CN105952383A - Drill bit, drilling tool and partial underbalance drilling method - Google Patents
Drill bit, drilling tool and partial underbalance drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105952383A CN105952383A CN201610518041.9A CN201610518041A CN105952383A CN 105952383 A CN105952383 A CN 105952383A CN 201610518041 A CN201610518041 A CN 201610518041A CN 105952383 A CN105952383 A CN 105952383A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- KEUKAQNPUBYCIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethaneperoxoic acid;hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.CC(=O)OO KEUKAQNPUBYCIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
- E21B21/085—Underbalanced techniques, i.e. where borehole fluid pressure is below formation pressure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a drill bit, a drilling tool provided with the drill bit and a drilling method for realizing partial underbalance drilling by adopting the drilling tool. Annular high-speed jet flow is formed by periodically spraying high-pressure drilling liquid through a high-pressure nozzle arranged at the bottom of the drill bit; and a water hole nozzle is used for spraying drilling liquid which is at a relative negative pressure state, and a negative-pressure region is formed in high-pressure annular jet flow, so that a partial underbalance state is periodically formed at the shaft bottom and rock burst is induced. Based on an underbalance drilling principle, the partial underbalance drilling is formed at the shaft bottom and well pressure above a partial underbalance region is greater than formation pressure; and a mechanical drilling speed is increased, the limitation of an underbalance drilling technology can be overcome, the safety of a drilling process and the smoothness of the drilling work are guaranteed, and the drilling efficiency and the production benefits are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drilling engineering technical field in petroleum natural gas exploration, be specifically related to a kind of drill bit, be configured with this brill
The drilling tool of head and use the local under balance pressure drilling method of this drilling tool drilling well.
Background technology
Drilling engineering accounts for more than the 50% of oil and gas development cost, and investment is big and risk is high, and improving drilling efficiency is to reduce exploration and development
The optimal path of cost, the important goal that Ye Shiyou company, drilling contractor and technical service company are always pursued.Nearly 2 years,
International oil price is greatly lowered, and competition is the fiercest, and oil company only more focuses on efficient drilling well, cost efficiency, has
Core technology, could obtain competitive advantage, tides over " severe winter ".Obviously, improve drilling speed, reduction drilling cost is current oil
One of technology that engineering field is badly in need of.
At present, oil and gas well drilling method mainly has: rotary drilling, rotating drilling and under balance pressure drilling；Other drilling well side
Method, if laser drill, plasma drilling well and superhigh pressure jetting boring method etc. are also in the exploratory development stage.Along with deep-well, surpass
Deep-well, easy inclined shaft, hard formation, horizontal well and the extended reach well ratio shared by oil drilling is increasing, runs in deep-well
Hard formation and firm hard formation use that conventional rotary drilling method rock breaking efficiency is poor, drilling efficiency is low, the hole deviation problem in deep-well
Also become increasingly conspicuous；In horizontal well and extended reach well drilling, along with the increase of horizontal displacement, the pressurization of horizontal well is increasingly difficult, bores
The damage of tool is even more serious.
The utility model patent of China Patent No. CN203742436U discloses a kind of energetic disturbance and breaks rock drilling tool, its concrete scheme bag
Include: mandrel is located in urceolus, and urceolus is connected by spline with mandrel；Turbine sleeve is located in urceolus, and its upper end leads to air deflector
Crossing screw thread link, be provided with rubber seal in the cannelure in the middle part of it, its lower end is threaded connection with the upper end of mandrel；Whirlpool
Wheel is located at turbine sleeve inner, and turbine is fixed in the shaft core of air deflector, and the lower end of turbine is with rotating eccentricity valve block by screw thread even
Connect；The lower surface of rotating eccentricity valve block is in close contact with the upper surface of fixing eccentric valve block, fixes the upper end of eccentric valve block and mandrel
It is threaded connection.In drilling process, drilling fluid makes turbine rotate, then is rotated by turbine drive moving valve plate, makes moving valve plate
And the valid circulation area cyclically-varying between fixing valve block, thus produce Water Hammer, form the dynamic load of periodically soft change
Lotus, the dead load produced with drilling tool deadweight, jointly act on rock, it is achieved rock is broken in heavily stressed disturbance.
The patent of China Patent No. CN104594801A, on the basis of above-mentioned patent, discloses a kind of energetic disturbance and breaks rock drilling tool,
Its concrete scheme includes: this disturbance is broken rock drilling tool and included anti-lost assembly, motor assembly, driving-shaft assembly and disturbance assembly, is profit
Be converted to gear with existing screw drive shaft housing and mandrel relative motion rotate, finally realize disturbance assembly and produce periodically water
Hit power, and be collectively forming the pressure of the drill with the gravity of top BHA, it is achieved rock is broken in heavily stressed disturbance, improves rate of penetration.
At present, summarizing Mechanism of Rockburst Occurred the most clearly is that the generation of rock burst needs the condition possessing two aspects: inside rock mass
Being in high-stress state, say, that the existence of high storage bodies, this is the endogenous cause of ill of rock burst；The triggering of some additional load is rock
The exopathogenic factor of quick-fried generation.Technology disclosed in above-mentioned two patent is all to export mechanicals efforts by drilling tool, in drilling process, bores
Head is not only conducted oneself with dignity the pressure of the drill of providing by top drilling tool, the periodic disturbance power also produced by tool interior, its force action in
Drill bit, makes the similar sinusoidal rule change of the pressure of the drill, disturbance rock, makes rock periodically unloading, cause rock burst, thus improve broken rock
Efficiency.By heavily stressed+energetic disturbance rock breaking method introduce oil drilling, be one utilize deep formation rock itself belong to storage bodies,
And rock belongs to discontinuous phase, lure generation cracks can spread or the method for rock burst by outside machinery, be that one is different from conventional brill
Well breaks the most promising new method of rock, but the two kinds of tool construction complexity announced at present, cost of manufacture are high, owing to using machine
Tool active force breaks rock, and drilling tool is relatively low for service life, and functional reliability is the highest, improves drilling cost accordingly, also to a certain degree
On limit the rotating speed of drilling tool, affect drilling efficiency.
