CN105944696A - 一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于高分子技术领域,涉及一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法。本发明采用丙烯酰胺、2‑丙烯酰胺基-2‑甲基丙磺酸、N‑羟甲基丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠作为主要原料,制备方法包括:制备微凝胶乳液→制备微凝胶沉淀→制备混合液→滴注造粒→丙酮处理→自然干燥。该方法使海藻酸钠/聚合物复合凝胶的整个制备工艺更易控制且制得产品粒径均匀,球形度好,所制备产品在强酸条件下有很高的稳定性,便于吸附剂的再生处理,且具有优异的铜离子吸附能力。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于高分子技术领域,尤其涉及一种用海藻酸钠和微凝胶复合制备粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的方法。
背景技术:
随着电镀、采矿、电池等工业的发展,废水中Pb(II),Cu(II),Cr(III)/Cr(VI),Zn(II)等重金属离子直接或间接排入水中而造成环境污染。吸附技术因应用范围广,操作条件简单、吸附剂易于再生等众多优势而备受关注。开发高效、低廉的重金属吸附剂具有重要意义。水凝胶因其具有三维网络结构、亲水溶胀性、含有众多离子交换和螯合作用基团、易于再生、可循环利用等特点而具有作为重金属吸附剂的潜在优势。
海藻酸钠是α-L-古洛糖醛酸(G单元)和β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M单元)依靠β-1,4-糖苷键连结而成的聚合物。因海藻酸钠含有羧基而具有吸附多种重金属离子的能力,如吸附Pb2+,Cd2+,及Cu2+。海藻酸钠通过钙离子交联易于制备粒状凝胶。此外,海藻酸钠具有产量大、可溶解、可再生、无毒、可生物降解、价格低廉等众多作为吸附剂的优势。然而,单纯的海藻酸钠钙交联凝胶具有机械强度差、强酸再生时部分溶解及在废水中可被细菌降解的缺点,因而制约了其作为吸附剂的工业应用。
通过在海藻酸钠凝胶中添加其它聚合物网络,可以提高其强度及在强酸中的稳定性。传统海藻酸钠聚合物复合凝胶为块体凝胶,需要干燥、粉碎方能获取颗粒状凝胶,因而使得制备粒状海藻酸钠聚合物凝胶过程复杂且能耗大。J.Polym.Res.(2013)20:101公开了一种通过一步聚合法制备海藻酸钠接枝丙烯酸粒状水凝胶的方法,但在制备过程中需要添加助剂和分散剂,且所制备水凝胶颗粒表面形貌粗糙。专利号为ZL201110219824.4的中国专利公开了一种采用自然干燥态聚合物制备丙烯酰胺基微凝胶复合水凝胶的方法,含羟甲基的微凝胶在干燥过程中可以与酰胺基交联形成网络结构,但未涉及在粒状凝胶中含羟甲基微凝胶的交联作用。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种采用海藻酸钠和微凝胶复合制备粒状凝胶方法。
本发明是通过以下方式实现的:
一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:
步骤1,制备微凝胶乳液
采用反相乳液聚合法,用氮气常温下驱氧后,25到32℃引发反应制备含N-羟甲基的微凝胶乳液,其组分和质量百分比为:
环己烷:38-43%
丙烯酰胺:17-19%
2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS):2-3%
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺:2-3%
N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺:0.001-0.002%
OP10:1-2%
SP20或SP80:4-5%
水:28-32%
过硫酸铵:0.003-0.02%
亚硫酸氢钠:0.003-0.02%
步骤2,制备微凝胶沉淀
将步骤1制备的微凝胶乳液用丙酮破乳获得微凝胶沉淀备用;
步骤3,制备混合液
将步骤2制备的微凝胶沉淀与海藻酸钠、水混合获得混合液,其组分和质量百分比为:
微凝胶沉淀:4-14%
海藻酸钠:0.5-1%
水:85-95%
步骤4,滴注造粒
将步骤3制备的混合液滴入氯化钙溶液中,静置,然后过滤并用丙酮脱除部分水分,自然干燥后获得粒状海藻酸钠/微凝胶复合凝胶。
上述一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征是步骤4中氯化钙溶液中的氯化钙质量分数为4%。
具体的制备工艺可概括为:
制备微凝胶乳液→制备微凝胶沉淀→制备混合液→滴注造粒→丙酮处理→自然干燥。
本发明采用丙烯酰胺和AMPS作为主要单体,N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺作为功能单体,采用反相乳液聚合法制备含N-羟甲基的微凝胶乳液作为与海藻酸钠复合的聚合物,将制备出微凝胶破乳沉淀后,加入一定量的水与海藻酸钠物理混合后获得混合液,然后通过滴注造粒的方法制备微凝胶/海藻酸钠复合粒状凝胶。该方法使海藻酸钠/聚合物复合凝胶的整个制备工艺更易控制且制得产品粒径均匀,球形度好,所制备产品在强酸条件下有很高的稳定性,便于吸附剂的再生处理,且具有优异的铜离子吸附能力。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的四个最佳实施例。
