CN105939691A - 椎间体应用的脊柱植入物 - Google Patents

椎间体应用的脊柱植入物 Download PDF

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CN105939691A
CN105939691A CN201480059302.4A CN201480059302A CN105939691A CN 105939691 A CN105939691 A CN 105939691A CN 201480059302 A CN201480059302 A CN 201480059302A CN 105939691 A CN105939691 A CN 105939691A
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spinal implant
coating
texture
implant
substrate
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CN105939691B (zh
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史蒂文·梅斯登
文森特·锡奥
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Sports Medicine Co
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

用于放置在两块椎骨之间的脊柱植入物(1、5、6),包括基底(16)和在脊柱植入物外表面上的促进所述植入物被人体接纳的至少一个整合层(17),所述植入物的基底(16)由生物相容性聚合物材料形成并且在它的外表面上包括整合层(17),所述脊柱植入物具有其中相邻的局部极值之间的距离小于1mm的纹理,其中,所述整合层(17)是涂敷在所述基底(16)上的涂层的形式。

Description

椎间体应用的脊柱植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及根据第一项权利要求的前序部分限定的脊柱植入物,例如旨在替换两块椎骨之间受损的椎间盘。
背景技术
这样的脊柱植入物对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的。例如,US2012/0312778 A1描述了一种椎间体脊柱植入物。该脊柱植入物包括上表面、下表面、相对的侧面、相对的前部和后部、基本中空的中心区和单个垂直孔穴。上述表面中的至少一个形成具有有规律重复图案的粗糙的表面形貌。上述植入物包括基底(更具体地为植入物的主体),和在主体的顶部上的设置有粗糙表面形貌的整合层(更具体地为整合板)。根据特定的实施方式,上述整合板由钛制成,因为钛是示出良好的细胞粘附性质的金属,而良好的细胞粘附性质是身体植入物所期望的性质,因为这一性质能够改善愈合效果。根据US2012/0312778A1中记载的其它实施方式,植入物的主体由常在身体植入物中使用的塑料材料聚醚醚酮(PEEK)制成。PEEK是产生较弱的细胞粘附的高度惰性的材料。使用设置有粗糙表面形貌的钛整合板,覆盖该聚合物材料。通过在钛整合板上直接进行减成或加成处理,来获得整合层的粗糙形貌。
但是,这样的植入物具有缺陷。钛是非常硬的材料,具有比骨骼大的刚度(弹性模量):这导致植入物逐渐嵌入到椎骨的终板中,从而可能使患者有相当大的痛苦。PEEK主体与钛整合板的组合抵消了一点钛的刚性的缺点,但是仍然有相当大的损害相邻椎骨的风险。
发明内容
因此,提供一种对损害相邻椎骨的风险降低,同时受益于钛的促细胞生长的特征的脊柱植入物,是本发明的一个目标。
根据本发明,上述目标通过示出第一项权利要求的特征部分的技术特征的脊柱植入物来实现。
另外,脊柱植入物的整合层是涂敷在基底上的涂层的形式。
已经发现,基底上的上述涂层可具有大幅降低的厚度。因此,植入物示出聚合物基底具有更好的弹性和/或刚度性质,这样特别在使用含金属的涂层时,降低了椎骨受损的风险。另一方面,上述涂层的存在可提供改善的细胞粘附性质,从而获得改善的愈合效果。换句话说,这样的配置能赋予例如PEEK更适合的机械性质,因此例如降低了嵌入椎骨终板中的风险,同时改善了涂层的促细胞生长的特征。这样的组合例如使稳定的骨桥发育加速,并且使患者愈合更快。
还发现,通过在基底上涂覆涂层,可使整合层的厚度降低至纳米级。例如可通过使用溅射沉积技术进行该涂覆步骤。在该过程中,例如将高能离子束(例如氩束)喷射到钛片上,并且该高能离子束使钛原子释放,该钛原子随后沉积在要被涂覆的物体上。使用这一过程,可以产生例如精度在纳米级范围内的受控的厚度,从而能得到相对薄的涂层。因此,当使用涂覆技术时,可将纹理涂敷在生物相容性聚合物材料中和/或生物相容性聚合物材料上,例如直接涂敷在生物相容性聚合物材料中,随后使用涂层覆盖该聚合物材料中的纹理,同时基本不改变该纹理;在该纹理中,相邻的局部极值(local extrema)之间的距离、优选深度小于1mm,例如在微米级范围内。在不希望受到任何理论束缚的情况下,相信这是因为在相邻的局部极值之间的距离(优选深度)和涂层的厚度之间的相对大的差异造成的。因此,基本通过基底的纹理限定植入物的纹理。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述涂层是含金属的涂层。已经发现,这样的涂层可相对容易地通过溅射技术来涂敷,并且可赋予改善的细胞粘附性质。