Underbalanced drilling is again under balance pressure drilling, refers to that bottom pressure is less than strata pressure when drilling well, and the fluid on stratum has control
Enter pit shaft, and be recycled to the technology on ground.The brill that during under balance pressure drilling, the nineties in 20th century is fast-developing in the world
Well new technique.It was verified that under-balanced drilling technology can significantly improve rate of penetration.
Under balance pressure drilling, owing to bottom pressure is less than strata pressure, in rock break-off process, near drill bit, rock constantly unloads stress,
Release energy, meet two conditions that rock burst occurs: rock is broken in heavily stressed+disturbance coupling.In drilling process, pass through drilling tool
To drill bit input disturbance power, make rock periodically unloading stress, release energy, thus meet two conditions that rock burst occurs；Cause
This, the essence of under-balanced drilling technology speed-raising is also constantly to induce Rock-burst at drilling process, and rock breaking mechanism belongs to heavily stressed and disturbs
Dynamic broken rock.
But under-balanced drilling technology has some limitations:
(1) in drilling well overall process, bottom pressure is less than strata pressure, and the borehole wall is susceptible to unstability of caving in；Stratum is understood water outlet and contains
H2S。
(2) phenomenons such as down-hole blasting, bit freezing, corrosion can be produced.
(3) risk that well is out of control is high, it is impossible to ooze stratum for high pressure height, particularly high-pressure gas well.
(4) needing the ground special equipment of bulky complex, manufacturability is poor, high in cost of production.
Summary of the invention
The present embodiments relate to a kind of drill bit, be configured with the drilling tool of this drill bit and use the local of this drilling tool drilling well to owe
Balanced drilling method, according to the principle of under balance pressure drilling, directly utilizes hydraulic principle near the drill bit of shaft bottom and realizes locally owing flat
Weighing apparatus drilling well, makes the rock immediately below drill bit constantly unload stress, realize rock burst, to improve efficiency of breaking rock, overcomes underbalance simultaneously
The limitation of drilling well.
The present embodiments relate to a kind of drill bit, including housing, described housing bottom is provided with multiple high pressure nozzle and at least one water
Eye nozzle, in multiple high pressure nozzles are circular layout and are surrounded on by each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；It is provided with in described housing:
Bypass flow channel mechanism to each described high pressure nozzle conveying drilling fluid；
Intermediate flow channel mechanism to each described hydrophthalmia nozzle conveying drilling fluid；
For periodically making the drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity produce the booster body of water attack supercharging；
Runner controlling organization, it is introduced to described bypass flow channel machine for the drilling fluid that intensified mechanism is pressurized to preset pressure
Structure, and pressure is introduced to described central flow channel mechanism less than the drilling fluid of this preset pressure.
As one of embodiment, described booster body included water swivel, upper valve block, lower disc and lower valve base, described lower valve base
It is positioned at below described water swivel excessively and is embedded in described housing cavity；
Described upper valve block is fixedly arranged on bottom described water swivel excessively and has and described the first through hole crossing water swivel inner space, described
Lower disc is fixedly arranged on described lower valve base top and has the second through hole, and described first through hole sets with the axial offset of described second through hole
Put and each parallel to the axis of described housing；
Described cross water swivel by peripheral hardware power set drive and can in described housing cavity left and right reciprocally swinging and on move down
Dynamic, make described upper valve block and described lower disc closely against and make described first through hole be staggered with described second through hole or overlap formation
The periodically variable flow channels of area of passage；Described flow channels turns on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle.
As one of embodiment, described bypass flow channel mechanism is located in described housing wall；
Described runner controlling organization includes that plunger and resetting-mechanism, described plunger are embedded in described housing cavity, described lower disc
Being fixedly arranged on described plunger head, described plunger i.e. constitutes described lower valve base；Described plunger has the lumen therethrough of up/down perforation and by institute
State flow channels to turn on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；
Area of passage from large to small during, the drilling fluid of the water attack pressurized state formed in described housing drives under described plunger
Shifting makes described bypass flow channel mechanism turn on described housing cavity；During area of passage changes from small to big, described resetting-mechanism drives
Moving on described plunger resets closes described bypass flow channel mechanism.
As one of embodiment, described lower valve base is fixing with described housing cavity to be connected, and described lower valve base has passing through of up/down perforation
Described flow channels is also turned on by passage flow duct with each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；
Described bypass flow channel mechanism is located in described housing wall, its arrival end be positioned at above described lower valve base and with described housing cavity
Conducting.
As one of embodiment, each described hydrophthalmia upstream side of the injector is respectively positioned on described housing axis, and each described high pressure nozzle enters
Mouth end is the 1/4 of described diameter of the housing with the distance of described housing axis.
As one of embodiment, the blowing direction of each described high pressure nozzle is all from hull outside direction described in described housing axis alignment
Tilt.
As one of embodiment, the angle between blowing direction and the described housing axis of each described high pressure nozzle is all at 7 °～10 °
In the range of.
As one of embodiment, described bypass flow channel mechanism includes multiple tracks bypass flow channel, and each described bypass flow channel is all from described housing
Offering formation by-pass prot at inwall, the quantity of described bypass flow channel is no less than the quantity of described high pressure nozzle.
The present embodiments relate to a kind of drilling tool, including drill bit as above.
As one of embodiment, described booster body included water swivel, upper valve block, lower disc and lower valve base, described lower valve base
It is positioned at below described water swivel excessively and is embedded in described housing cavity；
Described upper valve block is fixedly arranged on bottom described water swivel excessively and has and described the first through hole crossing water swivel inner space, described
Lower disc is fixedly arranged on described lower valve base top and has the second through hole, and described first through hole sets with the axial offset of described second through hole
Put and each parallel to the axis of described housing；
Described cross water swivel by peripheral hardware power set drive and can in described housing cavity left and right reciprocally swinging and on move down
Dynamic, make described upper valve block and described lower disc closely against and make described first through hole be staggered with described second through hole or overlap formation
The periodically variable flow channels of area of passage；Described flow channels turns on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle., described drill bit top is fixed
Connection has energy conversion device, described energy conversion device to include, and stator and rotor, described rotor are positioned at the cavity of described stator
And can left and right reciprocally swinging and moving along described axis stator wherein, described rotor bottom is connected with described water swivel of crossing.
