A kind of microbial manure and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizer of a kind of crops, plant growing, be specifically related to a kind of microbial manure and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Since the establishment of the nation, along with the use of chemical fertilizer, provide new nutrient source for crops, produced more
Many agricultural product.China's successful experience in this respect has obtained international generally acknowledged.But it is long-term a large amount of single
Executing, partially execute chemical fertilizer and have resulted in soil compaction, soil fertility declines, and quality of agricultural product declines, field pest and disease damage
A large amount of outbreaks, agricultural produce is the most difficult, and brings a series of problems such as environmental pollution.For these various countries
Scientist has been working hard explore raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio and reaches balance fertilizing, the rational application of fertilizer to overcome its drawback
Approach.Microbial manure has original effect in solution this respect problem.
In recent years, microorganism is the most gradually recognized by people in effect agriculturally.Have more than 70 the most in the world
Individual country produces, applies and promote microbial manure, and it is the most hundreds thousand of that China currently also has 250 enterprises to produce per year
Ton microbial manure is applied to produce.Though this with the fertilizer production same period and consumption can not compared with, but indeed start
Agricultural production plays a role, achieves certain economic benefit and social effect, preliminarily formed regular
The industrialized production stage.
Although microbial manure has obtained rapid development, but still suffers from some problems during production application.
Such as, simply can see the fertilizer impact on crops, can not reach effectively to improve to soil;Such as,
The effective ingredient of microbial manure loss in soil, it has to increase the number of times of fertilising.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide one and can improve crop quality, change
Good soil function, increase crop yield can reduce again effective ingredient and run off, and reduces the microorganism fertilizer of fertilizer application frequency
Material and preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme used is:
A kind of microbial manure, it is microcapsule microbial fertilizer, including cyst wall and the capsule heart, described capsule pericardium
Containing following component, its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 5-8 part;
Organic 5-8 part;
Bentonite 20-30 part;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts;
The material of described cyst wall is made up of chitosan.
Preferably, described Chinese medicine slag includes following component by weight: Radix Gentianae 0.5 part, Spica Prunellae 1
Part, Folium Isatidis 1.5 parts, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae 1 part, Radix Scutellariae 1 part, Herba Anoectochili roxburghii 1 part, Herba Portulacae 1 part, Fructus Crataegi
0.5 part, Herba Agrimoniae 0.5 part, 1 part of Radix Glycyrrhizae and Herba Schizonepetae 1 part.
Preferably, described biological bacteria includes following component by weight: Lactobacillus plantarum 1 part, EM bacterium 1
Part, bacillus subtilis 0.5 part and Bacillus licheniformis 0.5 part.
Preferably, described organic matter includes aminoacid and fulvic acid.
Preferably, described middle trace element include ferrous sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate, silicon, calcium, manganese, copper and
Zinc.
Preferably, the gross weight of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate, silicon and calcium and manganese, copper and the gross weight of zinc
Amount ratio is (10-15): 1.
