CN105987238A - 多层机动车管道 - Google Patents

多层机动车管道 Download PDF

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CN105987238A
CN105987238A CN201610380349.1A CN201610380349A CN105987238A CN 105987238 A CN105987238 A CN 105987238A CN 201610380349 A CN201610380349 A CN 201610380349A CN 105987238 A CN105987238 A CN 105987238A
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layer
pipeline
forming processes
motor vehicles
present
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CN105987238B (zh
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W·齐默
F·法赫伦霍尔兹
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Ti Automobile Fu Erdabulvke Co Ltd
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Ti Automobile Fu Erdabulvke Co Ltd
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0017—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor related to fuel pipes or their connections, e.g. joints or sealings
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    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多层机动车管道，其中，该管道(1)具有至少两个塑料层、优选至少三个塑料层(4、5、6)，其中，至少一层的与另一层连接的表面经成型处理地构造，其中，成型部具有最大部(9)和最小部(10)，并且最大部(9)和与该最大部紧邻的最小部(10)之间的高度差Δh在1‑100μm之间。

Description

多层机动车管道
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多层机动车管道、尤其是用于机动车的多层燃料管道，其中，该管道具有至少两个塑料层，优选具有至少三个塑料层。各个层在此尤其是包括热塑性塑料。
背景技术
上述类型的多层机动车管道或燃料管道在实践中在不同实施案例中已为人熟知。层压件的各层之间通常存在粘附问题。多数已有的这种类型的多层管道在较长使用时间之后表现出不期望的脱层特征，这使这些机动车管道最终无法使用。这往往会导致泄漏和车辆故障。这种脱层通常还因外界的化学、热力、机械因素而加剧或加速。这样的脱层问题原则上对于管道的层压件的所有层都或多或少地存在。但经常特别涉及在层压件复合物中设置的粘接剂层或通过粘接剂层连接的各层。相应的问题还经常发生于在多层复合物中存在的阻挡层或者说渗透阻挡层和/或扩散阻挡层，比如由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)构成的阻挡层。因此，实际运用中的多层机动车管道需要加以改进。
发明内容
因此，针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种开头所述类型的多层机动车管道，其中可避免或可最小化上述缺陷并且可实现针对管道脱层长期稳定的多层复合物。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明教导一种多层机动车管道、尤其是用于机动车的多层燃料管道，该管道具有至少两个塑料层，优选具有至少三个塑料层，
