CN1059605C - 过滤器,尤其液体过滤器 - Google Patents

过滤器,尤其液体过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1059605C
CN1059605C CN95119905A CN95119905A CN1059605C CN 1059605 C CN1059605 C CN 1059605C CN 95119905 A CN95119905 A CN 95119905A CN 95119905 A CN95119905 A CN 95119905A CN 1059605 C CN1059605 C CN 1059605C
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H·厄曼斯德夫
H·施托茨
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Mann and Hummel GmbH
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    • B01D29/902—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding containing fixed liquid displacement elements or cores
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Abstract

提出一种过滤器，尤其带有一个基本上同心的滤芯(10)、该滤芯被径向地从外向内流过的液体过滤器。在滤芯(10)上设置一个粗大污物的收集空间。该收集空间由一个管构成，这个管从下端圆盘(13)测量起，紧靠在或粘贴在滤芯(10)上，至少延伸至滤芯的一半长度。

Description

过滤器，尤其液体过滤器
本发明涉及一种过滤器，尤其是一种按照独立权利要求的前序部分的液体过滤器。
由GB2226254A已知一种同心装配的过滤器。这种过滤器由一种折叠成Z字形的滤纸构成，该过滤器具有端圆盘和端密封。滤纸设置在一根中间管上。为了在装入状态收集粗大污物，至少一个端圆盘配备一个环状的收集空间。这个环状收集空间应当防止粗大污物沉积在过滤器壳中。为了避免错误装配，两个端圆盘配备这样的收集空间。
这种滤芯的缺点在于，如果这种类型的收集空间真正有能力收集大量的粗大污物，它也必须具有一个与滤芯直径相比显著大的直径。因此整个过滤器需要一个较大的结构体积。
此外，另一个缺点在于，因为这种收集空间由端圆盘构成，所以它仅具有极小的高度，因此容量受到限制。
本发明的任务在于创造一种带有滤芯的过滤器，该滤芯对于截留粗大污物具有显著高的效率，同时在该过滤器中滤芯在结构上不需要较高的开支。
这个任务是从独立权利要求的前序部分出发，通过所示的其特征部分来解决的。
本发明的主要优点在于，端圆盘本身不构成收集空间，而是一根管延伸经过过滤器的组成部分长度。这根较紧地紧贴在滤芯上的管子充分利用过滤器容积的容量。尤其在涉及折叠成Z字形的滤芯的过滤器容积是相当大的。这里折叠间隔可以作为粗大污物的存储容积来使用。因此一个如在现有技术中描述的环状槽在本发明中不再需要。
按照一种有利的构成，管子由一种细眼的筛用织物或有微孔的纸或有微孔的柔韧无纺布构成。在此情况下如此选择筛用织物的筛眼大小或无纺布的气孔大小，即可靠地防止污物排出。筛用织物或无纺布的优点在于，在更换滤芯时，也就是在取出滤芯时，此时仍然留在滤芯中的液体较快地流光，不必须和滤芯一起取出并除去。
可以考虑一种用于上述管子构成的选择变形方案，该管子由钻孔的金属薄板或钻孔的硬纸板制成。这些钻孔在此也用于在取出滤芯时使液体迅速流光。
按照本发明的另一种构成，在外壳内设置一个接通过滤器。该接通滤器的任务是，在滤芯严重污染时，即当待净化液体侧和净化的液体侧之间的压差超过规定值时，承担过滤液体。为此例如在滤芯的中间管内设置一个阀。这个阀经过接通过滤器打开一个旁路，在主过滤器严重堵塞时，液体通过该阀流过。这个接通过滤器同样可以由一种折叠成Z字形的过滤元件或一种具有极小筛眼的筛用织物构成。在油流向接通过滤器时污物收集管防止冲洗掉沉积在主过滤器上的粒子。
按照本发明的另一种构成是在过滤器壳内预先设置一个底部排出阀。为了更换滤芯，首先移去外壳盖。随着移去外壳盖例如可以通过一个中央螺钉打开底部阀。
当然也有这种可能性，即这个底部排出阀与滤器插头连接，以便在从过滤器壳取出滤芯时，才可能打开。