根据本发明的更优选的实施方式,含金属的涂层的金属是由钛、铝、钒、钽、不锈钢和这些材料的合金组成的组中的一种。已经发现,这些金属、尤其是钛,具有非常好的促细胞生长的特征,并且改善愈合。更优选地,上述含金属的涂层是金属涂层。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述含金属的涂层包括金属涂层。
根据本发明的更优选的实施方式,上述金属涂层的金属是钛和钛合金中的一种。优选地,上述金属涂层是钛涂层。已经发现,钛具有良好的细胞粘附性质,因此赋予了良好的愈合性质。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述含金属的涂层包括金属氧化物,例如钛氧化物,该金属氧化物的金属是由钛、铝、钒、钽、不锈钢和这些材料的合金组成的组中的一种。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述涂层包括磷酸钙、羟磷灰石中的任一种或多种。已经发现,这些材料还赋予了良好的细胞粘附性质。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述涂层是无定形、晶体、多晶、纳米晶体等中任一种的形式。
进一步发现,这样的涂层、特别是含钛的涂层、例如钛涂层,从基底、例如PEEK基底上剥落的风险相对小,因为该涂层,特别是厚度为0.3nm~5μm、优选为100nm~2,5μm、更优选为250nm的涂层遵循基底的变形,这进一步改善了弹性和/或刚度性质。例如,这样的性质避免了涂层从基底上剥落。特别当使用可见涂层、诸如钛涂层时,250nm的涂层使例如必须进行手术的从业者、例如外科医生能目视检查涂层存在于植入物中。
此外,特别当涂层包括含金属的涂层时,基底上的涂层的减小的厚度、例如上述厚度,还改善了脊柱植入物例如对于X-射线,例如在传统X-射线摄影和/或X-射线计算机断层摄影(CT)、磁共振成象(MRI)和/或单光子发射型计算机断层摄影(SPECT)中的X-射线的透明度,这样的植入物在X-射线图像上不太明显,从而更好地看见周围的身体组织、例如骨组织。因此,例如当监控愈合过程时,可更清楚且更明显地观察和识别出例如骨桥的形成,以及例如植入物的特定位置。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述纹理被设计成凹痕和/或孔洞的形式,优选凹痕的形式。已经发现,这样的纹理赋予了良好的细胞粘附性质。优选地,上述凹痕和/或孔洞遵循周期图案。例如,凹痕的周期图案、优选平行凹痕的周期图案,其中凹痕具有在200nm和1μm之间或更高的深度,例如在200nm和2μm之间或甚至500nm~1500nm的深度,优选在1,0μm和2,0μm之间的深度及在1μm和20μm之间或甚至在1μm和10μm之间的宽度,例如约500nm的深度和约4μm的宽度。根据优选实施方式,优选在0,5μm和1,5μm之间、更优选在1,0μm和1,5μm之间的深度,和例如约7μm的宽度。已经发现,表面粗糙度和/或波度可改善植入物表面的细胞粘附性质。例如,已经发现凹痕能增加细胞粘附性质,因为它们诱导细胞接触的诱导(cell contact guidance)。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述纹理被设计为凹痕的形式。根据本发明的又一优选实施方式,上述凹痕至少包括第一组基本平行的凹痕。根据本发明的其它实施方式,上述凹痕至少包括第一组和第二组基本平行的凹痕,这两组凹痕彼此交叉,形成四边形阵列形式的网格。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述整合层位于基底的外表面上,这使上述整合层和人体细胞之间能够发生更直接的接触,从而优化植入物在人体内的整合,从而优化愈合。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,相邻的局部极值之间的距离在0,3μm和150μm之间,优选在0,5μm和130μm之间。已经发现,这样的距离赋予上述整合层粗糙的纹理并且进一步改善细胞粘附性质,并且增加人体和脊柱植入物之间的接触表面。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述整合层具有纳米级的厚度。已经发现,这样的厚度赋予植入物更好的弹性,并且减小椎骨受损的风险。优选,上述整合层的厚度在0,3nm和5μm之间,优选在100nm和2,5μm之间,更优选为约250nm,或甚至为250nm。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述含金属的涂层具有纳米级的厚度。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述金属涂层具有纳米级的厚度。