其中，至少一层的与另一层相连的表面经成型处理地构造，其中，该成型部具有最大部和最小部，并且最大部和与该最大部邻接或紧邻的最小部之间的高度差Δh在1-100μm之间，优选在1-50μm之间，更优选在1-25μm之间，特别优选在1-20μm之间。在本发明的范围中，管道的至少两个层、优选至少三个层包括热塑性塑料或基本上由热塑性塑料制成。此外，在本发明的范围中，至少一个根据本发明的经成型处理的层在其两个对置的表面上根据本发明经成型处理地构造，其中，优选这两个表面的每个成型部具有上述规定的最大部和最小部。
本发明建议：所述至少一个根据本发明的经成型处理的层或该层的所述至少一个根据本发明的经成型处理的表面覆盖该管道的至少80％、至少90％并且优选至少95％的圆周。特别优选地，所述至少一个根据本发明的经成型处理的层或该层的所述至少一个根据本发明的经成型处理的表面覆盖该管道的整个圆周。符合目的的是，成型部的最大部和最小部设置为相同或基本上相同地分布在管道的圆周上。
在本发明的范围中，另一层或第二层的与第一层的经成型处理的表面连接的表面同样经成型处理地构造，其中优选地，另一层或第二层的成型部与第一层的成型部类似或互补地构造。因此符合目的的是，第二层同样具有最大部和最小部，并且最大部和与该最大部紧邻的最小部之间的高度差Δh在1-100μm之间，优选在1-50μm之间，更优选在1-25μm之间，并且特别优选在1-20μm之间。按照本发明的推荐实施方式，至少一层或至少一个第一层在其两个表面上根据本发明经成型处理地构造，并且在至少一个并且优选每个根据本发明经成型处理的表面上连接另一层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面。优选地，所述一层或第一层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的成型部与另一层或第二层的与之相连的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的成型部互补地构造。
本发明的范围中，第一层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的最大部形状锁合地并且优选力锁合地嵌接到与之相连的另一层或第二层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的最小部中，并且符合目的的是，另一层或第二层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的最大部形状锁合地并且优选力锁合地嵌接到第一层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面的最小部中。因此，在第一层和另一层或第二层中，最大部与紧邻的最小部之间的高度差Δh相同或基本相同。在本发明的范围中，第一个层的最大部和最小部以及与之连接的另一层或第二层的最大部和最小部具有相同的形状或基本相同的形状。
本发明的特别推荐的实施形式的特征在于，根据本发明经成型处理的表面的最大部和与该最大部紧邻的最小部之间的间距a为1-100μm，优选为1-50μm，更优选为1-25μm、特别优选为2-20μm。此时在本发明的范围中，该间距a沿管道的圆周方向测量。
根据本发明的推荐的实施方式，至少一个具有至少一个根据本发明经成型处理的表面的层是管道的中间层，该中间层经由其两个表面分别与管道的另一层连接。在此按照优选实施形式，中间层的两个表面作为根据本发明经成型处理的表面构造。符合目的的是，另一层的与中间层的根据本发明经成型处理的表面连接的表面作为经成型处理的表面且优选作为根据本发明经成型处理的表面构造。按照本发明的特别优选的实施形式，中间层是管道层压件的两个层之间的粘接剂层。但在此也可以是阻挡层或渗透阻挡层和/或扩散阻挡层。
本发明的有价值的实施形式的特征在于，根据本发明经成型处理的层是粘接剂层，该粘接剂层以其两个表面分别连接到另一层上，其中优选粘接剂层的两个表面都经成型处理地且按照推荐、根据本发明经成型处理地构造。这样的粘接剂层符合目的地具有0.02-0.15mm的厚度、优选0.03-0.12mm的厚度，特别优选0.03-0.10mm的厚度。本发明的特别优选的实施形式的特征在于，粘接剂层的至少一个根据本发明经成型处理的表面连接到阻挡层或渗透阻挡层和/或扩散阻挡层上。符合目的的是，阻挡层的连接到粘接剂层上的表面也按照本发明成型处理。本发明的优选的实施形式的特征在于，在多层管道中设有两个粘接剂层，这两个粘接剂层按照本发明成型处理并且优选在其两个对置的表面上成型处理并且特别优选按照本发明成型处理。按照推荐的实施形式，在两个粘接剂层之间中间连接有层或仅一层，其中，该中间连接的层优选为阻挡层。在此符合目的的是，至少粘接剂层的两个与阻挡层连接的表面按照本发明成型处理。推荐的是，阻挡层也在其两个对置的表面上按照本发明成型处理。
