CN105929437B - A kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier - Google Patents
A kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier Download PDFInfo
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- CN105929437B CN105929437B CN201610434290.XA CN201610434290A CN105929437B CN 105929437 B CN105929437 B CN 105929437B CN 201610434290 A CN201610434290 A CN 201610434290A CN 105929437 B CN105929437 B CN 105929437B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/208—Circuits specially adapted for scintillation detectors, e.g. for the photo-multiplier section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/248—Silicon photomultipliers [SiPM], e.g. an avalanche photodiode [APD] array on a common Si substrate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2921—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/2928—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras using solid state detectors
Abstract
A kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier comprising: doubleclocking module, synchronic domain measurement module activate bin flag module, the spatial distribution module of photon, infinitesimal shroud module, coding mode control module, compression and transmission module.Optical signal and analog signal in the earliest stages of photoelectric conversion are converted into digital signal and in the data transfers of compression to host computer or signal processing units by the invention.The system can realize digitlization in the earliest stages that avalanche diode responds photon, have many advantages, such as time and space resolution ratio is preferable, calculation amount is small, favorable repeatability, system it is adaptable, independent of beam characteristics and inherent characteristic in beam data can be learnt.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-energy physics and particle physics application, nuclear medicine equipment and Biomedical Photonics field, especially
It is related to a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier.
Background technique
Silicon photoelectric multiplier is a kind of array of multiple avalanche diode compositions to work under count mode.In the device
The infinitesimal (Mirco-Cell) for forming array is avalanche diode, can quickly respond effect photon.Due to effect photon
Number is both greater than 1 in overwhelming majority application, thus it is necessary to which avalanche diode is made into array, to respond different number of light
Son.Within a shorter time cycle, the infinitesimal number for responding photon is closed with the corresponding of dullness that be desired to have for injecting photon
System.According to this corresponding relationship, measuring infinitesimal number can reflect that the stream for injecting photon beam is strong indirectly.
Silicon photoelectric multiplier in the application in flashing optical detection, faint light detection, quantum physics and high-energy physics experiment,
Activation infinitesimal number at the beginning of needing to mark photon beam and in a period of time.Existing silicon photoelectric multiplier sensing technique
Generally use analog current adduction/Electric signal processing two-step pretreatment mode.Wherein, analog current adduction refers to micro- to each
The analog electrical signal of member sums up, and Electric signal processing refers to this total analog current (or on some resistance device
Voltage) signal progress signal processing, obtain its time started and activation infinitesimal number.
Existing Electric signal processing method includes: that (Leading Edge Discrimination, below letter are screened in forward position
Claiming LED) method is most simple also most common SiPM Electric signal processing method, it can be integrated in analog chip and use in large quantities
Make the reading circuit in flashing detector system, is defined as: the rising edge of scintillation pulse passes through the time point of discriminator.Before
It is different along the flip-flop transition offset expectation that the pulse screened to different amplitudes obtains.This shows that the big pulse of amplitude is first got over
It crosses discriminator, and crosses discriminator after the small pulse of amplitude.Or explain are as follows: fixed threshold divided by pulse different amplitudes
Obtained relative threshold is different.The small situation of relative threshold, flip-flop transition, which advances to, comes；The big situation of relative threshold, is turned over
Turn time retardation arrival.
In order to solve the defect of forward position examination, researcher develops constant proportion using delay line and screens (Constant
Fraction Discrimination, hereinafter referred to as CFD) method.In the method, scintillation pulse is divided into two-way, respectively
Together input comparator is sent into after delay cell and attenuation units.Or postpones all the way and amplify feeding comparator, another way
It is sent directly into comparator.The zero crossing of comparator output is demarcated as the arrival time of scintillation pulse.Constant proportion discriminating method is resonable
The error that the time marks is brought by scintillation pulse difference amplitude is above eliminated.Its principle can be construed to one and pulse height
Relevant threshold value obtains the flip-flop transition in forward position, or pulse-shaping is construed to an ambipolar filter to be ambipolar
Signal obtain zero passage flip-flop transition again.However, being used since the constant fraction discriminator of better performances needs the delay line of high bandwidth
The PET system that constant proportion is screened has high cost.In addition, the performance that constant proportion is screened is very dependent on given parameter,
The parameter regulation that constant proportion is screened in the case that port number is more can greatly increase the difficulty of exploitation.