As one of embodiment, described bypass flow channel mechanism is located in described housing wall；
Described runner controlling organization includes that plunger and resetting-mechanism, described plunger are embedded in described housing cavity, described lower disc
Being fixedly arranged on described plunger head, described plunger i.e. constitutes described lower valve base；Described plunger has the lumen therethrough of up/down perforation and by institute
State flow channels to turn on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；
Area of passage from large to small during, the drilling fluid of the water attack pressurized state formed in described housing drives under described plunger
Shifting makes described bypass flow channel mechanism turn on described housing cavity；During area of passage changes from small to big, described resetting-mechanism drives
Moving on described plunger resets closes described bypass flow channel mechanism.
As one of embodiment, each described hydrophthalmia upstream side of the injector is respectively positioned on described housing axis, and each described high pressure nozzle enters
Mouth end is the 1/4 of described diameter of the housing with the distance of described housing axis.
As one of embodiment, the blowing direction of each described high pressure nozzle is all from hull outside direction described in described housing axis alignment
Tilt.
As one of embodiment, the angle between blowing direction and the described housing axis of each described high pressure nozzle is all at 7 °～10 °
In the range of.
As one of embodiment, described energy conversion device is screw motor.
The present embodiments relate to a kind of local under balance pressure drilling method, use drilling tool as above, described method is concrete
Including:
Described drilling tool is assembled with conventional BHA；
Booster body periodically makes the drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity produce water attack supercharging；
During water attack supercharging, the intensified drilling fluid to preset pressure is introduced into described bypass flow channel mechanism, by high pressure drilling
Liquid is delivered to injection at each high pressure nozzle and, to shaft bottom, forms annular high-speed jet in shaft bottom, and the mud flow rate of hydrophthalmia nozzle is fast
Prompt drop is low and this part drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure, thus forms the negative pressuren zone surrounded by annular high-speed jet, at negative pressuren zone
Interior formation under-balanced state；Transport of Drilling Cutting In A outside negative pressuren zone returns along the annular space between described drilling tool and stratum, negative
Overbalance state is formed between space and stratum in well more than nip；
In addition to during water attack supercharging At All Other Times in, pressure less than the drilling fluid of described preset pressure by described central flow channel mechanism
Being transported at each hydrophthalmia nozzle spray to shaft bottom, borehole pressure recovers normal；
Along with the generation drilling fluid water attack supercharging phenomenon of housing periodically, periodically form local under-balanced state in shaft bottom,
Break rock realizing continuous heavily stressed disturbance, induce rock burst.
As one of embodiment, booster body periodically makes the drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity produce water attack increasing by sinusoidal rule
Pressure.
The embodiment of the present invention at least achieves following beneficial effect:
(1) by arranging high pressure nozzle and hydrophthalmia nozzle bottom drill bit, by the formation drilling fluid water attack in drill bit periodically
Pressurized state, the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid that water attack produces enters high pressure nozzle, owing to drill bit is at shaft bottom high speed rotating, makes from high pressure nozzle
The drilling fluid ejected forms annular high-speed jet, by eject from hydrophthalmia nozzle relatively for negative pressure state drilling fluid with carry
Return drilling fluid on landwaste to separate；The mud flow rate flowing through hydrophthalmia nozzle reduces rapidly, and drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure,
Shaft bottom forms negative pressuren zone.On the one hand form local under balance pressure drilling in shaft bottom, make bottom rock constantly unload, rock burst occurs；Logical
Cross and periodically form local underbalance in shaft bottom, it is achieved locally under balance pressure drilling, be effectively improved rate of penetration.On the other hand,
Locally in annular space more than underbalance region, drilling liquid pressure is more than strata pressure, forms overbalance state, therefore overcomes deficient
The limitation of balanced drilling technology: in the present invention, drilling well overall process, locally borehole pressure more than underbalance region is equivalent to often
Borehole pressure during rule drilling well, therefore wellbore stability；Stratum will not water outlet and containing H2S；Will not produce down-hole blasting, bit freezing,
Corrosion etc.；Well risk out of control is low, high pressure height is oozed stratum, particularly high-pressure gas well, does not fears；Without bulky complex
Ground special equipment, good manufacturability, low cost etc..
(2) and prior art realizes heavily stressed disturbance mechanically and break technique (two as mentioned in the background of rock
Part patent) to compare, the drilling tool structure that the present invention uses is the simplest, and cost of manufacture is low；In drilling process, spudder
Tool the most directly produces mechanical force, does not contacts with stratum, on the one hand can be effectively improved drilling speed, and then improve drilling efficiency, and drop
Low broken rock difficulty and drilling well energy consumption, on the other hand, can protect drilling tool, is effectively improved reliability and the service life of tool work.
(3) present invention provides drilling tool and local under balance pressure drilling method do not have particular/special requirement to conventional BHA, with
The measurement while drilling instrument compatibility such as MWD are high, and the suitability is wider.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or prior art
In description, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only the one of the present invention
A little embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to according to these
Accompanying drawing obtains other accompanying drawing.