Preferably, the described capsule pericardium of microbial manure contains following component, and its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 5 parts;
Organic 5 parts;
Bentonite 20 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Preferably, the described capsule pericardium of microbial manure contains following component, and its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 6 parts;
Organic 6 parts;
Bentonite 25 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Preferably, the described capsule pericardium of microbial manure contains following component, and its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 8 parts;
Organic 8 parts;
Bentonite 30 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
The preparation method of the microbial manure described in any of the above-described scheme, comprises the steps:
(1) with bentonite as carrier, add organic matter and trace element fully absorbs, formed rich in middle trace unit
The organic carrier of element;
(2) then biological bacteria proceeding to ferment tank 24h, fermentation liquor low-temperature negative-pressure is concentrated in vacuo to substance
Long-pending 40%, obtains bacterium concentrated solution;
(3) in bacterium concentrated solution, add the weight of the organic carrier that step (1) obtains, concentrated solution and organic carrier
Ratio is 0.5:1, mix homogeneously, fluid bed drying, baking temperature 50 ± 1 DEG C, obtains preliminary fertilizer;
(4) after being mixed homogeneously with the Chinese medicine slag of solid by preliminary fertilizer, pelletize process is carried out, to form microorganism
Fertiliser granulates;
(5) solid particle that step (4) obtains is stirred in the moving air produced by fluid bed, suspends,
The chitosan film forming liquid that injection is come in makes solid particles surface moistening and then is the most gradually dried to be formed and has the thin of thickness
Film;When solid particle is blown to cylinder top, owing to cross-sectional area increases, the air velocity at top reduces, knot
Really air can not the granule of suspension heartwood more for a long time, then granule at the bottom of post land;Past in the circulation risen, land
During Fu, there is the thickness of 10-100um as the solid particle of heartwood by peplos, now stop spraying, reclaim
The microcapsule generated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
The present invention, with bentonite as carrier, absorbs organic and middle trace element, by EM bacterium, hay spore
Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis and the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum, add Chinese medicine slag and form microbial manure, then
Being prepared into microcapsule microbial fertilizer, microcapsule microbial fertilizer prepared by the present invention can improve crop
Quality, improvement soil function, increase crop yield can reduce again effective ingredient and run off, and reduces fertilizer application frequency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equipment schematic diagram of the step (5) of preparation microcapsule microbial fertilizer.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate the present invention in detail further below.
A kind of microbial manure, it is microcapsule microbial fertilizer, including cyst wall and the capsule heart, described capsule pericardium
Containing following component, its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 5-8 part;
Organic 5-8 part;
Bentonite 20-30 part;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts;
The material of described cyst wall is made up of chitosan.
Wherein, Chinese medicine slag includes following component by weight: Radix Gentianae 0.5 part, Spica Prunellae 1 part, big
Folium Isatidis 1.5 parts, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae 1 part, Radix Scutellariae 1 part, Herba Anoectochili roxburghii 1 part, Herba Portulacae 1 part, Fructus Crataegi 0.5 part,
Herba Agrimoniae 0.5 part, 1 part of Radix Glycyrrhizae and Herba Schizonepetae 1 part.
Radix Gentianae, Spica Prunellae, Folium Isatidis, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae and Herba Portulacae have early death, the wind dispelling insecticide of heat clearing away etc.
Effect, these several Chinese medicine slag synergism are possible to prevent crops sick rotten.
Radix Scutellariae, Herba Anoectochili roxburghii, Herba Portulacae, Fructus Crataegi, Herba Agrimoniae, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Herba Schizonepetae have heat-clearing and toxic substances removing and kill
Bacterium effect, these several Chinese medicine slag synergism can increase the yield of crop.
Biological bacteria includes following component by weight: Lactobacillus plantarum 1 part, EM bacterium 1 part, hay spore
Bacillus 0.5 part and Bacillus licheniformis 0.5 part.
EM bacterium (Effect ive Microorganisms, effective microorganisms), nurses one's health for crops, sends out
Ferment fertilizer, reduces disease, and improvement soil aspect disease-resistant to plant growth all has good result.
Lactobacillus plantarum has inhibitory action to pathogenic bacterium, and can promote the crops absorption to nutrient substance;
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis are improved further to have pathogenic bacterium with Lactobacillus plantarum synergism and press down
Make use, and promote the crops absorption to nutrient substance.
Organic matter includes aminoacid and fulvic acid.
Middle trace element includes ferrous sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate, silicon, calcium, manganese, copper and zinc.Sulfuric acid monohydrate
The gross weight of ferrous iron, magnesium sulfate, silicon and calcium is (10-15) with the gross weight ratio of manganese, copper and zinc: 1.
Ferrous sulfate monohydrate, for supplementing iron ion to plant, prevents Huang, mosaic disease.
Organic (aminoacid and fulvic acid), middle trace element is organic chelated does not produce fertilizer damage, is formed polynary
Element eutrophy fertilizer.The effect wherein chelated can reduce the loss of fertilizer further.