Forward position is screened and constant proportion examination all has analog- and digital- version.It is many multiple after scintillation pulse is digitized
It is miscellaneous but accurately Time Estimation Method gradually in existing system using coming.
Xie Qingguo was obtained using rising edge fitting process in 2005 and is screened similar temporal resolution with constant proportion, and by
The digitlization of scintillation pulse can be realized with lower cost in this method, produce large effect in academia.Its method
Essence be with several cross threshold point fitting straight line, then using the intercept of the straight line as when the arrival of scintillation pulse
Between.
The multi-threshold method of average is a kind of conciser method to grow up on the basis of Xie Qing state method, realizes step
It suddenly is that fitting/intercept in Xie Qing state method is simplified for the average value of multi-threshold point, the calculation amount of this method is small, and does not have
The time labeling method of slope term is more stable for noise.
Energy normalized discrimination method is addition energy normalized operation when screening ahead of the curve.Since this method has been corrected
The time migration error of forward position discrimination method, thus it is higher than the accuracy of forward position discrimination method.However, this method requires flashing
The Aristogrid of pulse sample rate with higher, thus be restricted in the application of real system.
Since above method usually carries out the processing of beam signal after infinitesimal electric current adduction, information is received greatly
It detracts, shows slightly insufficient in temporal resolution, flexibility ratio is low or needs higher calculation amount, it is necessary to propose a kind of time resolution
Rate is good, calculation amount is small, the on piece read-out system of the more flexible silicon photoelectric multiplier of structure, real in the earliest stages of photoelectric conversion
Now to the direct digitization of beam information.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier, the system energy
Digitlization is realized in the earliest stages of avalanche diode response photon, with time and space resolution ratio is preferable, calculation amount is small, can weigh
Renaturation is good, it is system it is adaptable, independent of beam characteristics and the advantages that the inherent characteristic in beam data can be learnt.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier, comprises the following modules:
Doubleclocking module 100 obtains doubleclocking source signal from input end of clock, or from one for obtaining two-way clock
Road input end of clock obtains clock signal, and another way carries out frequency dividing or process of frequency multiplication, one of clock according to the road signal
(clock source A) frequency is 1~100 MHz, another (clock source B) is 100~500MHz, is respectively used to driving activation infinitesimal mark
Remember that (assuming that a total of S infinitesimal, every M infinitesimal forms a synchronic measurement field, then N for array and N number of time-to-digit converter
=S/M)；
Synchronic domain measurement module 200, for the temporal information of infinitesimal to be reflected to the spatial distribution to delay chain, according to
The syntople of infinitesimal establishes the time measuring circuit of synchronic measurement field to each infinitesimal, belongs to the same synchronic survey
The infinitesimal for measuring domain, the fast signal end of infinitesimal is exported to delay chain；
Bin flag module 300 is activated, for the spatial distribution of flag activation infinitesimal, it is micro- to establish activation for each infinitesimal
Meta-tag array RA, within (clock source A) each clock cycle, record is distributed by the infinitesimal of photon excitation；
The spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for all time-to-digit converter settling time occupied state array RB,
In (clock source B) each clock cycle, record by the Annual distribution of photon excitation；
Infinitesimal shroud module 500, each infinitesimal carry out job control by invalid markers, will be in necrosis or performance
Poor infinitesimal is shielded；
Coding mode control module 600 establishes array R for each infinitesimalAAnd RBConfigurable infinitesimal coding number it is single
Member, the configurable infinitesimal work is under compact model or non-compressed mode；
Compression and transmission module 700, it is single by the infinitesimal coding number being configured under the compact model in module 630
Member transmits compressed digitized samples, encodes configuration parameter, reduction according to compressed digitized samples and known infinitesimal
Activate the space-time Joint Distribution of infinitesimal.