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述生物相容性聚合物是包括聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、超高分子量的聚乙烯的组中的一种,优选是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。已经发现,这样的材料具有适于临床应用,例如作为脊柱植入物的机械性质。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述整合层的厚度基本保持恒定。已证实上述整合层的基本恒定的厚度、优选恒定的厚度,使得脊柱植入物的纹理不会被改变。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述整合层不是多孔的。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述脊柱植入物是椎间融合器(intersomaticcage)。椎间融合器的实例例如在WO2011/054958中所记载的。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述含金属的涂层位于接触椎骨的表面上,使上述整合层和人体细胞之间发生更直接和/或亲密的接触,从而优化人体对植入物的耐受性,从而优化愈合。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述植入物包括在接触椎骨的表面之间延伸的空腔,并且上述含金属的涂层的至少一部分位于该空腔的外表面上。已经发现,这样的空腔可使在与接触椎骨的表面接触的椎骨之间发生更亲密的相互连接。
本发明还涉及一种制造根据本发明的脊柱植入物的方法。该方法包括使对具有纹理的基底进行涂覆,以使所述基底的外表面具有涂层。已经发现,该涂覆方法很容易实现。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述涂覆通过基本不需要加热基底(例如包括如上所述的PEEK)的技术来进行,例如通过物理气相沉积、优选冷气沉积技术(cold vapour deposition technique)、优选溅射沉积技术,例如通过直流(DC)溅射、交流(AC)溅射、射频(RF)溅射、反应性溅射中的一种或组合来进行,例如以制造金属氧化物涂层。已经发现,该技术能产生受控的涂层厚度,从而在聚合物材料、例如PEEK上生成均匀的钛涂层。使用这样的溅射沉积技术能在纳米级的精度内控制上述整合层的厚度,从而精确地监控这一过程。尽管不太优选,但也可以使用其它物理气相沉积技术,诸如等离子体沉积。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,在溅射过程中,使离子束,优选氩束、优选高能离子束指向表面,优选含金属的表面、例如金属表面、例如钛表面、例如含金属的片状物、例如金属片,以从所述表面释放原子、例如金属原子,并且其中,使释放的原子随后沉积在所述基底的纹理上。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,通过模塑,例如在这样的实施方式中使用所提供的模具进行注塑,制成上述基底,可相对容易地制成较大数量的基底。
根据本发明的更优选的实施方式,上述模具被设置有模具纹理,该模件纹理与所述基底的纹理互补,设置该模具的纹理以在基底的模塑、例如注塑过程中产生所述基底的纹理。这样的模具甚至允许通过模塑连续产生基底,而不需要在模塑之后的独立步骤中,在基底上提供上述纹理。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,上述模具基本由钢、例如不锈钢制成。
根据本发明的又一优选实施方式,通过刻蚀工艺、优选化学刻蚀,在所述模具内制造上述纹理。例如,通过激光加热上述纹理的图案,然后例如通过化学刻蚀,将经加热的区域至少部分刻蚀掉,从而在模件中创建模具纹理。尽管可以使用其它技术、例如光刻法或电子束刻蚀法,在模具中施加上述纹理,但这样的技术更易于施加于模具中的典型的弯曲表面。
通过所附的附图和对本发明的优选实施方式的描述,根据本发明的脊柱植入物和方法的其它细节和优点将变得更加清晰。
附图说明
图1a示出了根据本发明的脊柱植入物、更具体为椎间融合器、更具体为中央椎间融合器的透视图。
图1b示出了根据本发明的脊柱植入物的套件的视图。
具体实施方式
图1a中示出的中央椎间融合器1具有位于骨组织空腔4的两侧上的第一侧壁2和第二侧壁3。如图中所示,优选两个侧壁2、3明显是平坦的。此外,由于侧壁2和侧壁3的设计,可以两种可能的方式将该中央椎间融合器1放置在两块椎骨之间。如图1中所示,每一侧壁2和侧壁3都优选包括开口7,一旦将中央椎间融合器1植入在两块椎骨之间,开口7允许进行用于骨-整合的血液循环。但是,这样的开口7对于本发明来说不是关键的,可以被省略。
如图1所示的植入物1基本是柱形,但是这对于本发明来说不是关键的,可使用本领域技术人员认为合适的其它形状。
如图1a和图1b所示的中央椎间融合器1包括两个金属指示器8(其中一个没有在图1a上示出),例如由钽(但其它材料也可以)制成的两个金属指示器8,以便使用例如X-射线成像技术检测一旦将中央椎间融合器植入到患者体内,中央椎间融合器就没有移动。
如图1a和图1b所示的中央椎间融合器1优选包括能使其与其它椎间融合器区分开的机械雕刻9。该机械雕刻9对于本发明来说不是关键的。