The structural representation of the drill bit that Fig. 1 provides for embodiment two；
Fig. 2 be under spring stretched condition in Fig. 1 I part enlarged drawing；
Fig. 3 be under spring-compressed state in Fig. 1 I part enlarged drawing；
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the Fig. 1 two kinds of sectional structure schematic diagrams along A-A；
The structural representation of the drill bit that Fig. 6 provides for embodiment three；
The structural representation of the drilling tool that Fig. 7 provides for embodiment four；
Fig. 8 is the Fig. 7 cross-sectional schematic along B-B；
The schematic diagram of the local under balance pressure drilling method that Fig. 9 provides for embodiment five；
Figure 10 is the time dependent schematic diagram of surge pressure in drilling process；
Figure 11 is the rock stress state figure in underbalance region, local.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched
State, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, all other embodiments that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained on the premise of not making creative work,
Broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment relates to a kind of drill bit 1, including housing 101, is provided with multiple high pressure nozzle 108 and extremely bottom described housing 101
A few hydrophthalmia nozzle 109, in multiple high pressure nozzles 108 are circular layout and are surrounded on by each described hydrophthalmia nozzle 109；Described
It is provided with in housing 101:
The bypass flow channel mechanism of drilling fluid is carried to each described high pressure nozzle 108；
The intermediate flow channel mechanism of drilling fluid is carried to each described hydrophthalmia nozzle 109；
For periodically making the drilling fluid in entrance housing 101 inner chamber produce the booster body of water attack supercharging；
It is introduced to described bypass flow channel mechanism and by pressure less than this is pre-for intensified mechanism being pressurized to the drilling fluid of preset pressure
If the drilling fluid of pressure is introduced to the runner controlling organization of described central flow channel mechanism.
By arranging high pressure nozzle 108 and hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 bottom drill bit 1, bored by the formation in drill bit 1 periodically
Well liquid water attack pressurized state, the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid that water attack produces enters high pressure nozzle 108, owing to drill bit 1 is at shaft bottom high speed rotating,
Make the drilling fluid ejected from high pressure nozzle 108 form annular high-speed jet 5, by eject from hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 be relatively
Return drilling fluid on the drilling fluid of negative pressure state and cutting carring to separate；The mud flow rate flowing through hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 reduces rapidly,
Drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure, forms negative pressuren zone in shaft bottom.On the one hand form local under balance pressure drilling in shaft bottom, make shaft bottom rock
Stone constantly unloads, and rock burst occurs；By periodically forming local underbalance in shaft bottom, it is achieved locally under balance pressure drilling, effectively
Improve rate of penetration.On the other hand, locally in annular space 4 more than underbalance region, drilling liquid pressure is more than strata pressure, shape
Become overbalance state, therefore overcome the limitation of under-balanced drilling technology: in the present invention, drilling well overall process, locally underbalance
Borehole pressure more than region is equivalent to borehole pressure during conventional drilling, therefore wellbore stability；Stratum will not water outlet and containing H2S；
Down-hole blasting, bit freezing, corrosion etc. will not be produced；Well risk out of control is low, high pressure height is oozed stratum, particularly high-pressure gas well,
Do not fear；Without ground special equipment, the good manufacturability of bulky complex, low cost etc..
Above-mentioned preset pressure determines according to actual condition, the injection intensity of the annular high-speed jet 5 of formation and jet length etc. all with
Change, the absorption affinity in negative pressuren zone is changed by annular high-speed jet 5 the most therewith, thus can be according to different earth formation conditions
Take corresponding drilling parameter, to reach optimal process conditions, improve drilling efficiency.
Above-mentioned booster body and runner controlling organization can be realized by the electromagnetic valve etc. being located on corresponding runner, by controlling electromagnetic valve
Aperture can control the break-make of corresponding runner, and the change controlling respective channel flow makes drilling fluid produce water attack supercharging or water attack
Decompression phenomenon, thus the flow of drilling fluid and Stress control in realizing corresponding runner.
In the present invention, for improving the stability of bit operation and reliability, there is a following preferred embodiment:
Embodiment two
Such as Fig. 1-Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit, including housing 101, was provided with water in described housing 101 inner chamber
Joint 102, upper valve block 103, lower disc 104, lower valve base 106 and resetting-mechanism 105.Cross water swivel 102 and use spudder
That commonly uses in tool crosses water swivel, and its axis overlaps with housing 101 axis, and it has inner chamber and lower ending opening, and its external diameter is little
In the internal diameter of housing 101, thus this is crossed and forms annular space between water swivel 102 and housing 101 for drilling fluid circulation, drilling well
Liquid can be entered in this inner chamber crossing water swivel 102 by being located at these multiple water holes crossing on water swivel 102.Described lower valve base is positioned at
Crossing below water swivel 102, it includes that plunger 106, described plunger 106 are embedded in described housing 101 inner chamber, i.e. plunger 106
External diameter identical with the internal diameter of housing 101, it can be along the axial sliding in housing 101 of housing 101.
Described upper valve block 103 be fixedly arranged on described cross bottom water swivel 102 and have cross the of water swivel 102 inner space with described
One through hole, described lower disc 104 is fixedly arranged on described plunger 106 top and has the second through hole, described first through hole and described the
The axial offset setting of two through holes and the axis each parallel to described housing 101.Such as Fig. 1-Fig. 3, upper valve block 103 is preferably
Coaxially it is flush-mounted in the bottom of water swivel 102, crosses the water swivel 102 valve seat as valve block on this 103；Lower disc 104 is preferred
For being coaxially flush-mounted in the top of plunger 106, plunger 106 is i.e. as the valve seat of this lower disc 104, and plunger 106 is preferably along it
The inner chamber of up/down perforation is offered in axis, the second through hole of lower disc 104 and the inner space of this plunger 106.Upper valve block 103
With lower disc 104 just to laminating, in opposed faces contact structures, the two preferably uses identical dimensions；Wherein, as
A kind of optimal way of the present embodiment, the first through hole is the eccentric orfice being opened on valve block 103, i.e. the axis of this first through hole
Or the axial offset of the center of circle and upper valve block 103, the second through hole is the centre bore being opened on lower disc 104, i.e. this second through hole
Axis or the dead in line of the center of circle and lower disc 104；When upper valve block 103 left and right reciprocally swinging on lower disc 104 upper surface
Time, this first through hole is i.e. staggered with rotation process with this second through hole or overlaps.Certainly, it is possible to the first through hole is set for offering
Centre bore on upper valve block 103, the second through hole is the eccentric orfice being opened on lower disc 104, or two through hole is and is opened in
Eccentric orfice on corresponding valve block.