Input end of clock detection module 110 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, detects the input condition of two-way clock, if
Have and export all the way, call phase shift block 120, if there is frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is then called in two-way output；
Phase shift block 120 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, when systems scan to two-way clock input when, it is therein all the way
Clock will be by Clock Managing Unit, phase shift to alignment another way clock；
Frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, and when only clock inputs system all the way, what is detected is another
It when clock interface does not have clock signal or weak output signal all the way, is divided by only signal all the way, generates another way letter
Number.
Synchronic measurement field division module 210 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, belongs to not for dividing infinitesimal
Synchronic same measurement field, total infinitesimal number S and open ended total time digital quantizer number N according to present in system,
Determine synchronic measurement field of infinitesimal；
Delay chain module 220 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for carrying out to each synchronic measurement field
Time propagates measurement, by the fast signal for belonging to the infinitesimal of the same synchronic measurement field while being input to a delay altogether
On chain, every level-one delay chain is fanned out to by level-one trigger；
Delay chain read module 230 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for reading the temporal information of delay chain
To trigger, the driving clock of trigger is provided by clock source B, each clock cycle reads the time measurement of time lag of first order chain
Information.
Infinitesimal pulse chopping module 310 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, and the slow delivery outlet of infinitesimal is by comparing
Circuit carries out copped wave processing, guarantees the output of its positivity not past range；
Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, according to infinitesimal pulse chopping module
Chopping signal is exported and gives Schmitt trigger by the chopping signal in 310, is adjusted the pulse width of output signal, is made it equal to
The period of clock source A in module 100；
Bin flag module 330 is activated, activation bin flag module 300, signal period of the infinitesimal in clock source A are under the jurisdiction of
Inside whether it is activated by activation bin flag array RARecord, the refreshing frequency of activated matrix is by the clock mentioned in module 100
The frequency of source A is determined, according to the trigger pulse of the adjustment width in Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320, marks response bit
It sets and whether is activated.
Anti- metastable state igniter module 410 is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for preventing metastable state phenomenon
Occur, the anti-metastable state trigger of level-one is reconnected after the trigger in module 230；
Time occupied state array registration module 420, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for depositing the time
Occupied state array, according to the output situation of the anti-metastable state trigger in anti-metastable state igniter module 410, anti-metastable state touching
Anti- metastable state trigger in hair device module 410, which exports, gives time occupied state array RB, record the measurement of each delay chain
As a result；
Time occupied state sparsity representation module 430, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, is accounted for according to the time
With the delay chain measurement result in status array registration module 420, using sparsity representation method to original delay chain survey
As a result it is compressed.
Failure testing module 510 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for establishing test environment, assesses each infinitesimal
Be protected from light with the size of current under strong light, wherein index label j be protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current be respectively Ij dAnd Ij s, by two
Size of current under kind environment is exported to infinitesimal performance module 120；
Infinitesimal performance module 520 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for assessing the working performance of each infinitesimal, really
Whether each fixed infinitesimal fails, according to the ratio I for being protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current in module 510j d/Ij s, definition failure mark
Remember matrix, works as Ij d/Ij sWhen greater than failure threshold, it is believed that the infinitesimal is in failure or low performance state, which is joined
Number (noise power ratio) is transferred to infinitesimal disabled module 130；
Infinitesimal disabled module 530 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, is joined according to the working performance of infinitesimal performance module 120
Number, by given threshold, obtains the whether forbidden label of each infinitesimal, disables corresponding infinitesimal, making property further according to label
The feeder ear open circuit of infinitesimal that can be poor.
Coding control module 610, coding mode control module 600, for controlling the switch of coding mode, coding-control is closed
When closing, directly each infinitesimal of detector export without coding, obtain the space-time hit probability ratio of each infinitesimal；
Encoder matrix obtains module 620, coding mode control module 600, when according to infinitesimal in coding control module 610
Empty hit probability ratio, defines the optimization aim of coding, minimum in the cum rights error of coding, obtains encoder matrix；
Coding module 630, coding mode control module 600 after obtaining encoder matrix, obtain module according to encoder matrix
Encoder matrix in 620 carries out coding output to each infinitesimal of detector, reduces data volume to be transmitted.