本发明也描述一种滤芯，该滤芯用一种纸管或纸板套管包围，其中这个管形成用于粗大污物的收集空间。在一种变形方案中，这个管由一种筛用织物或一种柔韧无纺布构成。也存在这种可能性，即管布置在滤芯的两端。因此滤芯的安装位置变得不重要，这就是说该部件可以以任何位置装入到外壳中。在此情况下，形成两个污物收集空间，其中在过滤器工作期间实际上只需要一个污物收集空间。
除了从权利要求书外，从说明书和附图也可以知道本发明优选的进一步构成的这些和其他特征，其中在本发明的实施形式中和在其他方面，各个特征总是单独或者更多以结合形式实现，并且对于在此要求保护的实施，能够显示有利的及本身有保护能力的实施。
下面借助实施例解释本发明。
图1表示一种滤芯。
图2表示一种在图1中所示的滤芯的变种。
图3以局部断面描述表示一种替换过滤器。
图4表示另一种变形的滤芯。
图1所示的滤芯10由一个折叠成Z字形的过滤元件11组成。过滤器材料例如是纸或筛用织物或无纺布。过滤元件11在端部备有端圆盘12和13。这些端圆盘稍微向内延伸到中心开口中，并向外延伸过滤器元件的外围。过滤元件11插在在此仅部分描述的过滤器壳15的同心伸出部分14上，并且径向密封地固定在这个伸出部分上。
用于待净化液体的进口16和用于净化液体的排出口17配备一个底部排出阀或维护阀18。在从外壳移滤芯时，维护阀，即装有O型环19、20的闭锁销钉21向上拔出，并开通一个排出孔22。存在于待净化侧和净化侧的液体经过这个排出孔22排出，并且紧接着可以取出滤芯10。
为了收集粗大污物，用一个管状套管或一个管23包围滤芯10。这个管从下端圆盘13延伸至滤芯高度的四分之三。该管例如由一种纸或硬纸板材料构成。要净化的液体按照箭头24流入过滤元件，并分布整个滤器皱折进行净化，按照箭头25经过滤芯的中间开口和出口17离开过滤装置。只要粗大污物与要净化的液体一起引入，这种粗大污物就沉积在过滤介质的皱折上。在取出滤芯时，以管23为基础保证这些粗大污物不随流出的液体向下并由此到达出口17或排出孔22。此外，也不存在粗大污物聚集在外壳内的危险。
下面描述的图2示出一种变形方案。滤芯10同样具有端圆盘12和13，并且也通过一个伸出部分14固定在只部分描述的过滤器壳15上。管或管状元件23延伸滤芯10的整个外表面，并在上部区设置开口26。要净化的液体经过这个开口26按照箭头24流动。在这个变形方案中，经过开口26流入的粗大污物也沉淀在滤芯的皱折内。当然应如此限定开口26，即最大可能地使粗大污物部分进入。在此情况下皱折空隙造成一个用于粗大污物的贮器或收集空间。
不仅在图1而且在图2中，管23可以由一种柔韧的筛用织物或无纺布构成。这种筛用织物有下述优点，即在取出滤芯时，还处在滤芯中的液体可以流光。
这样一种筛用织物的另一个优点在于，它具有某种程度的直径柔韧性，并以此适应滤芯的外部尺寸。
图3表示一个替换过滤元件的局部断面描述。这个替换过滤器元件由一个带有底板28的外壳27构成。通过这个底板28替换元件可拧紧在连接板上。要净化的液体经过一个待净化液体进口29进入过滤器中。净化过的液体在中间开口30排出。这样一种替换元件不仅在内燃机中用于净化油，而且用于净化汽油或柴油。在外壳27内有一个第一滤芯10。这个滤芯是一个精滤器并且由一种纸或筛用织物构成。一个污物收集管31与滤芯10的下端圆盘13连接。在此情况下也将粗大污物截留在由污物收集管31形成的收集空间中。
设置另一个接通过滤器32。它也由一种纸或筛用织物构成并在滤芯10已严重污染或者要过滤的液体具有本来高的粘性，不允许通过滤芯10的精滤器进行过滤的情况下，用于过滤液体。
不仅滤器插头10而且接通过滤器32配备有一个阀。这个阀33例如这样控制，即在0.5巴的开启压力时打开。这意味着，当待净化液体侧和净化液体侧之间的压差是0.5巴时，接通过滤器32工作。接通过滤器32内的阀34设计为1巴的开启压力。这个阀是一个用于过滤元件旁通的旁通阀，并且当液体过冷和粘性相当高、不能短时间地过滤液体时是特别有效的。
在此所示的结构的优点在于，污物在形成有效地接通过滤器中可不被精滤器冲掉。以此防止滤出的细小污物经过稍粗大的接通过滤器引向储藏部位。此外防止来自精滤器的粗大污物降低接通过滤器的寿命。
在图4中表示一个具有污物收集管31的滤芯10，该污物收集管固定在下端圆盘31上。为了防止污物进入滤芯10和过滤器壳15之间的空隙35中，制成收集元件的不同变形。污物收集管31例如可以配备一个漏斗形环状物36。也可以在污物收集管31的上端卷边(凸缘37)。在图4的左半断面示出一个无纺布环状物38。该无纺布环状物也防止污物进入下部中间空隙。可以将这个无纺布环状物38配置在污物收集管31的上部区。无纺布环状物38例如与污物收集管31超声波焊接在一起。

