CN105951853B - Modified tetrahedron for dam project is jettisoninged material - Google Patents
Modified tetrahedron for dam project is jettisoninged material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105951853B CN105951853B CN201610343703.3A CN201610343703A CN105951853B CN 105951853 B CN105951853 B CN 105951853B CN 201610343703 A CN201610343703 A CN 201610343703A CN 105951853 B CN105951853 B CN 105951853B
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- tetrahedron
- jettisoninging
- hole
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002379 ultrasonic velocimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/02—Restraining of open water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
- E02D2200/16—Shapes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering river cut-off field, a kind of modified tetrahedron for dam project is provided to jettisoning material, the through hole for being mutually communicated and running through each face of tetrahedron body is provided with including tetrahedron body, in the tetrahedron body, the density of tetrahedron body is 2400kg/m3~3700kg/m3.Compared with existing solid positive tetrahedron jettisonings material, the modified tetrahedron of the present invention resistance that meets water that material is subject in current of jettisoninging is smaller, stability in current is higher, turnover rate in current is smaller, and closure difficulty can be reduced using modified tetrahedron of the present invention material of jettisoninging.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering river cut-off field, more particularly to a kind of modified four for dam project
Face body is jettisoninged material.
Background technology
Dam project is within the shortest time, and the current in former river course are given at barrage building future insufficiency (Longkou) place
To block, the foundation ditch for forming construction at dry land is led or retained to the current allowed in river course off by other places, is water conservancy
A key issue in engineering construction, it is an item controlled for influenceing construction speed.During current are blocked, river
The current in road are disorderly, underwater topography and dike shape constantly changes with the different of period are attacked and occupied in an opposite direction, easily cause the material that dams
The loss of material and dike caves in an opposite direction, increase closure difficulty.
Many experimental studies and case history show that dike is caved in an opposite direction and the loss of cut-off material is all being thrown with material of jettisoninging
Stability after throwing is related, jettisoning material can one-time-reach-place, stable state can be reached in relatively short distance seem to closing weight
Will.Artificial prefabricated material of jettisoninging is easier in place, have preferable stability in torrent, can effectively protect in an opposite direction dike dike head collapse
Collapse, prevention jettisoning material loss, mitigate closure difficulty, such as Three Gorges Diversion channel closure, Xi Luo Du reservoir engineering dam and
Ge Zhou Ba hydroelectric pivotal project, which dams etc., has used artificial prefabricated material of jettisoninging in dam project.It is existing artificial prefabricated to jettisoning
Material mainly has solid concrete tetrahedron (see Fig. 1), solid concrete hexahedron (solid concrete square) and reinforcing bar
Gabion string.Substantial amounts of experimental study shows with case history, due to solid concrete tetrahedron and hexahedron meeting in water
Stream interface is larger, center of gravity is higher, and the resistance to water-flow that is subject to effect is obvious, and influence of dynamic water lasts longer, and stability is poor, and reinforced gabion
String is there is also stability of material is bad and losing issue, thus existing solid concrete tetrahedron, hexahedron and reinforcing bar stone
Cage string is unsatisfactory in the effect for difficult period of damming, it is necessary to existing artificial prefabricated material of jettisoninging is optimized, to take
Obtain effect of preferably damming.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide the modified tetrahedron for dam project to jettisoning
Material, to reduce the resistance that meets water that material of jettisoninging is subject in current, stability of the material in current of jettisoninging is improved, reduces and throws
Turnover rate of the material in current is thrown, so as to reduce closure difficulty.
Jettisoninged material, including tetrahedron body provided by the present invention for the modified tetrahedron of dam project, described four
The through hole for being mutually communicated and running through each face of tetrahedron body is provided with the body body of face, the density of tetrahedron body is 2400kg/
m3~3700kg/m3。
Above-mentioned modified tetrahedron jettisoning material technical scheme in, at least one face of tetrahedron body is provided with insertion
The groove in the face, preferable scheme penetrates the groove in the face to be equipped with each face of tetrahedron body, when tetrahedron body
At least two faces when being provided with the groove for penetrating the face, the groove on two neighboring face preferably mutually penetrates, in order to obtain more
Good technique effect, the groove preferably connect with through hole, to be advantageous to the current after the material of jettisoninging is jettisoninged in through hole from recessed
Discharged in groove.
Above-mentioned modified tetrahedron jettisoning material technical scheme in, when tetrahedron body is provided only with the through hole, lead to
The volume in hole be tetrahedron body cumulative volume 5%~35%, when tetrahedron body is provided with the through hole and groove, through hole with
The cumulative volume of groove is the 5%~35% of tetrahedron body cumulative volume.
