息从定量软件Steponesoftware v2.3中导出进行分析,得到样本基因相对表达水平的图谱。
2.实验结果:
实验结果见表下表和图6。从下表和图6可以看出,斯米孜·欧提能够有效上调肝损伤小鼠基因CYP26A1、CYP2C37、CYP2C44、CYP2C50、CYP2C54的表达,下调基因CYP2A4、CYP2A5的表达。
Claims (6)
1.一种维药斯米孜·欧提提取物在制备肝保护药物和保健品中的应用,其中,所述斯米孜·欧提提取物按质量比含有芦丁至少100ug/g、槲皮苷至少300ug/g、槲皮素至少400ug/g、山奈酚至少30ug/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述肝保护是指防治四氯化碳、对乙酰氨基酚药物所致的肝损伤,酒精性肝损伤,糖尿病肝损伤,肥胖肝损伤,病毒性肝炎,肝纤维化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述肝保护是指在肝损伤个体中降低肝脏指数,或是降低血浆中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的水平,或是降低血浆中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的水平,或是降低血浆中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的水平,或是降低血浆中甘油三酯(TG)的水平,或是降低血浆中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的水平,或是降低血浆中总胆红素(TBIL)的水平;或是降低肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)的水平,或是增加肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平;或是降低血浆中IL-1β、或IL-6、或TNF-α的水平。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述肝保护是指在肝损伤个体中降低肝脏脂肪性病变程度,减轻炎性侵润,改善肝细胞结构,恢复肝索形态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述肝保护是指在肝损伤个体中上调基因CYP26A1、CYP2C37、CYP2C44、CYP2C50、CYP2C54的表达,下调基因CYP2A4、CYP2A5的表达。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的应用,其中所述斯米孜·欧提提取物是通过将斯米孜·欧提原料药进行蒸馏水回流提取制备而成的。
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