优选地，两个粘接剂层具有以上为粘接剂层指定的厚度。符合目的的是，在两个粘接剂层的远离阻挡层的表面或按照本发明成型处理的表面上连接该多层管道的其他层。在此，根据一个实施形式，至少一个在外侧直接连接到粘接剂层上的层由聚酰胺或基本上由聚酰胺构成。可以理解的是，保证或确保粘接剂层粘附在两个连接到其表面上的层之间。对于一个或多个粘接剂层，其例如可以是基于聚酰胺的粘接剂层。按照本发明的实施形式，阻挡层由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)或基本上由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)构成。阻挡层的厚度符合目的地为0.05-0.3mm，优选为0.1-0.25mm，特别优选为0.11-0.20mm，例如0.15mm。根据本发明的优选实施例，当在层复合物中设有至少一个、优选至少两个在其表面上按照本发明成型处理或在其两个表面上按照本发明成型处理的粘接剂层时，在本发明的范围中，分别连接到其按照本发明成型处理的表面或与其连接的表面也按照本发明成型处理。按照本发明成型处理特别是指的是：设置上述特定的高度差Δh以及优选的上述特定的间距a。此外，在本发明的范围中，各层的上述指定的层厚在存在按照本发明成型处理的表面时仅从所述层的最小部出发进行测量。
本发明的另一实施形式的特征在于，具有按照本发明经成型处理的表面的层是管道的内层，该内层以其外侧的按照本发明经成型处理的表面连接到另一层上。在本发明的范围中，该内层以其内侧表面与穿流管道的流体介质接触。符合目的的是，管道的内层的内层表面未经成型处理或基本上未经成型处理地构造。此外，按照本发明的优选实施形式，管道的外层的外侧表面未经成型处理或基本上未经成型处理地构造。
按照本发明的特别推荐的实施形式，按照本发明的多层机动车管道或燃料管道经由共挤出制成。因此在本发明的范围内，多层管道的个别层或所有层由塑料或由热塑性塑料构成。符合目的的是，至少具有至少一个按照本发明经成型处理的表面的层和所述至少一个连接到按照本发明经成型处理的表面上的层通过共挤出制成。在本发明的范围内，用于共挤出的挤出机以如下方式构造，使得在共挤出时形成具有所述至少一个按照本发明经成型处理构造的表面的所述至少一个层。此外在本发明的范围内，用于挤出按照本发明的管道的挤出机具有用于挤出管道的各个层的环形通道。
为了实现至少一个层的至少一个按照本发明经成型处理的表面，至少一个环形通道设有沿径向方向延伸的横杆。在此，横杆可以在环形通道的整个径向宽度上延伸。特别是，当应该制造仅具有一个按照本发明经成型处理的表面的层时，横杆也可以仅在相关的环形通道的一部分径向宽度上延伸。通过横杆产生的中断部导致按照本发明制造的经成型处理的一个或多个表面的最大部和最小部的形成。在此在本发明的范围内，管道的相关的层在两个对置的表面上按照本发明经成型处理地构造。
符合目的的是，按照本发明经成型处理的表面的最大部和最小部沿管道的纵向延伸。因此推荐的是，最大部和最小部构造为沿管道的纵向延伸的隆起和凹槽的形式。在此优选地但不是必需的是，最大部和最小部之间的高度差Δh沿管道的纵向保持恒定或保持基本恒定。同样也适用于最大部和最小部之间的间距a。在本发明的范围内，所述至少一个按照本发明经成型处理的层或该层的按照本发明经成型处理的表面覆盖管道的至少80％、优选至少90％并且特别优选至少95％的圆周，并且优选至少两个并且特别优选所有按照本发明经成型处理的层或该层的按照本发明经成型处理的表面覆盖管道的至少80％、优选至少90％并且特别优选至少95％的圆周。按照非常推荐的实施形式，所述至少一个按照本发明经成型处理的层或该层的按照本发明经成型处理的表面覆盖管道的整个圆周，并且按照特别优选的实施方案，至少两个按照本发明经成型处理的层以及优选至少所有按照本发明经成型处理的层或其按照本发明经成型处理的表面覆盖管道的整个圆周。
本发明的非常推荐的实施形式的特点在于，所述至少一个按照本发明经成型处理的表面的成型部的横截面波浪形地构造。在该实施形式中，波浪的脊形成最大部，波浪的沟形成按照本发明的成型部的最小部。横截面为波浪形的成型部的波浪的脊和/或波浪的沟在此尖锐地和/或圆滑地构成。
