CN105973821A - 一种检测赭曲霉毒素a的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：(1)Fe3O4MNPs‑ABTS‑H2O2反应体系的建立：(2)OTA标准曲线的制备；(3)待测样品检测。本发明的检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法仪器设备简单、灵敏度高、分析成本低，易于实现现场检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及真菌毒素检测领域，具体的说明涉及一种基于Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法。
背景技术
赭曲霉毒素是曲霉菌属和青霉菌属的某些菌株产生的二级代谢产物，包含7种结构类似的化合物，其中赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A，OTA)在自然界分布最广、毒性最强、对人类和动植物影响最大，具有致畸、致突变和致癌等作用。OTA的产毒菌株广泛地存在于自然中，因此它极可能通过食物链进入人体，从而对人体健康构成潜在威胁。因此，OTA的检测、监测与控制已成为各国日常食品安全管理的重要环节，而建立快速、灵敏的OTA检测方法极为重要。
目前OTA检测方法主要包括色谱法、免疫分析方法等。色谱法(如HPLC、GC-MS)可精确地进行定量和定性分析，但由于其操作复杂、设备昂贵及对样品纯度有较高要求，导致检测成本高、周期长，无法满足大批量样本快速筛查的需要。免疫分析法(如酶联免疫分析法、胶体金免疫层析法等)虽具有快速，简单，灵敏等优点，均需抗原抗体试剂，分析成本相对较高；且由于样品复杂，容易造成假阳性。
近期Alonso-Lomillo课题组基于HRP催化H2O2氧化OTA反应机理，制备HRP修饰的电化学传感器用于实现对OTA的快速检测，检测限达到ng级。然而辣根过氧化物酶由于自身的局限性，如对热敏感、稳定性差、来源有限及费用昂贵等，严重限制了其大规模开发和应用。
因此，亟待建立一种快速、灵敏、可靠的OTA检测手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系的建立：在pH＝4.0的0.2M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中分别加入Fe3O4MNPs、H2O2和ABTS，建立反应体系；
其中Fe3O4MNPs、H2O2和ABTS的加入量浓度参照以下比例：将10μL5.0mg/mL Fe3O4MNPs、100μL 1M H2O2和24μL 0.1M ABTS加入到866μL 0.2M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH＝4.0)；
(2)OTA标准曲线的制备：在上述反应体系中加入不同浓度的OTA，45-60℃中反应至少10min，然后在外加磁铁作用下，去除Fe3O4MNPs，测定溶液的吸光度，建立OTA浓度与吸光度的标准曲线；
(3)待测样品检测：将待测样品用84/16的乙腈/水进行提取，提取液加入Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系，45-60℃中反应至少10min，去除Fe3O4MNPs，测定溶液的吸光度，对比标准曲线得到待测样品中的OTA浓度。
本发明的检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法是基于Fe3O4MNPs的类过氧化物酶催化活性，构建了Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系，根据反应体系中OTA降解会消耗H2O2，进而会影响反应体系中H2O2氧化ABTS生成的有色氧化态ABTS的量的机理，建立了一种快速检测OTA的比色分析方法。该方法仪器设备简单、灵敏度高、分析成本低，易于实现现场检测，具有潜在应用价值。
附图说明
图1吸收度光谱图比较(在含有2.4mM ABTS的乙酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 4.0)中分别加入(a)Fe3O4MNPs；(b)H2O2；(b′)H2O2和OTA；(c)H2O2和Fe3O4MNPs；(c′)H2O2、OTA及Fe3O4MNP；然后在45℃水浴中反应10min后的吸收度光谱图。H2O2和OTA终浓度分别为0.1mol/L及15ppb,Fe3O4MNPs含量为50mg/L。)
图2赭曲霉毒素A的标准曲线(417nm处在反应体系Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2中不加入OTA及加入OTA后的吸光度差值(ΔAbs)与OTA浓度变化关系曲线。)
具体实施方式
下面给出的实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。本发明是结合最佳实施例进行描述的，然而在阅读本发明实例后，本领域技术人员能领会并在公开的实施中做许多改变也可获得相同或类似的结果，均属于本发明的构思和范围。更具体的说，有些试剂可替代本文所公开的试剂而得到相同或类似结果。所有类似的取代或修饰均被认为本发明的构思和范围，所有上述等价形式均属于本发明权利要求书限定的范围。
原料来源：
(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、赭曲霉毒素(OTA)购买于Sigma-Aldrich公司(美国)；FeCl3、FeCl2、NH3·H2O和30％H2O2购买于上海化学试剂公司；其余所用试剂均为分析纯，实验用水为二次去离子水。乙酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 4.0)由乙酸和乙酸钠配制而成。
实施例1Fe3O4MNPs的制备与催化活性确认
Fe3O4MNPs制备