Described cross water swivel 102 by peripheral hardware power set drive and can in described housing 101 inner chamber left and right reciprocally swinging
And move up and down, make described upper valve block 103 and described lower disc 104 closely against and make described first through hole lead to described second
Hole is staggered or overlaps and forms the periodically variable flow channels of area of passage；Multiple high pressure nozzle 108 it is provided with bottom described housing 101
And at least one hydrophthalmia nozzle 109, in multiple high pressure nozzles 108 are circular layout and are surrounded on by each described hydrophthalmia nozzle 109,
Being provided with the bypass flow channel mechanism 107 carrying drilling fluid to each described high pressure nozzle 108 in described housing 101 wall, described mistake is circulated
Road turns on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle 109；Area of passage from large to small during, in described housing 101 formed water attack increase
The drilling fluid of pressure condition drives described plunger 106 to move down and makes described bypass flow channel mechanism 107 and the conducting of described housing 101 inner chamber；
During area of passage changes from small to big, resetting-mechanism 105 drives and moves the described bypass flow channel mechanism of closing that resets on described plunger 106
107。
Wherein, can move up and down in housing 101 inner chamber due to water swivel 102 excessively, it is ensured that at lower disc 104 with plunger
In 106 folding processes, upper valve block 103 and lower disc 104 the most all the time closely against.Above-mentioned flow channels is interior with plunger 106
Chamber connects, plunger 106 lower ending opening, thus ensures that flow channels turns on each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109, can be directed to by drilling fluid
At each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109.
Above-mentioned lower valve base is the above-mentioned bypass flow channel mechanism of control 107 and housing 101 inner space or the control valve of disconnection, logical
Cross moving up and down of plunger 106 and expose or block this arrival end so that the arrival end of bypass flow channel mechanism 107 to the open air, control drilling fluid and enter
Enter or do not enter this bypass flow channel mechanism 107, i.e. realizing high pressure nozzle 108 and work or do not work, thus periodic in shaft bottom
Produce annular high-speed jet 5.Wherein, such as Fig. 1-Fig. 3, resetting-mechanism 105 includes spring 105, and this spring 105 may correspond to
In the middle part of plunger 106 or bottom position arrange.When arranging corresponding to plunger 106 medium position, at housing 101 inwall
Upper corresponding position is machined with Step Shaft structure, and plunger 106 correspondence is processed as Step Shaft structure, on housing 101 inwall
First step axle construction, its major diameter portion is positioned at above minor diameter, for the second step axle construction on plunger 106, on it
The diameter in portion is identical with the diameter in the major diameter portion of above-mentioned first step axle construction, and the diameter of its underpart is tied with above-mentioned first step axle
The diameter of the minor diameter of structure is identical, and plunger 106 is flush-mounted in housing 101, first step axle construction and second step axle construction
Surrounding an annular chamber, this spring 105 is i.e. located in above-mentioned annular chamber.When arranging corresponding to plunger 106 bottom position,
Can arrange lead in the lower section of housing 101 inner plunger 106, for arranging pilot hole in plunger 106, spring 105 wears
On this lead, lead coordinates with pilot hole, and pilot hole can be along the upper and lower sliding of lead.
Above-mentioned plunger 106 and resetting-mechanism (spring) 105 i.e. constitute above-mentioned runner controlling organization.Under original state, this spring
Plunger 106 is supported in housing 101 inner chamber by 105, and plunger 106 top is positioned at above-mentioned bypass flow channel mechanism 107 arrival end
Top, this arrival end is closed；Area of passage from large to small during, in described housing 101 formed drilling fluid water attack increase
During pressure condition, the pressure reduction at lower disc about 104 two ends reaches maximum and upper end pressure and is more than the pressure of lower end, thus to plunger
106 produce downward active force, drive plunger 106 to move down, and above-mentioned spring 105 is compressed, above-mentioned bypass flow channel mechanism 107
Arrival end and housing 101 inner space；During area of passage changes from small to big, in described housing 101, form drilling liquid water
When hitting decompression state, making the pressure reduction at plunger about 106 two ends minimize, the active force at plunger 106 two ends reduces, at spring
Under the effect of 105, drive and move on plunger 106, the arrival end of bypass flow channel mechanism 107 is blocked, the pressure of whole well system
Power recovers normal.
It addition, above-mentioned spring 105 should ensure that, when not producing drilling fluid water attack pressurized state, it can support plunger 106 and make
Plunger 106 top is positioned at the top of bypass flow channel mechanism 107, and the support force of plunger 106 be should be greater than owing to crossing water swivel 102 by it
Active force when moving down trend, plunger 106 produced is produced by power set effect.Above-mentioned spring 105 can be pressure
Contracting spring or disk spring.
Continue the structure of above-mentioned drill bit 1, and the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid through water attack supercharging is sprayed to shaft bottom by high pressure nozzle 108, and hydrophthalmia sprays
The drilling fluid flowing through flow channels is sprayed to shaft bottom by mouth 109；Distance between each high pressure nozzle 108 and housing 101 axis
It is all higher than the distance between each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 and housing 101 axis, thus each high pressure nozzle 108 being circular layout will be each
Hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 is enclosed in this annular.When the area of passage minimum of flow channels, each high pressure nozzle 108 ejects high pressure
Drilling fluid, forms annular high-speed jet 5, and the mud flow rate of each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 reduces rapidly and this part is bored in shaft bottom
Well liquid produces negative surge pressure, thus forms the negative pressuren zone surrounded by annular high-speed jet 5, and in negative pressuren zone, bottom pressure is little
In strata pressure, form under-balanced state, rock burst can be induced.Annular high-speed jet 5 will in negative pressuren zone be relatively negative pressure state
Drilling fluid with negative pressuren zone outside the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid of cutting carring separate, the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid of cutting carring along drilling tool and stratum it
Between annular space 4 on return, drilling liquid pressure gradually recovers normally (i.e. drilling liquid pressure during conventional drilling), well more than negative pressuren zone
Interior pressure is more than strata pressure, is i.e. in overbalance state, can avoid the technical problem that existing under balance pressure drilling exists, including
The borehole wall caves in unstability, formation water output, stratum containing H2The problems such as S, down-hole blasting, well are out of control.