在本发明的范围内，最大部和最小部或波浪的脊和波浪的沟以隆起和凹槽的形式沿管道的纵向延伸。按照本发明的推荐的实施形式，该隆起和凹槽平行于管道的纵向轴线L或基本上平行于管道的纵向轴线L设置。此外在本发明的范围内，按照本发明经成型处理的表面的隆起嵌接到与其连接的按照本发明经成型处理的表面的凹槽中，优选形状锁合且尤其是力锁合地嵌接到该凹槽中并且反之亦然。
本发明基于如下认知：由于按照本发明的管道的层的至少一个表面的按照本发明的成型部，可以在管道的对应相邻的层之间实现非常有效且功能可靠的附接。这尤其是对于本发明的如下优选实施形式中产生，即两个相邻的层的两个相互连接的表面成型处理地构造，并且所述一层的成型部与另一层的成型部互补。还重要的是，按照本发明可以实现非常简单且较少耗费的装置的优点。按照本发明的成型部可以无问题地在挤出时或在共挤出时利用相应配备的挤出机制成。特别是，在按照本发明的机动车管道的层压复合物中的中间层可以特别牢固粘接地保持在复合物中并且具有如下优点：在化学影响下以及在热和机械应力下长期具有良好的粘接和附着。特别是按照本发明的成型部的粘接剂层被证实为非常有效。粘接剂层确保与其连接的各层的特别有效且牢固的连接。因此，省去用于改善粘接的其他费用并且就此而言按照本发明的管道具有较少耗费和较低成本的优点。
附图说明
以下基于示出仅一个实施例的附图详细描述本发明。图中示意性显示：
图1根据现有技术的多层或六层管道的横截面，
图2装备有根据本发明的成型部的多层或六层管道，
图3根据图2的实施例的立体图，
图4用于制造根据本发明的管道的挤出机的横截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图所示，在该实施例中，管道1一共具有六层2-7。设有一个中间阻挡层5，在其表面5.1和5.2上分别连接粘接剂层4和6。在内粘接剂层4上连接两个内层3和2，在外粘接剂层6上连接一个外层7。图1示出由现有技术已知的六层机动车管道。层表面、尤其是内粘接剂层4的表面4.1和4.2以及外粘接剂层6的表面6.1和6.2以及中间阻挡层5的两个表面5.1和5.2在此平整地或未经成型处理地构造。
而图2和图3则展示了根据本发明的管道。这里，根据本发明，内粘接剂层4的外侧表面4.2和外粘接剂层6的内侧表面6.1经成型处理地构造。该成型部具有最大部9和最小部10，其中，最大部9和与最大部9紧邻的最小部10之间的高度差Δh在1-20μm之间，优选在5-15μm之间。在该实施例中，最大部9和最小部10之间的高度差Δh为约10μm。最大部9和最小部10之间的高度差Δh符合目的地且在该实施例中作为最大部和最小部的径向间距测量。这在图2的放大局部中示出。优选地并且在本实施例中，阻挡层5的朝向内粘接剂层4的外侧表面4.2的内侧表面5.1也根据本发明经成型处理地构造。同样，阻挡层5的朝向外粘接剂层6的内侧表面6.1的外侧表面5.2也根据本发明经成型处理地构造。优选地并且在本实施例中，阻挡层5的表面5.1和5.2的成型部与粘接剂层4、6的各配设的表面4.2、6.1的成型部互补地构造。推荐的是，内粘接剂层4的外侧表面4.2的最大部9形状锁合地并且优选地力锁合地嵌接到阻挡层5的内侧表面5.1的最小部10中并且反之亦然。符合目的的是，外粘接剂层6的内侧表面6.1的最大部9形状锁合地并且优选也力锁合地嵌接到阻挡层5的外侧表面5.2的最小部10中并且反之亦然。因此同样，粘接剂层4、6与阻挡层5的抓持经由相互嵌接的成型部或者说最大部9和最小部10实现。沿管道1的圆周方向测量的、最大部9和与最大部9紧邻的最小部10之间的间距a优选为1-20μm之间，非常优选为5-15μm之间。尤其是在图2中可以看到，非常优选地并且在本实施例中，经成型处理的表面4.2、5.1、5.2、6.1的横截面波浪形地构造。在此通常获得或多或少不规则的波浪形结构。
在本实施例中，中间阻挡层5可以包括乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)。与该中间阻挡层连接的粘接剂层4、6符合目的地是基于聚酰胺的粘接剂层4、6。该中间阻挡层5的厚度优选地并且在本实施例中为0.1-0.2mm，如0.15mm。粘接剂层的厚度优选地并且在本实施例中为0.02-0.1mm，优选为0.03-0.07mm，如0.05mm。