首先，分别配置10mL 1M的FeCl3和2mL 2M的FeCl2溶液，溶剂均为2M盐酸溶液，之后将两种溶液混合，通氮除氧10min后将95.3mL的0.7M NH3·H2O加入上述混合溶液中，在室温下氮气环境中搅拌30min；合成结束后将形成的Fe3O4颗粒用磁铁分离，水洗三次后在氮气中干燥，于4℃下保存，备用。实验前取0.15g Fe3O4MNPs重新分散于30mL水中(浓度为5.0mg/mL),待用。
Fe3O4MNPs的仿生酶催化活性的确认
将10μL Fe3O4MNPs、100μL 1M H2O2和24μL 0.1M ABTS加入到866μL 0.2M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH＝4.0)；然后把该混合物放到45℃中反应10min,最后，在外加磁铁作用下，去除Fe3O4MNPs。取50μL反应液加入到150μL水中，稀释，混合均匀，通过紫外-可见吸收光谱仪测定溶液吸光度。
结果：如图1(a)所示，如没有H2O2参加反应，ABTS和Fe3O4MNPs的反应液不会出现任何吸收峰，颜色为无色。而在ABTS溶液中加入H2O2后，如(b)和(c)所示，无论反应液中是否加入Fe3O4MNPs，ABTS都可以被H2O2氧化，生成的氧化态ABTS，并在417nm处出现吸收峰，颜色也出现不同的变化。但是在(b)和(c)中，在加入Fe3O4MNPs后，生成的氧化态ABTS的吸收峰强度明显强于不加入Fe3O4MNPs的，表明所制备的Fe3O4MNPs确实可以更好地催化H2O2氧化ABTS的反应。
实施例2反应体系的建立和验证
(1)Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系的建立：将10μL 5.0mg/mL Fe3O4MNPs、100μL 1M H2O2和24μL 0.1M ABTS加入到866μL 0.2M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH＝4.0)；
对反应体系的重现性及稳定性进行验证：
相同条件下，在5组Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2平行反应体系中，分别加入15ppb OTA，测定的吸光度值相对标准偏差仅为4.6％，表明建立的比色分析法对OTA的检测具有良好的重现性。另外，采用所建立的方法对15ppb OTA每天测定一次，连续测定10天，吸光度值的相对标准偏差仅为3.5％，表示所建立的检测方法具有很好的稳定性。
在含有ABTS和H2O2溶液中加入OTA后(如图1中(b')和(c')所示)，反应液在417nm处的吸收峰都明显减小，表明无论加入与不加入Fe3O4MNPs，OTA都会消耗在ABTS-H2O2反应体系中的H2O2。但是，对比Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2-OTA和ABTS-H2O2-OTA反应体系分别引起的吸光度的变化，可以发现在Fe3O4MNPs催化下，加入OTA后反应液的吸收峰值(c')比不加OTA(c)降低了；而在没有催化剂Fe3O4MNPs作用下，其吸收值降低程度较小(b和b')。上述实验结果证实，Fe3O4MNPs可以催化H2O2氧化OTA的反应，并消耗反应体系中的H2O2进而影响整个反应体系的溶液吸光度值。
实施例3OTA标准曲线的制备：
在Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系中分别加入不同浓度的OTA(1.0ppb,2.0ppb,5.0ppb,10ppb,20ppb,50ppb,80ppb和100ppb)，45℃中反应10min，然后在外加磁铁作用下，去除Fe3O4MNPs，测定溶液的吸光度，建立OTA浓度与417nm处反应体系在不加入OTA和加入OTA后吸光度差值(ΔAbs)的标准曲线；
结果如图2所示，随着OTA浓度不断增加，反应液在417nm处的吸光度值随之线性减小，同时，其⊿Abs也随OTA浓度在范围内1.0～100μg/kg线性增大，线性相关系数为0.9973。采用该方法所得OTA的最低检测限为0.5μg/kg，表明在Fe3O4MNPs催化作用下，我们所建立的Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系对OTA的检测具有较好的灵敏度。
实施例4检测应用
样品处理方法：取市场随机采集的大米和玉米，粉碎后过筛。取2g，加入10mL 84/16的乙腈/水溶液(v/v)超声1小时提取，离心，收集提取液。取5mL提取液，45℃氮气吹干，1mL 20/80甲醇水溶液(v/v)复溶后，检测分析。
检测结果：在大米和玉米样品中均未检出OTA。
在上述样品中加入不同浓度水平的OTA(1.00、5.00、20.0μg/kg)，加标回收实验结果如表1所示。在大米和玉米样品中OTA的平均回收率分别为85.0～92.5％，80.0～92.0％，RSD均小于5.0％(n＝5)，表明在实际样品测定中，采用该方法所得实验数据可靠，有望用于其它粮谷中OTA的检测分析。
表1.实际样品回收率的测定
Claims (1)
1.一种检测赭曲霉毒素A的方法，其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系的建立：在pH＝4.0的0.2M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中分别加入Fe3O4MNPs、H2O2和ABTS，建立反应体系；
(2)OTA标准曲线的制备：在上述反应体系中加入不同浓度的OTA，45-60℃中反应至少10min，然后在外加磁铁作用下，去除Fe3O4MNPs，测定溶液的吸光度，建立OTA浓度与吸光度的标准曲线；
(3)待测样品检测：将待测样品用84/16的乙腈/水进行提取，提取液加入Fe3O4MNPs-ABTS-H2O2反应体系，45-60℃中反应至少10min，去除Fe3O4MNPs，测定溶液的吸光度，对比标准曲线得到待测样品中的OTA浓度。
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