Optimizing said structure further, such as Fig. 1-Fig. 3, each described hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 arrival end is respectively positioned in described housing 101
On axis, each described high pressure nozzle 108 is arranged symmetrically with along described housing 101 axis, it is ensured that the harmony of bottom pressure,
The underface induction rock burst of drill bit 1.The quantity of high pressure nozzle 108 should ensure that and can form complete annular high-speed jet 5 in shaft bottom,
In the present embodiment, the quantity of high pressure nozzle 108 is 4, arranges at drill bit 1 base circle uniform intervals.Above-mentioned annular is at a high speed
Jet 5 forms the drilling fluid flow field of class tornado in shaft bottom, to producing absorption affinity in the negative pressuren zone at this " tornado " center, protects
Negative pressure state in card negative pressuren zone；Above-mentioned each high pressure nozzle 108 is unsuitable with the distance of drill bit 1 bottom margin too small, with drill bit 1
The distance of bottom centre is also unsuitable too small, in order to avoid impact annular high-speed jet 5 shields the effect of cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid and low-pressure drilling liquid,
It is advisable being arranged in the centre at drill bit 1 bottom centre and edge, the most each high pressure nozzle 108 arrival end and housing 101 axis
The distance of line is the 1/4 of housing 101 diameter.Further, the blowing direction of above-mentioned each described high pressure nozzle 108 is all from described
Housing 101 lateral direction described in housing 101 axis alignment tilts, and beneficially the drilling fluid of cutting carring is to annular space 4 earial drainage；But
The camber angle of each high pressure nozzle 108 is unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid impact annular high-speed jet 5 shields cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid and low-pressure drilling liquid
Effect, in the present embodiment, the angle between blowing direction and described housing 101 axis of each described high pressure nozzle 108 is equal
In the range of 7 °～10 °, it is optimal with 9 °.Correspondingly, the angle between each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 and housing 101 axis
It is advisable with the camber angle less than or equal to above-mentioned high pressure nozzle 108, in the present embodiment, in each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 and housing 101
Angle between axis is all substantially equal to the camber angle of each high pressure nozzle 108, on the one hand, at annular high-speed jet 5 and each hydrophthalmia
Form nearly region of no pressure between the jet that nozzle 109 is formed, the absorption affinity of " tornado ", on the other hand, hydrophthalmia nozzle can be improved
The landwaste of negative pressuren zone can be carried away by the drilling fluid of 109 ejections, keeps shaft bottom clean.
Continue the structure of above-mentioned drill bit 1, and such as Fig. 1-Fig. 5, described bypass flow channel mechanism 107 includes multiple tracks bypass flow channel 107, respectively
Described bypass flow channel 107 all offers formation by-pass prot at described housing 101 inwall, and the quantity of described bypass flow channel 107 is many
Quantity in described high pressure nozzle 108.When the quantity of described bypass flow channel 107 is equal to the quantity of described high pressure nozzle 108, respectively
Described bypass flow channel 107 connects with each described high pressure nozzle 108 one_to_one corresponding or the port of export of each described bypass flow channel 107 all connects
Being connected to a distribution runner, each described high pressure nozzle 108 all turns on described distribution runner；The quantity of described bypass flow channel 107 is big
When the quantity of described high pressure nozzle 108, the port of export of each described bypass flow channel 107 is connected to a distribution runner, each described
High pressure nozzle 108 all turns on described distribution runner.The effective cross section area sum of each bypass flow channel 107 should be greater than each high pressure
The valid circulation area sum of nozzle 108, to reduce flow passage resistance force of waterproof and to reduce drilling fluid energy loss.Such as Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, on
Stating bypass flow channel 107 cross section can be circular or circular arc.
Embodiment three
Such as Fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit 1, and the structure of the drill bit 1 provided in its structure and embodiment two is basic
Identical, otherwise varied in the structure of lower valve base 106.In the present embodiment, lower valve base 106 is fixing with housing 101 inner chamber to be connected,
Fixing connected mode is the most threaded, in order to dismounting and change is safeguarded；This lower valve base 106 has the through runner of up/down perforation,
Flow channels is turned on by this through runner with each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109；Bypass flow channel mechanism 107 is located in housing 101 wall, and it enters
Mouth end is positioned at above lower valve base 106 and turns on housing 101 inner chamber.
In the present embodiment, bypass flow channel mechanism 107 is in normal open state, on above-mentioned lower valve base 106 and lower disc 104 are i.e. constituted
State runner controlling organization.Under original state, normal pressure drilling fluid (crosses circulation by bypass flow channel mechanism 107 and intermediate flow channel mechanism
Road, above-mentioned through runner and alternative housing 101 inner chamber being positioned at below lower valve base 106) respectively enter each high pressure nozzle
108 and each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109, and spray to shaft bottom；Area of passage from large to small during, in described housing 101 formed bore
During well liquid water attack pressurized state, the drilling fluid that pressure increases suddenly flow to each high pressure nozzle 108 from bypass flow channel mechanism 107, can
Reach the local under-balanced state reached in above-described embodiment one and above-described embodiment two；During area of passage changes from small to big,
The pressure of whole well system gradually recovers normal.
Embodiment four
Such as Fig. 1-Fig. 8, the present embodiments relate to a kind of drilling tool, including drill bit 1, this drill bit 1 uses above-described embodiment one
Provided in drill bit 1, be preferably the drill bit 1 used provided in above-described embodiment two, it is possible to use institute in above-described embodiment three
The drill bit provided, here is omitted for the concrete structure of this drill bit 1.
Based on the drill bit 1 provided in embodiment two, described drill bit 1 top is fixedly connected with energy conversion device 2, described energy
Conversion equipment 2 include stator 201 and rotor 202, described rotor 202 be positioned at described stator 201 cavity and can be at it
Middle left and right reciprocally swinging and moving along described stator 201 axis, described rotor 202 bottom is connected with described water swivel 102 of crossing.
Time in the cavity of drilling fluid entrance stator 201, rotor 202 can be driven to rotate and at stator 201 cavity in stator 201 cavity
Interior left and right reciprocally swinging, and rotor 202 is produced a downward thrust, make rotor 202 have the trend moved down.