根据本发明的多层机动车管道的各层根据本发明的优选实施形式包括热塑性塑料。在本发明中，根据本发明的多层机动车管道通过共挤出制造。图4展示了用于这种共挤出的挤出机11的截面图，可利用该挤出机11制造根据本发明的经成型处理的表面。为此，挤出机11具有带有径向横杆13的环形通道12。通过环形通道12中的这些径向横杆13，相关的各挤出层可具备根据本发明的经成型处理的或波浪形的表面。可以理解的是，如果需要制造其他经成型处理的表面，挤出机11可具有用于管道1各层的其他对应的环形通道12。但这些环形通道12在图4中没有进一步示出。就此而言，图4只是展示了挤出机11的一个简化的横截面。

Claims (13)

1.多层机动车管道、尤其是用于机动车的燃料管道，其中，该管道(1)具有至少两个塑料层、优选至少三个塑料层(4、5、6)，其中，至少一层的与另一层连接的表面经成型处理地构造，其中，成型部具有最大部(9)和最小部(10)，并且最大部(9)和与该最大部紧邻的最小部(10)之间的高度差Δh在1-100μm之间，优选在1-50μm之间，更优选在1-25μm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车管道，其中，另一层或第二层的与第一层的经成型处理的表面连接的表面同样经成型处理地构造，其中优选地，第二层的成型部同样具有最大部(9)和最小部(10)，并且最大部(9)和与其紧邻的最小部(10)之间的高度差Δh在1-100μm之间，优选在1-50μm之间，更优选在1-25μm之间.
3.根据权利要求1或2之一所述的机动车管道，其中，第一层的经成型处理的表面的最大部(9)形状锁合地并且优选力锁合地嵌接到第二层的经成型处理的表面的最小部(10)中并且反之亦然.
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的机动车管道，其中，至少一个经成型处理的层或该层的所述至少一个经成型处理的表面覆盖管道(1)的至少80％、优选至少90％并且更优选至少95％的圆周，并且特别优选覆盖管道(1)的整个圆周.
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的机动车管道，其中，经成型处理的表面的最大部(9)和与该最大部紧邻的最小部(10)之间的间距a在1-100μm之间、优选在1-50μm之间，更优选在1-25μm之间，特别优选在2-20μm之间.
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的机动车管道，其中，至少一个具有至少一个经成型处理的表面的层是该管道的这样的(中间)层，该层经由其两个表面分别与该管道的另一层相连.
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的机动车管道，其中，至少一个具有至少一个经成型处理的表面的层是该管道(1)的粘接剂层(4、6)，所述粘接剂层以至少一个经成型处理的表面连接到该管道(1)的另一层上、优选连接到该管道(1)的中间阻挡层(5)上.
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的机动车管道，其中，至少具有至少一个经成型处理的表面的层以及所述至少一个连接到该经成型处理的表面上的层通过共挤出制造.
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的机动车管道，其中，所述至少一个经成型处理的表面的成型部的横截面波浪形或波纹形地构造.
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的机动车管道，其中，所述至少一个经成型处理的表面的成型部以隆起和凹槽的形式构造，该隆起和凹槽优选沿该管道(1)的纵向延伸。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的机动车管道，其中，最大部(9)和与该最大部(9)紧邻的最小部(10)之间的高度差Δh在1-20μm之间，优选在2-15μm之间.
12.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的机动车管道，其中，设有至少两个、优选两个粘接剂层(4、6)，并且每个粘接剂层(4、6)的至少一个表面经成型处理地构造。
13.根据权利要求12所述的机动车管道，其中，在两个粘接剂层(4、6)之间连接有至少一个阻挡层(5)，并且这两个粘接剂层(4、6)以其经成型处理的表面直接连接到阻挡层的优选同样经成型处理的表面上。
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