例如,使用例如融合器夹持器(图1a中未示出),以后部单侧的方式(posterior unilateral way)将中央椎间融合器1植入到两块椎骨之间的空间中。
优选地,已使用γ-射线对中央椎间融合器1进行了消毒。
根据例如患者的形态,上述椎间融合器可单独使用,或与其它椎间融合器结合使用。
图1b是根据本发明的三个脊柱植入物的套件10的透视图。尽管几个脊柱植入物对获得期望结果来说可能是必要的,但是这对于本发明来说不是关键的,因为一个脊柱植入物也可能是足够的,或者有例如两个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个或甚至更多个脊柱植入物1。
在图1b中具体示出的套件10包括两个椎间融合器5、6以及一个中央椎间融合器1。但是套件10的确切配置对于本发明来说不是关键的
套件10的椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1各包括两个用于骨组织的空腔4,以及开口7,一旦椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1植入到(优选腰椎的)椎骨之间的空间内,开口7就允许进行用于骨-整合的血液循环。但是空腔4的数量、大小、形状和存在对于本发明来说不是关键的,可由本领域技术人员根据期望的配置来决定。
此外,套件10的椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1包括用于固定融合器夹持器的固定件15。固定件可以是本领域技术人员认为合适的任意部件,例如可以是孔洞的形式,例如用于容纳螺钉的螺孔。但是,这对于本发明来说不是关键的,可以是本领域技术人员认为合适的其它配置。
中央椎间融合器1具有侧壁2和侧壁3,其中侧壁2和侧壁3明显是平坦的,并且用于形成分别适合于椎间融合器6的内表面11和椎间融合器5的内表面12的接触表面。内表面11和内表面12也明显是平坦的。如图中所示,椎间融合器6的外表面13和椎间融合器5的外表面14优选明显从侧面弯曲,以在上述融合器5和融合器6引入到椎骨之间之后,有利于它们移动。
使用根据本发明的套件10,外科医生可根据患者的形态,决定在两个椎骨之间植入具有或没有中央椎间融合器1的椎间融合器5和椎间融合器6。另外,椎间融合器之间的空间适合于患者的形态,从而能使用单一尺寸的植入物来配合类型非常广泛的形态。
椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1包括能对其进行鉴别的机械雕刻9。将指示“II”雕刻在融合器1上,并且将指示“I”和“III”分别雕刻在融合器5和融合器6上。这些机械雕刻9对于本发明来说不是关键的。
此外,已使用γ-射线对根据本发明的套件10的椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1进行了消毒。
另外,如图1b中所示,椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和中央椎间融合器1优选包括两个钽指示器8(其中一个没有在图1b上示出),以便使用X-射线成像技术检测一旦将中央椎间融合器植入到患者体内,中央椎间融合器就没有移动。
植入物1、植入物5、植入物6包括基底16。如在图中可见的,基底16优选形成植入物的实质部分。如可在图中进一步可见的,植入物进一步包括在脊柱植入物的外表面上的至少一个整合层17。为了清楚,仅示出了在基底16的顶部上的整合17。但是这对于本发明来说不是关键的,整合层17还可以被设置在其它表面上,诸如侧壁2、侧壁3、基底的底部等。优选地,整合层17位于基底16的外表面上,和/或整合层17位于接触椎骨的表面18和/或空腔4的外表面上。
根据本发明的植入物,例如椎间融合器5、椎间融合器6和图1a中示出的中央椎间融合器1的基底16由生物相容性聚合物制成,该生物相容性聚合物例如为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、超高分子量的聚乙烯(UMHPWE)中的任一种或多种。但是,上述基底优选基本由单种生物相容性聚合物,例如PEEK制成。
优选地,纹理被设计在PEEK表面上,其中相邻的局部极值之间的距离小于1mm,例如在微米级范围内。在将整合层涂覆在上述纹理上之后,由于整合层的相对小的厚度,上述纹理可基本不受影响。
整合层17例如是被涂敷在基底上的含金属的涂层的形式。上述含金属的涂层可以是仅有金属的涂层的形式。在本发明的又一实施方式中,上述含金属的涂层可以是覆盖有金属氧化物层、例如钛氧化物层的仅有金属的层(例如钛),其中金属氧化物层、例如钛氧化物层可以是金属暴露于空气而发生自然氧化的结果,或使用溅射技术进行沉积,例如相同的溅射技术和/或反应性溅射的结果。本发明的另一实施方式是在基底上的含金属的涂层,该含金属的涂层例如仅是金属氧化物,例如使用溅射技术沉积的钛氧化物层。
整合层17例如还可以是磷酸钙涂层的形式,例如该磷酸钙涂层可被溅射到基底16的顶部上,或与含金属的涂层组合涂敷。例如,整合层17可以是磷酸钙涂层的形式,该磷酸钙涂层可被溅射到之前被涂敷的含金属的涂层、优选金属涂层、更优选钛涂层的顶部上。

Claims (25)