Above-mentioned modified tetrahedron jettisoning material technical scheme in, the difference of each bar rib length of tetrahedron body is no more than
15%, above-mentioned tetrahedron body is preferably positive triangular pyramid or positive tetrahedron.
Above-mentioned modified tetrahedron jettisoning material technical scheme in, the rib length of tetrahedron body is according to the rule of dam project
The determination of the physical conditions such as mould, current and landform, a length of 2~4.5m of rib of usual tetrahedron body.
Above-mentioned modified tetrahedron material of jettisoninging generally is formed by concreting, in order to increase the density for material of jettisoninging,
Iron block, lead the isodensity metal material bigger than concrete can be added into concrete when pouring.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1. the material of jettisoninging provided by the present invention for dam project is a kind of material of jettisoninging of new structure, the material of jettisoninging
Material is to set to be mutually communicated and formed after the through hole in each face of tetrahedron body in tetrahedron body, after jettisoninging, water
Stream can be flowed through from the through hole for material of jettisoninging, and so as to reduce the resistance that meets water that material of jettisoninging is subject in current, raising is jettisoninged
Stability of the material in current, reduce turnover rate of the material in current of jettisoninging, also, the presence of through hole adds material of jettisoninging
The water penetration of material, and then increase the leakage for clashing dike, flow and water levels of upstream and downstream drop at Longkou of damming are reduced, so as to drop
Low closure difficulty.
2. the modified tetrahedron provided by the invention suitable for dam project is jettisoninged material, set in tetrahedron body
Put and be mutually communicated and on the basis of the through hole in each face of tetrahedron body, also set at least one face of tetrahedron body
Have and penetrate this groove, groove can further increase the water penetration for material of jettisoninging, the setting of groove be not only advantageous to current by,
And the intermeshing for the material that is advantageous to jettisoning, so as to which synthetically lifting is jettisoninged stability of the material in current.
3. model experiment shows, modified tetrahedron provided by the invention jettisonings material whether to meet stream or carry on the back stream
Mode is jettisoninged, and the stop flow velocity in current is all jettisoninged material higher than the positive tetrahedron of existing solid construction, throwing of the present invention
It is more preferable to throw stability of the material in current.
Shunted 4. the flow during the closure of dam project Longkou is mainly built from water conservancy diversion, but the scale of water conservancy diversion building is easy
Restricted by landform and cost, when the scale is smaller of water conservancy diversion building, Longkou flow and flow rate mistake is easily caused when damming
Greatly, and then cause dam difficulty and material loss of jettisoninging, through hole is provided with material of the present invention of jettisoninging, or be provided with simultaneously logical
Hole and groove, there is certain water penetration, can suitably increase the leakage of dike in an opposite direction using the material of jettisoninging, so as in difficulty of damming
Section shares part Longkou flow to reduce Longkou flow and Longkou flow velocity, so as to reduce closure difficulty, reduces material loss of jettisoninging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the material of jettisoninging of existing solid positive tetrahedron structure；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the material of jettisoninging of the first structure type of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the material of jettisoninging of second of structure type of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the material of jettisoninging of the third structure type of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the material of jettisoninging of the 4th kind of structure type of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that the left surface of the tetrahedron body of the material of jettisoninging in Fig. 5 and bottom surface upper groove and via openings position show
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is right flank and trailing flank upper groove and the via openings position of the tetrahedron body of the material of jettisoninging in Fig. 5
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for determining stop flow velocity of the material in current of jettisoninging in embodiment 5 using tank measurement apparatus；
In figure, 1-through hole, 2-groove, 3-tetrahedron body, 4-solid positive tetrahedron jettisoning material, 5-tank,
6-unrestrained the grid that disappear, 7-probe, 8-signal processor, 9-data line, 10-computer, 11-material of jettisoninging, h-water
Deep, L1The rib of-positive tetrahedron is long, L2The length of side of-positive triangular pyramid equilateral triangle bottom surface, L3Three isosceles three of-positive triangular pyramid
The waist length of angular side.