Wherein, above-mentioned energy conversion device 2 preferably uses screw motor, it is further preferred that use single-head screw motor,
The most above-mentioned rotor 202 is single-head screw motor rotor 202, and said stator 201 is the single-head screw being made up of steel sheel and rubber
Motor stator 201.Certainly, above-mentioned energy conversion device 2 is alternatively worm gear, and it can pass through universal drive shaft assembly, driving-shaft assembly
And disturbance assembly is connected with above-mentioned water swivel 102 of crossing, it is achieved rotor 202 can rotate and at regular cavity in stator 201 cavity
Interior left and right reciprocally swinging and axially moving up and down along stator 201.
Such as Fig. 7, as a example by the energy conversion device 2 using single-head screw motor, the housing 101 of drill bit 1 is adopted with stator 201
With threaded fixing, rotor 202 bottom is threadeded fixing with crossing the employing of water swivel 102 upper end.Upper end at stator 201
Threaded have top sub 3.
Embodiment five
The present embodiments relate to a kind of local under balance pressure drilling method, use the drilling tool that above-described embodiment four is provided, institute
The method of stating specifically includes:
Described drilling tool is assembled with conventional BHA；
Booster body periodically makes the drilling fluid in entrance housing 101 inner chamber produce water attack supercharging；
During water attack supercharging, the intensified drilling fluid to preset pressure is introduced into described bypass flow channel mechanism 107, by high pressure
Drilling fluid is delivered at each high pressure nozzle 108 injection to shaft bottom, forms annular high-speed jet in shaft bottom, and hydrophthalmia nozzle 109
Mud flow rate reduces rapidly and this part drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure, thus is formed by bearing that annular high-speed jet 5 surrounds
Nip, forms under-balanced state in negative pressuren zone；Transport of Drilling Cutting In A outside negative pressuren zone is along between described drilling tool and stratum
Annular space 4 on return, in well more than negative pressuren zone between space and stratum formed overbalance state；
In addition to during water attack supercharging At All Other Times in, pressure less than the drilling fluid of described preset pressure by described central flow channel mechanism
Being transported at each hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 spray to shaft bottom, borehole pressure recovers normal；
Along with the generation drilling fluid water attack supercharging phenomenon of housing 101 periodically, periodically form local underbalance shape in shaft bottom
State, breaks rock realizing continuous heavily stressed disturbance, induces rock burst.
As one of embodiment, booster body periodically makes the drilling fluid in entrance housing 101 inner chamber produce water by sinusoidal rule
Hit supercharging.
Such as Fig. 9-Figure 11, drilling tool based on the drill bit 1 used provided in embodiment two, above-mentioned local under balance pressure drilling side
Method particularly as follows:
Described drilling tool is assembled with conventional BHA；
Drilling fluid enters in the cavity of described stator 201, drives described rotor 202 to rotate and left in described stator 201 cavity
Right reciprocally swinging, to drive described upper valve block 103 left and right reciprocally swinging on described lower disc 104 upper surface, makes described mistake flow
The area of passage cyclically-varying of passage；
Area of passage from large to small during, enter the drilling fluid in stator 201 cavity and produce water attack supercharging phenomenon, drive described
Plunger 106 moves down and makes described bypass flow channel mechanism 107 turn on described housing 101 inner chamber, and cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid is introduced to each height
At pressure nozzle 108, injection is to shaft bottom, forms annular high-speed jet 5 in shaft bottom, and the mud flow rate of hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 is rapid
Reduce and this part drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure, thus form the negative pressuren zone surrounded by annular high-speed jet 5, at negative pressuren zone
In, bottom pressure is less than strata pressure, forms under-balanced state, meets two conditions that rock burst occurs, the rock near drill bit 1
Stone constantly unloads stress, thus improves efficiency of breaking rock.Annular high-speed jet 5 will in negative pressuren zone be relatively the brill of negative pressure state
Well liquid with negative pressuren zone outside the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid of cutting carring separate, the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid of cutting carring is along between drilling tool and stratum
Returning on annular space 4, drilling liquid pressure gradually recovers normally (i.e. drilling liquid pressure during conventional drilling), and well more than negative pressuren zone is intrinsic pressure
Power is more than strata pressure, is i.e. in overbalance state, can avoid the technical problem that existing under balance pressure drilling exists, including the borehole wall
Cave in unstability, formation water output, stratum containing H2The problems such as S, down-hole blasting, well are out of control；
During area of passage changes from small to big, enter the drilling fluid in stator 201 cavity and produce water attack decompression phenomenon, described reset
Mechanism 105 drives to move on described plunger 106 and resets, and borehole pressure recovers normal.
By flow channels area of passage consecutive variations, each small transition activities can produce a corresponding continually varying
Water attack supercharging ripple or blood pressure lowering ripple, thus local under-balanced state is periodically formed in shaft bottom, cause continuous heavily stressed disturbance to break rock,
Induction rock burst, improves drilling speed, final realization local under balance pressure drilling.
Such as Figure 10, as one of embodiment, the area of passage of described flow channels is in time by sinusoidal rule cyclically-varying.
Figure 11 shows the schematic diagram of crustal stress in drilling process, wherein, σ1Original main for institute's drilling strata vertical direction should
Power；σpMain crustal stress for institute's drilling strata vertical direction, by drill bit side, it is by brill periodically variable near drill bit
Well hydraulic coupling affects, the most periodically unloading, this main crustal stress σpIt is also at being continually changing state；σ2For institute's drilling strata level
Maximum (or minimum) the main crustal stress in direction；σ3Minimum (or maximum) main crustal stress for institute's drilling strata horizontal direction.
As one of embodiment, can completely be staggered to degree of closure between the first through hole and the second through hole, i.e. form annular height
The when of rapid fire stream 5, hydrophthalmia nozzle 109 does not spray drilling fluid, and the negative pressure condition so formed in shaft bottom is more preferably；But in view of well
End large rock-carrying ability, it is desirable to have at the bottom of enough drilling fluid flushing manholes, keeps shaft bottom clean, therefore, and the first through hole and the second through hole phase
The area of passage of the flow channels that wrong or coincidence is formed is to be preferred less than the 1/4 of the second via area.