实施例1:
在500ml的烧瓶中加入42g丙烯酰胺,5gAMPS,4.8gN-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,0.004g N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,70ml水,加入2.5g OP-10,10gSP80,充分搅拌后,加入110ml环己烷,用氮气驱氧30分钟后升温至30℃,加入0.5ml质量分数为1%过硫酸铵和0.5ml质量分数为5%的亚硫酸氢钠作为引发剂,反应3小时获得含N-羟甲基的微凝胶乳液。
取10g微凝胶乳液用丙酮沉淀。
取1.5g微凝胶沉淀,加入28g水,0.25g海藻酸钠,用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌混合。
将混合液用注射器滴入100ml质量分数为4%的氯化钙溶液中,静置过夜,产品过滤,加入蒸馏水洗涤三次并过滤,加入50ml丙酮静置10分钟并过滤,然后将凝胶自然晾干即可得到粒度均匀的海藻酸钠/微凝胶复合干凝胶。
性能测试:
在约10mmol/l的硝酸铜溶液中测试其铜离子吸附量,凝胶的铜离子吸附量计算公式如下:
q——铜离子吸附量;c0,c——吸附前后铜离子的浓度;m—干凝胶的质量;吸附温度为25℃,采用752C紫外分光光度计测定吸附前后铜离子的吸光度,结合标准曲线获取铜离子的浓度。
将凝胶放入1mol/l的盐酸溶液中测试其强酸溶液中的稳定性,
其结果如下:
铜离子吸附量为0.41mmol/g。在1mol/l的盐酸溶液中放置两天,未见凝胶破坏。
实施例2:
取3g微凝胶沉淀,加入30g水,0.25g海藻酸钠,其它同实施例1。
性能测试同实施例1,其结果如下:
铜离子吸附量为0.23mmol/g。在1mol/l的盐酸溶液中放置三天,未见凝胶破坏。
实施例3:
取5g微凝胶沉淀,加入32g水,0.25g海藻酸钠,其它同实施例1。
性能测试同实施例1,其结果如下:
铜离子吸附量为0.21mmol/g。在1mol/l的盐酸溶液中放置四天,未见凝胶破坏。
实施例4:
在500ml的烧瓶中加入43g丙烯酰胺,5gAMPS,5gN-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,0.004g N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,70ml水,加入2.5g OP-10,10gSP80,1gSP20,充分搅拌后,加入130ml环己烷,用氮气驱氧30分钟后升温至26℃加入0.3ml质量分数为5%过硫酸铵和0.7ml质量分数为5%的亚硫酸氢钠作为引发剂,反应3小时获得含N-羟甲基的微凝胶乳液。
取10g微凝胶乳液用丙酮沉淀。
取4g微凝胶沉淀,加入30g水,0.25g海藻酸钠,用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌混合。
将混合液用注射器滴入100ml质量分数为4%的氯化钙溶液中,静置过夜,产品过滤,加入蒸馏水洗涤三次并过滤,加入50ml丙酮静置10分钟并过滤,然后将凝胶自然晾干即可得到粒度均匀的海藻酸钠/微凝胶复合干凝胶。
性能测试:
在约30mmol/l的溶液中测试其铜离子吸附量,其它测试同实施例1,其结果如下:
铜离子吸附量为0.61mmol/g。在1mol/l的盐酸溶液中放置两天,未见凝胶破坏。
Claims (2)
1.一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
(1)制备微凝胶乳液
采用反相乳液聚合法,用氮气常温下驱氧后,25到32℃引发反应制备含N-羟甲基的微凝胶乳液,其组分和质量百分比为:
环己烷:38-43%,
丙烯酰胺:17-19%,
2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS):2-3%,
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺:2-3%,
N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺:0.001-0.002%,
OP10:1-2%,
SP20或SP80:4-5%,
水:28-32%,
过硫酸铵:0.003-0.02%,
亚硫酸氢钠:0.003-0.02%;
(2)制备微凝胶沉淀
将步骤(1)制备的微凝胶乳液用丙酮破乳获得微凝胶沉淀备用;
(3)制备混合液
将步骤(2)制备的微凝胶沉淀与海藻酸钠、水混合获得混合液,其组分和质量百分比为:
微凝胶沉淀:4-14%,
海藻酸钠:0.5-1%,
水:85-95%;
(4)滴注造粒
将步骤(3)制备的混合液滴入氯化钙溶液中,静置,然后过滤并用丙酮脱除部分水分,
自然干燥后获得粒状海藻酸钠/微凝胶复合凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粒状水凝胶型重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征是步骤(4)氯化钙溶液中的氯化钙质量分数为4%。
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