Microbial manure of the present invention is microcapsule microbial fertilizer, including cyst wall and the capsule heart, the material of described cyst wall
Matter is made up of chitosan.The effect making microcapsule is, it is possible to increase the stability of active component, it is possible to
Play the effect of slowly release, reduce the loss of fertilizer, reduce the number of times of fertilising.Chitosan is a kind of natural
Macromolecular material, film property is good, and after dissolving, itself can also be as the component of a kind of fertilizer.
This microcapsule microbial fertilizer preparation method is as follows:
(1) with bentonite as carrier, add organic matter and trace element fully absorbs, formed rich in middle trace unit
The organic carrier of element;
(2) then biological bacteria proceeding to ferment tank 24h, fermentation liquor low-temperature negative-pressure is concentrated in vacuo to substance
Long-pending 40%, obtains bacterium concentrated solution;
(3) in bacterium concentrated solution, add the weight of the organic carrier that step (1) obtains, concentrated solution and organic carrier
Ratio is 0.5:1, mix homogeneously, fluid bed drying, baking temperature 50 ± 1 DEG C, obtains preliminary fertilizer;
(4) after being mixed homogeneously with the Chinese medicine slag of solid by preliminary fertilizer, pelletize process is carried out, to form microorganism
Fertiliser granulates;
(5) solid particle 10 that step (4) obtains stirred in the moving air produced by fluid bed, hang
Floating, chitosan film forming liquid that injection is come in makes solid particles surface moistening and is the most gradually dried to be formed and has thickness
Thin film;When solid particle is blown to cylinder top, owing to cross-sectional area increases, the air velocity at top reduces,
Result air can not the granule of suspension heartwood more for a long time, then granule at the bottom of post land;In the circulation risen, land
During Wang Fu, there is the thickness of 10-100um as the solid particle of heartwood by peplos, now stop spraying, return
Receiving the microcapsule generated, wherein the preparation process of step (5) is referred to shown in Fig. 1.Shown in Fig. 1
Equipment includes that settling section cavity 20 that cross-sectional area being positioned at top is bigger and a cross-sectional area are less
Film forming section cavity 30;Sidepiece at film forming section cavity is communicated with film forming liquid aerosol apparatus, at the end of film forming section cavity
Portion is communicated with fluidization air bed.
The Wurster method completing this kind of embedding needs 2-6 hour, and embedding efficiency is the highest, the grain of microcapsule granule
Footpath scope is between 50-500um.
The present invention, with bentonite as carrier, absorbs organic and middle trace element, by EM bacterium, hay spore
Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis and the fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum, add Chinese medicine slag and form microbial manure, then
Being prepared into microcapsule microbial fertilizer, microcapsule microbial fertilizer prepared by the present invention can improve crop
Quality, improvement soil function, increase crop yield can reduce again effective ingredient and run off, and reduces fertilizer application frequency.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but these exemplary embodiments
Purposes and purpose are only used for enumerating the present invention, not constitute any type of to the real protection scope of the present invention
Any restriction, more non-is confined to this by protection scope of the present invention.
Inventor is that the composition adjustment that have passed through repeatedly is tested with consumption, pays creative work and just obtains this
Bright.To be enumerated is only some preferred embodiments, the embodiment of this limited number of time exhaustive,
Those skilled in the art can adjust other components and ratio accordingly, and its effect can be expected, should be the most all the present invention
Disclosure in the range of.
It addition, unless stated otherwise, below number used by component be weight portion.
