CN105951456A - 一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105951456A
CN105951456A CN201610257201.9A CN201610257201A CN105951456A CN 105951456 A CN105951456 A CN 105951456A CN 201610257201 A CN201610257201 A CN 201610257201A CN 105951456 A CN105951456 A CN 105951456A
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woven fabrics
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刘华平
蔡斌
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Chuzhou City Sha Langxin Material Science And Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布，由下列重量份的原料制成：稻草200‑205、原麻100‑104、NaOH适量、水适量、聚乙烯醇0.8‑0.85、粗孔硅胶0.5‑0.6、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯0.2‑0.3、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯0.2‑0.3、乙酸乙酯5‑6、聚苯并咪唑短纤维4‑4.5、纳米四氧化三铁0.5‑0.6、纳米二氧化钛0.6‑0.8、纳米聚四氟乙烯0.3‑0.4、过氧化异丙苯0.05‑0.1。本发明无纺布使用粗孔硅胶、聚苯并咪唑短纤维、纳米四氧化三铁、纳米二氧化钛，能够吸收阻隔有害电磁波，吸附分解有害气体，环保健康。

Description

一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布制造技术领域，尤其涉及一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国有丰富的秸秆资源，居世界之首。其中稻草秸秆占27．5%，玉米秸秆占36．7%，小麦秸秆占15．2%，可作为能源加以利用的秸秆总量为3.761亿t。目前，大量废弃稻秸秆还是面临焚烧这一唯一处理途径。开发稻秸秆新用途，解决稻秸秆处理新问题，既可以减少稻秸秆作为废弃物焚烧后带来的环境污染和管理成本，也可变废为宝，充分利用稻秸秆资源本身的价值，节约资源。
通过化学成分研究，稻秸秆内含有达31.51%的纤维素使其可以作为提供天然纤维素纤维的资源被加以利用。我国有大量的稻秸秆资源，如果能被纺织所用，将能创造很好的经济价值和环境价值。而利用稻秸秆纤维的前提是必须去除稻秸秆的其他杂质。通过实验发现，在稻秸秆提取纤维的工艺中可以使用一定浓度的氢氧化钠对稻秸秆进行碱液煮练，以去除其含有的半纤维素和木质素等主要杂质，从而得到较理想的纤维，用于后续加工处理。为了高效利用回收稻秸秆，考虑利用非织造工艺将其制作为无纺布。但由于稻秸秆本身强力等力学性能较差，须与其他已知传统纤维共混方能达到预期效果。
麻纤维的性能优良，生物适应性好。随着非织造布生产技术的不断进步，应用麻纤维为原料生产高性能的非织造布成为热门课题。本次试验选择麻纤维与稻秸秆纤维进行共混，其特点如下:(1)基于麻纤维强力较优，纤维刚度较大，可弥补稻秸秆纤维强力不足的缺点。(2)由于麻纤维含有大量极性亲水基团，巨原纤纵向分裂而呈现许多裂缝和孔洞，并且通过毛细管道与中腔连通，此种结构使麻纤维具有卓越的吸湿透气性能(公定回潮率约为15%)，这对于农业植物的生长和保存具有良好的功效。同时，良好的吸湿性使麻纤维具有较强的抗静电性。(3)麻纤维所含的天然化学物质具有抑制细菌的功能。在通常情况下，麻纤维中的孔隙中充满空气，不利于厌氧菌的繁殖，具有防菌、防霉、防臭、防腐的功能，抗菌、抑菌能力较优。(4)作为天然纤维素纤维，麻纤维较廉价易获得，且与稻秸秆同为韧皮类纤维，成分相似，提取纤维时可同时煮练以节省工序，降低成本。
将稻草纤维与麻纤维混合，用聚乙烯醇作为粘合剂，制作的无纺布具有良好的吸湿性，较高的断裂强度。如果将该无纺布作为无缝墙纸的底层，不仅能够节约成本、保护环境、提高稻草的附加应用价值，而且对人体健康有益，但是该无纺布的吸湿性、强度、耐久性等性能还不能满足要求，需要改进。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布，由下列重量份的原料制成：稻草200-205、原麻100-104、NaOH适量、水适量、聚乙烯醇0.8-0.85、粗孔硅胶0.5-0.6、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯0.2-0.3、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯0.2-0.3、乙酸乙酯5-6、聚苯并咪唑短纤维4-4.5、纳米四氧化三铁0.5-0.6、纳米二氧化钛0.6-0.8、纳米聚四氟乙烯0.3-0.4、过氧化异丙苯0.05-0.1。
所述的防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将稻草切成3-5cm的段，按稻草：水的重量比1：23-25加入水，按稻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.6-0.65加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89-91℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.8-2h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7-8，干燥，得到稻草纤维；
（2）将原麻切成3-5cm的段，按原麻：水的重量比1：20-21加入水，按原麻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.1-0.12加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89-91℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.5-1.6h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7-8，干燥，得到麻纤维；
（3）将聚乙烯醇加水配制成8-8.5%浓度的溶液，加入纳米四氧化三铁，搅拌均匀，得到粘合剂，取稻草纤维、麻纤维各50重量份，与聚苯并咪唑短纤维混合均匀，置于定型网内定型，再置于针刺机上针刺，压制成布，用所述粘合剂均匀涂抹，施胶量控制在7-7.5%，再送入干燥箱内在80-82℃下干燥1.5-2h，得到无纺布；
（4）将甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、乙酸乙酯混合均匀，加入粗孔硅胶、纳米二氧化钛、纳米聚四氟乙烯，加热至65-70℃，加入过氧化异丙苯，搅拌反应30-40分钟，得到混合物，将混合物均匀涂抹在第（3）步得到的无纺布上，干燥，即得。
一种无缝墙纸，由PVC软膜做表面层，软质聚氨酯泡沫做中间层，权利要求1所述防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布做底层，用贴合机进行贴合制成。
本发明的优点是：本发明无纺布使用甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、纳米聚四氟乙烯进行涂覆改性，降低了回潮率，防止霉变，提高了韧性，延长了使用寿命，而且提高了强度；通过使用粗孔硅胶、聚苯并咪唑短纤维、纳米四氧化三铁、纳米二氧化钛，能够吸收阻隔有害电磁波，吸附分解有害气体，环保健康；用该无纺布制作的无缝软包墙纸环保、耐久、透气。
具体实施方式
一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：稻草200、原麻100、NaOH适量、水适量、聚乙烯醇0.8、粗孔硅胶0.5、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯0.2、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯0.2、乙酸乙酯5、聚苯并咪唑短纤维4、纳米四氧化三铁0.5、纳米二氧化钛0.6、纳米聚四氟乙烯0.3、过氧化异丙苯0.05。
所述的防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将稻草切成3cm的段，按稻草：水的重量比1：23加入水，按稻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.6加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.8h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7，干燥，得到稻草纤维；
（2）将原麻切成3cm的段，按原麻：水的重量比1：20加入水，按原麻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.1加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.5h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7，干燥，得到麻纤维；
（3）将聚乙烯醇加水配制成8%浓度的溶液，加入纳米四氧化三铁，搅拌均匀，得到粘合剂，取稻草纤维、麻纤维各50重量份，与聚苯并咪唑短纤维混合均匀，置于定型网内定型，再置于针刺机上针刺，压制成布，用所述粘合剂均匀涂抹，施胶量控制在7%，再送入干燥箱内在80℃下干燥1.5h，得到无纺布；
（4）将甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、乙酸乙酯混合均匀，加入粗孔硅胶、纳米二氧化钛、纳米聚四氟乙烯，加热至65℃，加入过氧化异丙苯，搅拌反应30分钟，得到混合物，将混合物均匀涂抹在第（3）步得到的无纺布上，干燥，即得。
一种无缝墙纸，由PVC软膜做表面层，软质聚氨酯泡沫做中间层，权利要求1所述防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布做底层，用贴合机进行贴合制成。
测试结果为：纵向和横向断裂强力分别为112N、119N，厚度为0.147mm，回潮率为0.9%。