Embodiment
The modified tetrahedron of the present invention for dam project is jettisoninged material below by embodiment combination accompanying drawing
And its using effect is described further.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the jettisoning structural representation of material of the modified tetrahedron for dam project is shown in Fig. 2, including four
Face body body 3, the tetrahedron body 3 are positive tetrahedron, are provided with tetrahedron body and are mutually communicated and run through tetrahedron body
The through hole 1 in each face, the long L of rib of positive tetrahedron1=2.0m, through hole 1 are made up of four shape identical cylindrical holes, each cylinder
One end aperture in the hole of shape is located at the center in each face of tetrahedron body, and other end aperture is located at the center of tetrahedron body
Place, and be mutually communicated at the center of tetrahedron body, the cumulative volume of through hole 1 accounts for the 35% of tetrahedron body cumulative volume, the throwing
Throw material to be formed by concreting, the density of tetrahedron body is 2400kg/m3。
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the jettisoning structural representation of material of the modified tetrahedron for dam project is shown in Fig. 3, including four
Face body body 3, the tetrahedron body 3 are positive triangular pyramid, are provided with tetrahedron body and are mutually communicated and run through tetrahedron body
The through hole 1 in each face, the length of side L of positive triangular pyramid equilateral triangle bottom surface2=3.2m, positive three isosceles triangle sides of triangular pyramid
The long L of waist3=2.8m, through hole 1 are made up of four shape identical sections for the hole of triangle, and each section is the hole one of triangle
Stomidium mouth is located at the center in each face of tetrahedron body, and other end aperture is located at the center of tetrahedron body, and four
It is mutually communicated at the center of face body body, the cumulative volume of through hole 1 accounts for the 5% of tetrahedron body cumulative volume, and the material of jettisoninging is by mixing
Solidifying soil, which pours, to be formed, and the density of tetrahedron body is 2500kg/m3。
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the jettisoning structural representation of material of the modified tetrahedron for dam project is shown in Fig. 4, including four
Face body body 3, the tetrahedron body 3 are positive tetrahedron, are provided with tetrahedron body and are mutually communicated and run through tetrahedron body
The through hole 1 in each face, the long L of rib of positive tetrahedron1=4.5m, through hole 1 are made up of four shape identical cylindrical holes, each cylinder
One end aperture in the hole of shape is located at the center in each face of tetrahedron body, and other end aperture is located at the center of tetrahedron body
Place, and be mutually communicated at the center of tetrahedron body, set one there are insertion bottom recesses 2 on the bottom surface of tetrahedron body,
The groove 2 and open communication of the through hole on tetrahedron body bottom surface, the cumulative volume of the through hole 1 and groove 2 account for tetrahedron
The 15% of body cumulative volume.The material of jettisoninging is formed by concreting, in order to increase the density for material of jettisoninging, when pouring
Lead is placed in jettisoninging material to this, the density of tetrahedron body is 3700kg/m3。
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the jettisoning structural representation of material of the modified tetrahedron for dam project is shown in Fig. 5, including four
Face body body 3, the tetrahedron body 3 are positive tetrahedron, the long L of rib of positive tetrahedron1=2.9m, through hole 1 is by four shape phases
Same cylindrical hole composition, one end aperture in each cylindrical hole are located at the center in each face of tetrahedron body, the other end
Aperture is located at the center of tetrahedron body, and is mutually communicated at the center of tetrahedron body.
As shown in figure 5, this is jettisoninged in the left surface of the tetrahedron body of material and bottom surface (on the basis of Fig. 5 angle)
It is parallel to each other provided with three and penetrates left surface and the groove 2 of bottom surface, and second groove and through hole on left surface and bottom surface
Fig. 6 is seen in open communication on left surface and bottom surface, left surface and bottom surface upper groove and via openings position, the material of jettisoninging
Two right flanks that are parallel to each other and penetrate are equipped with the right flank of tetrahedron body and trailing flank (on the basis of Fig. 5 angle)
With the groove 2 of trailing flank, right flank and trailing flank upper groove and via openings position are shown in Fig. 7.
The cumulative volume of through hole 1 and groove 2 accounts for the 35% of tetrahedron body cumulative volume.The material of jettisoninging by concreting and
Into in order to increase the density for material of jettisoninging, iron block, the density of tetrahedron body are placed in jettisoninging material to this when pouring
For 3000kg/m3。
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, investigate it is existing jettisoning material and material of the present invention of jettisoninging jettisoning after stabilization in current
Property.
First type is the material 4 of jettisoninging of the solid positive tetrahedron structure of existing concrete material, by the material of jettisoninging
Expect that numbering is 1-1#, the rib a length of 8cm, quality 156.72g of the material of jettisoninging.
Second of type material of the present invention of jettisoninging, structure are similar to the structure of the material of jettisoninging in embodiment 1, including
Tetrahedron body 3, the tetrahedron body 3 are positive tetrahedron, are provided with tetrahedron body and are mutually communicated and run through tetrahedron sheet
The through hole 1 in each face of body, through hole 1 are made up of four shape identical cylindrical holes, and one end aperture in each cylindrical hole is located at
At the center in each face of tetrahedron body, the other end is eated dishes without rice or wine at the center of tetrahedron body, and in tetrahedron body
It is mutually communicated at center.Include 4 kinds of specifications altogether, numbering is 2-1#, 2-2#, 2-3#, 2-4# respectively, rib length, the matter of material of jettisoninging
The situation that amount, through hole cumulative volume account for tetrahedron body cumulative volume is shown in Table 1.