1.一种用于放置在两块椎骨之间的脊柱植入物(1、5、6),包括基底(16)和在所述脊柱植入物外表面上的促进所述植入物被人体接纳的至少一个整合层(17),所述植入物的基底(16)由生物相容性聚合物材料形成并且在外表面上包括所述整合层(17),所述脊柱植入物具有纹理,在所述纹理中,相邻的局部极值之间的距离小于1mm,
其特征在于,所述整合层(17)是涂敷在所述基底(16)上的涂层的形式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述涂层是含金属的涂层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述涂层的金属是由钛、铝、钒、钽、不锈钢和这些金属的合金组成的组中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述含金属的涂层包括金属涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述金属涂层的金属是钛和钛合金中的一种,更优选是钛。
6.根据权利要求2~5中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述含金属的涂层包括金属氧化物,例如钛氧化物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述涂层包括磷酸钙、羟磷灰石中的任一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述纹理被设计为凹痕和/或孔洞的形式。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述整合层位于所述基底的外表面上。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述相邻的局部极值之间的距离,优选深度,在0.3μm和150μm之间,优选在0.5μm和130μm之间。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述整合层具有纳米级的厚度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述整合层的厚度为0.3nm~5μm,优选在100nm和2.5μm之间,更优选为250nm。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述生物相容性聚合物选自包括聚醚酮酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、超高分子量的聚乙烯(UMHPWE)的组。
14.根据权利要求13所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述生物相容性聚合物是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述整合层的厚度基本保持恒定。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述脊柱植入物是椎间融合器。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述整合层位于接触椎骨的表面上。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物,其中,所述植入物包括在接触椎骨的表面之间延伸的空腔,并且其中,所述涂层的至少一部分位于所述空腔的外表面上。
19.一种制造前述权利要求中任一项所述的脊柱植入物的方法,包括对具有纹理的基底进行涂覆,以使所述基底的外表面具有涂层。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中,所述涂覆通过物理气相沉积、优选溅射沉积技术来进行,例如通过DC溅射、AC溅射、RF溅射中的任一种或组合来进行。
21.根据权利要求19~20中任一项所述的方法,其中,在溅射过程中,使离子束,优选氩束、优选高能离子束指向表面,优选含金属的表面、例如金属表面、例如钛表面、例如含金属的片状物、例如金属片,以从所述表面释放原子、例如金属原子,并且其中,使释放的所述原子随后沉积在所述基底的纹理上。
22.根据权利要求19~21中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述基底通过模塑制成,例如使用所提供的模具进行注塑制成。
23.根据权利要求19~22中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述模具设置有模具纹理,所述模具纹理与所述基底的纹理互补,设置所述模具的纹理以在所述基底的模塑、例如注塑过程中产生所述基底的纹理。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中,通过刻蚀工艺、优选化学刻蚀,在所述模具内制造所述模具纹理。
25.根据权利要求22~24中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述模具基本由钢、例如不锈钢制成。
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