Claims (3)

1.一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成：稻草200-205、原麻100-104、NaOH适量、水适量、聚乙烯醇0.8-0.85、粗孔硅胶0.5-0.6、甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯0.2-0.3、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯0.2-0.3、乙酸乙酯5-6、聚苯并咪唑短纤维4-4.5、纳米四氧化三铁0.5-0.6、纳米二氧化钛0.6-0.8、纳米聚四氟乙烯0.3-0.4、过氧化异丙苯0.05-0.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将稻草切成3-5cm的段，按稻草：水的重量比1：23-25加入水，按稻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.6-0.65加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89-91℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.8-2h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7-8，干燥，得到稻草纤维；
（2）将原麻切成3-5cm的段，按原麻：水的重量比1：20-21加入水，按原麻草：NaOH的重量比1：0.1-0.12加入NaOH，搅拌均匀，加热至89-91℃，保温条件下搅拌反应1.5-1.6h，过滤，用水清洗至pH为7-8，干燥，得到麻纤维；
（3）将聚乙烯醇加水配制成8-8.5%浓度的溶液，加入纳米四氧化三铁，搅拌均匀，得到粘合剂，取稻草纤维、麻纤维各50重量份，与聚苯并咪唑短纤维混合均匀，置于定型网内定型，再置于针刺机上针刺，压制成布，用所述粘合剂均匀涂抹，施胶量控制在7-7.5%，再送入干燥箱内在80-82℃下干燥1.5-2h，得到无纺布；
（4）将甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、乙酸乙酯混合均匀，加入粗孔硅胶、纳米二氧化钛、纳米聚四氟乙烯，加热至65-70℃，加入过氧化异丙苯，搅拌反应30-40分钟，得到混合物，将混合物均匀涂抹在第（3）步得到的无纺布上，干燥，即得。
3.一种无缝墙纸，其特征在于：由PVC软膜做表面层，软质聚氨酯泡沫做中间层，权利要求1所述防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布做底层，用贴合机进行贴合制成。
CN201610257201.9A 2016-04-22 2016-04-22 一种防辐射无缝墙纸用稻草纤维与麻纤维混合无纺布及其制备方法 Pending CN105951456A (zh)

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