Second of the type of table 1 jettisoning material rib is long, quality and pore volume account for tetrahedron body cumulative volume situation
Using the material 11 of jettisoninging of tank measurement apparatus measure above two type as shown in Figure 8 in 35L/s and 55L/s
Stop flow velocity under two kinds of operating modes.The tank measurement apparatus is by Rectangular Water Trough 5 and acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV current meters)
Composition, the Rectangular Water Trough are made up of Rectangular Concrete bottom plate and transparent organic glass side wall, and the length of tank is 10.0m, wide
Spend and set for 0.39m, depth 0.35m, floor level, the roughness of bottom plate is 0.012, is being pacified at tank initiating terminal 2.4m
The unrestrained grid 6 that disappear are filled.The ADV current meters are made up of probe 7, signal processor 8, data line 9 and computer 10, described
The probe 7 of ADV current meters is arranged on the support above tank, and can be moved on support.
Current are passed through into tank from the initiating terminal of tank according to given flow rate, and current are flowed through after tank through tank end
Delivery port is discharged, and after the flow rate of water flow in tank is stable, is adding one piece of throwing into tank at tank initiating terminal 5.0m
Material 11 is thrown, feed postition includes meeting two kinds of stream and back of the body stream, and material of jettisoninging can be with current direction tank end after adding in tank
Move and be finally stopped motion, jettisoninged the move distance of material in the sink, passed through by the steel ruler measurement of precision 1mm scales
Flow rate of water flow in ADV Flow speed measurers measure tank, when determining flow rate of water flow, is surveyed from tank bottom surface to the water surface every 5.0cm
A flow velocity is measured, at each section survey left, center, right three, takes the average value of these flow velocitys as average current flow velocity.According to
The distance that flow rate of water flow and material of jettisoninging move in the sink calculates the stop flow velocity for material of jettisoninging, as a result as shown in table 3.
Jettisoninged under 2 different operating modes of table the stop flow velocity of material
As shown in Table 1, it is provided by the invention to jettisoning material whether to meet streamOr back of the body streamSide
Formula is jettisoninged, and the stop flow velocity in current is all jettisoninged material higher than the positive tetrahedron of existing solid construction, i.e., throwing of the present invention
It is more preferable to throw stability of the material in current.
Claims (5)
- Material, including tetrahedron body (3) 1. the modified tetrahedron for dam project is jettisoninged, it is characterised in that tetrahedron sheet It is provided with and is mutually communicated and through the through hole (1) in each face of tetrahedron body in body, or is provided with tetrahedron body and mutually passes through At least one face of through hole (1) that is logical and running through each face of tetrahedron body and tetrahedron body, which is provided with, penetrates the recessed of the face Groove (2)；When tetrahedron body is provided only with the through hole (1), the volume of through hole for tetrahedron body cumulative volume 5%~ 35%, when tetrahedron body is provided with the through hole (1) and groove (2), the cumulative volume of through hole (1) and groove (2) is tetrahedron The 5%~35% of body cumulative volume；The density of tetrahedron body is 2400kg/m3~3700kg/m3。
- The material 2. the modified tetrahedron for being used for dam project according to claim 1 is jettisoninged, it is characterised in that the groove (2) connected with the through hole (1).
- The material 3. the modified tetrahedron according to claim 1 or claim 2 for dam project is jettisoninged, it is characterised in that tetrahedron The difference of each bar rib length of body is no more than 15%.
- The material 4. the modified tetrahedron according to claim 1 or claim 2 for dam project is jettisoninged, it is characterised in that tetrahedron Body is positive triangular pyramid or positive tetrahedron.
- The material 5. the modified tetrahedron for being used for dam project according to claim 3 is jettisoninged, it is characterised in that tetrahedron sheet Body is positive triangular pyramid or positive tetrahedron.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610343703.3A CN105951853B (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | Modified tetrahedron for dam project is jettisoninged material |
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| CN201610343703.3A CN105951853B (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | Modified tetrahedron for dam project is jettisoninged material |
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| CN105951853B true CN105951853B (en) | 2017-11-14 |
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| CN113089571A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Assembled water-permeable energy-dissipating tetrahedral embankment plugging member and construction method thereof |
| CN114215084B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-05-05 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Water flow adjusting device, steel cofferdam compartment device and steel cofferdam positioning pile construction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2088125U (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1991-11-06 | 彭方山 | Multi-functional high-efficient sinking block |
| ES2264906B1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2008-01-01 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | ELEMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF TABLETS. |
| CN102330434B (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2014-01-22 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Throwing material for lightening interception difficulty and protecting dikes of rivers |
| CN202559296U (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-11-28 | 苏州大学 | Hollow triangular cone of river dyke shore closure |
| CN203144966U (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-08-21 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Precast concrete for closure casting |
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Granted publication date: 20171114 |