In the present embodiment, use the drilling fluid that conventional drilling uses, it is not necessary to design preparation is applicable to the drilling well of under balance pressure drilling
Liquid, compared to existing under-balanced drilling technology, cost-saved, improve drilling efficiency.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and former
Within then, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a drill bit, including housing, it is characterised in that described housing bottom is provided with multiple high pressure nozzle and at least one hydrophthalmia nozzle,
In multiple high pressure nozzles are circular layout and are surrounded on by each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；It is provided with in described housing:
Bypass flow channel mechanism to each described high pressure nozzle conveying drilling fluid；
Intermediate flow channel mechanism to each described hydrophthalmia nozzle conveying drilling fluid；
For periodically making the drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity produce the booster body of water attack supercharging；
Runner controlling organization, it is introduced to described bypass flow channel machine for the drilling fluid that intensified mechanism is pressurized to preset pressure
Structure, and pressure is introduced to described central flow channel mechanism less than the drilling fluid of this preset pressure.
Drill bit the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described booster body included water swivel, upper valve block, lower disc
And lower valve base, described lower valve base is positioned at below described water swivel excessively and is embedded in described housing cavity；
Described upper valve block is fixedly arranged on bottom described water swivel excessively and has and described the first through hole crossing water swivel inner space, described
Lower disc is fixedly arranged on described lower valve base top and has the second through hole, and described first through hole sets with the axial offset of described second through hole
Put and each parallel to the axis of described housing；
Described cross water swivel by peripheral hardware power set drive and can in described housing cavity left and right reciprocally swinging and on move down
Dynamic, make described upper valve block and described lower disc closely against and make described first through hole be staggered with described second through hole or overlap formation
The periodically variable flow channels of area of passage；Described flow channels turns on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle.
Drill bit the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described bypass flow channel mechanism is located in described housing wall；
Described runner controlling organization includes that plunger and resetting-mechanism, described plunger are embedded in described housing cavity, described lower disc
Being fixedly arranged on described plunger head, described plunger i.e. constitutes described lower valve base；Described plunger has the lumen therethrough of up/down perforation and by institute
State flow channels to turn on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；
Area of passage from large to small during, the drilling fluid of the water attack pressurized state formed in described housing drives under described plunger
Shifting makes described bypass flow channel mechanism turn on described housing cavity；During area of passage changes from small to big, described resetting-mechanism drives
Moving on described plunger resets closes described bypass flow channel mechanism.
Drill bit the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described lower valve base and described housing cavity are fixing to be connected, described under
Valve seat has the through runner of up/down perforation and described flow channels is turned on each described hydrophthalmia nozzle；
Described bypass flow channel mechanism is located in described housing wall, its arrival end be positioned at above described lower valve base and with described housing cavity
Conducting.
Drill bit the most according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: each described hydrophthalmia upstream side of the injector is respectively positioned on institute
Stating on housing axis, each described high pressure nozzle arrival end is the 1/4 of described diameter of the housing with the distance of described housing axis.
Drill bit the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the blowing direction of each described high pressure nozzle is all from described housing axis
Hull outside direction described in alignment tilts.
Drill bit the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the blowing direction of each described high pressure nozzle and described housing axis
Between angle all in the range of 7 °～10 °.
8. a drilling tool, it is characterised in that: include the drill bit as according to any one of claim 1 to 7.
9. a local under balance pressure drilling method, it is characterised in that using drilling tool as claimed in claim 8, described method has
Body includes:
Described drilling tool is assembled with conventional BHA；
Booster body periodically makes the drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity produce water attack supercharging；
During water attack supercharging, the intensified drilling fluid to preset pressure is introduced into described bypass flow channel mechanism, by high pressure drilling
Liquid is delivered to injection at each high pressure nozzle and, to shaft bottom, forms annular high-speed jet in shaft bottom, and the mud flow rate of hydrophthalmia nozzle is fast
Prompt drop is low and this part drilling fluid produces negative surge pressure, thus forms the negative pressuren zone surrounded by annular high-speed jet, at negative pressuren zone
Interior formation under-balanced state；Transport of Drilling Cutting In A outside negative pressuren zone returns along the annular space between described drilling tool and stratum, negative
Overbalance state is formed between space and stratum in well more than nip；
In addition to during water attack supercharging At All Other Times in, pressure less than the drilling fluid of described preset pressure by described central flow channel mechanism
Being transported at each hydrophthalmia nozzle spray to shaft bottom, borehole pressure recovers normal；
Along with the generation drilling fluid water attack supercharging phenomenon of housing periodically, periodically form local under-balanced state in shaft bottom,
Break rock realizing continuous heavily stressed disturbance, induce rock burst.
Under balance pressure drilling method in local the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: booster body is by sinusoidal rule periodically
The drilling fluid in entrance housing cavity of making produce water attack supercharging.
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| CN106948760A (en) * | 2017-03-05 | 2017-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of coiled tubing drilling small size hydraulic oscillation resistance absorber |
| CN107366509A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-21 | 西安石油大学 | Self-powered based on gas underbalance well drilling can deflecting bit |
| CN107905732A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-13 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Tricone bit for particle percussion drilling |
| CN107905732B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Tri-cone bit for particle impact drilling |
| CN108131100A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 海斯比得（武汉）石油科技有限公司 | Hydroscillator |
| CN108131100B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-01-30 | 山东陆海新能源技术有限公司 | Hydraulic oscillator |
| CN110005379A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of voltage-controlled sleeve type spray head of gas hydrates layer jet crushing |
| CN117108205A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-24 | 四川派盛通石油工程技术有限公司 | Pulse type supercharging jet drilling device |
| CN117108205B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-23 | 四川派盛通石油工程技术有限公司 | Pulse type supercharging jet drilling device |
| CN117371069A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for optimizing filling scheme of single-layer-drive streamline regulator of vertical and inclined well group |
| CN117371069B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for optimizing filling scheme of single-layer-drive streamline regulator of vertical and inclined well group |
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