Claims (9)

1.过滤器，尤其带有一个基本上同心的滤芯、该滤芯被径向地从外向内流过并在其端部具有端圆盘的液体过滤器，该滤芯带有一个过滤器壳、一个未加工液体进口和一个净化液体出口，其中在滤芯上设置一个粗大污物的收集空间，其特征在于，从下端圆盘(13)测量起，一个紧靠在或粘贴在滤芯(10)上的管(31)至少延伸到滤芯(10)的一半长度，尤其是大于20mm长度。
2.权利要求1所述的过滤器，其特征在于，管(31)由一种细眼的筛用织物、纸或柔韧无纺布构成。
3.权利要求1所述的过滤器，其特征在于，管(31)由一种钻孔金属薄板或钻孔的硬纸板构成。
4.上述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的过滤器，其特征在于，在滤芯(10)的下方设置一个接通过滤器(32)，并设置一个最低压力阀(33)，该最低压力阀在待净化液体侧和净化液体侧之间  的规定压差下使接通过滤器(32)动作。
5.上述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的过滤器，其特征在于，在外壳中设置一个底部排出阀(18)，它在取出滤芯(10)时打开。
6.滤芯，尤其是在权利要求1的过滤器中使用的滤芯，其特征在于，它基本上由一种折叠成Z字形的过滤材料构成并同心地形成，其中在其端部设置端圆盘(12、13)，从下端圆盘(13)测量起，至少向上延伸一个构成外套的管(23)，并且该管(23)在上部区或中间区具有进入口或者开口。
7.权利要求6所述的滤芯，其特征在于，管(23)是一种细眼的筛用织物、柔韧无纺布或带有类似过滤介质的气孔直径的纸。
8.权利要求6所述的滤芯，其特征在于，管(23)与端圆盘固定连接。
9.上述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的滤芯，其特征在于，在污物收集管(31)上设置一个收集部件(36、37、38)。
CN95119905A 1994-11-08 1995-11-08 过滤器,尤其液体过滤器 Expired - Fee Related CN1059605C (zh)

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DE4439815A DE4439815C2 (de) 1994-11-08 1994-11-08 Filter, insbesondere Flüssigkeitsfilter
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ATE201607T1 (de) 2001-06-15
DE4439815C2 (de) 2001-06-07
EP0711588A1 (de) 1996-05-15
DE4439815A1 (de) 1996-05-09
BR9504921A (pt) 1997-09-02
CN1130538A (zh) 1996-09-11
KR100362759B1 (ko) 2003-02-11
DE59509302D1 (de) 2001-07-05
KR960016934A (ko) 1996-06-17
MX9504603A (es) 1997-04-30
EP0711588B1 (de) 2001-05-30

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