Embodiment 1
A kind of microbial manure, it is microcapsule microbial fertilizer, including cyst wall and the capsule heart, described capsule pericardium
Containing following component, its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 5 parts;
Organic 5 parts;
Bentonite 20 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
This microcapsule microbial fertilizer preparation method is as follows:
(1) with bentonite as carrier, add organic matter and trace element fully absorbs, formed rich in middle trace unit
The organic carrier of element;
(2) then biological bacteria proceeding to ferment tank 24h, fermentation liquor low-temperature negative-pressure is concentrated in vacuo to substance
Long-pending 40%, obtains bacterium concentrated solution;
(3) in bacterium concentrated solution, add the weight of the organic carrier that step (1) obtains, concentrated solution and organic carrier
Ratio is 0.5:1, mix homogeneously, fluid bed drying, baking temperature 50 ± 1 DEG C, obtains preliminary fertilizer;
(4) after being mixed homogeneously with the Chinese medicine slag of solid by preliminary fertilizer, pelletize process is carried out, to form microorganism
Fertiliser granulates;
(5) solid particle 10 that step (4) obtains stirred in the moving air produced by fluid bed, hang
Floating, chitosan film forming liquid that injection is come in makes solid particles surface moistening and is the most gradually dried to be formed and has thickness
Thin film;When solid particle is blown to cylinder top, owing to cross-sectional area increases, the air velocity at top reduces,
Result air can not the granule of suspension heartwood more for a long time, then granule at the bottom of post land;In the circulation risen, land
During Wang Fu, there is the thickness of 10-100um as the solid particle of heartwood by peplos, now stop spraying, return
Receive the microcapsule generated.
Embodiment 2
With reference to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1, described capsule pericardium is containing following component:
Middle trace element 6 parts;
Organic 6 parts;
Bentonite 25 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Embodiment 3
With reference to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1, described capsule pericardium is containing following component:
Middle trace element 8 parts;
Organic 8 parts;
Bentonite 30 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 2, and as different from Example 2, described capsule pericardium is containing following component:
Middle trace element 6 parts;
Organic 6 parts;
Bentonite 25 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Preparation method is with reference to embodiment 2, but does not add Chinese medicine slag in preparation process, omits step (4)
" preliminary fertilizer is mixed homogeneously with the Chinese medicine slag of solid ".
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 1, as different from Example 1,
A kind of microbial manure, including following component, its content is weight portion meter:
Middle trace element 5 parts;
Organic 5 parts;
Bentonite 20 parts;
Chinese medicine slag 10 parts;
Biological bacteria 3 parts.
Preparation method is with reference to embodiment 2, but preparation process omits step (5).
Obtain to the crop (fruit tree) of experiment field 1-5 corresponding applying embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 respectively
Microbial manure, i.e. the microbial manure of embodiment 1 applies the fruit tree in experiment field 1, embodiment 2 micro-
Bio-feritlizer applies the fruit tree in experiment field 2, and the microbial manure of embodiment 3 applies the fruit tree in experiment field 3,
The microbial manure of comparative example 1 applies the fruit tree in experiment field 4, and the microbial manure of comparative example 2 applies experiment
The fruit tree in field 5, all there is an equal amount of canker in the fruit tree of experiment field 1-5;Use same amount one
With difference observation experiment result after 3 months after Yue.Wherein embodiment 1-3 is applied fertilizer 1 time, and comparative example 2 applies fertilizer 2
Secondary.
Experimental result finds:
After one month, the fruit tree putrefaction disease of embodiment 1-3 diminishes, and after three months, fruit tree rotten place disappears.
And the rotten place increase after month of the fruit tree of comparative example 1, after three months, rotten place area increases.Right
The fruit tree of ratio 2 also has the rotten place of less area after 3 months.
Embodiment 1-3, comparative example 2 are respectively as follows: 12% relative to the volume increase ratio of comparative example 1, and 15%, 14%,
8%.
Soil after not applying microbial manure and applying microbial manure 3 months is detected, detection knot
Fruit is as follows:
Should be appreciated that the purposes of these embodiments is merely to illustrate the present invention and is not intended to limit the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.Additionally, it will also be appreciated that after the technology contents having read the present invention, those skilled in the art
The present invention can make various change, amendment and/or modification, and all these equivalent form of value falls within this Shen equally
Please be within the protection domain that limited of appended claims.