Solve encoder matrix generation module 710, be under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, on host computer to encoder matrix into
The preparatory inverting of row obtains decoding matrix and is read into memory, for being decoded to data；
Data obtaining module 720 is transmitted, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, the delay chain time state square of transmission
Battle array and activation infinitesimal array data are read in memory from interface, then data address is exported and restores mould to infinitesimal array data
Block；
Infinitesimal array data recovery module 730, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, to the infinitesimal number of arrays in memory
Infinitesimal array data memory module 440 is conveyed to according to progress reduction treatment, then by array data；
Infinitesimal array data memory module 740, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, for by the space-time data of infinitesimal
It is stored.
Preferably, in the on piece read-out system of above-mentioned silicon photoelectric multiplier, the light beam arrival time is light beam
One constant constant of time delay that the time of beginning or light beam start, the constant are suitable for all silicon light of whole system
Electric multiplier.
Preferably, in the on piece read-out system of above-mentioned silicon photoelectric multiplier, the silicon photoelectric multiplier it is fast defeated
Outlet refers to the fast signal end by the direct high-frequency coupling of resistance is quenched, and pulse width is less than the signal period of clock source B.
Preferably, in the on piece read-out system of above-mentioned silicon photoelectric multiplier, the silicon photoelectric multiplier it is slow defeated
Outlet refers to the relatively slow signal end slowed down by resistance signal blocking is quenched, and pulse width is less than prolonging for Schmitt trigger
Late.
Preferably, in the on piece read-out system of above-mentioned silicon photoelectric multiplier, the failure of the silicon photoelectric multiplier
Threshold value refers to infinitesimal effectively with an invalid boundary value, and the value is strictly less than 1.
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that by using the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier of the invention, energy
Acquisition time label and its parameter under lower calculation amount.Since this method does not need in advance to carry out the output pulse of detector
Modeling, therefore there is more preferably universality and practicability.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) better temporal resolution；
(2) less calculation amount；
(3) adaptability to detector person's character and subsidiary autolearn feature；
(4) to the monitoring property and metrizability of data volume sensibility.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, be described below in it is for the present invention
Attached drawing is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, what is do not made the creative labor
Under the premise of, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of delay chain readout time of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier, this method can effectively retain earliest stages
Infinitesimal data, raising meets temporal resolution, reduces the calculation amount of time labeling method, and has to detector extensive suitable
Ying Xing.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is retouched in detail
It states, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other implementation obtained without making creative work
Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier disclosed by the invention, by with the photon pulse of multidimensional
Self attributes, using the original space-time data of infinitesimal, the coding parameter for recycling optimization process to obtain and functional form conduct
Time label, specifically includes:
Doubleclocking module 100 obtains doubleclocking source signal from input end of clock, or from one for obtaining two-way clock
Road input end of clock obtains clock signal, and another way carries out frequency dividing or process of frequency multiplication, one of clock according to the road signal
(clock source A) frequency is 1~100 MHz, another (clock source B) is 100~500MHz, is respectively used to driving activation infinitesimal mark
Remember that (assuming that a total of S infinitesimal, every M infinitesimal forms a synchronic measurement field, then N for array and N number of time-to-digit converter
=S/M)；
Synchronic domain measurement module 200, for the temporal information of infinitesimal to be reflected to the spatial distribution to delay chain, according to
The syntople of infinitesimal establishes the time measuring circuit of synchronic measurement field to each infinitesimal, belongs to the same synchronic survey
The infinitesimal for measuring domain, the fast signal end of infinitesimal is exported to delay chain；
Bin flag module 300 is activated, for the spatial distribution of flag activation infinitesimal, it is micro- to establish activation for each infinitesimal
Meta-tag array RA, within (clock source A) each clock cycle, record is distributed by the infinitesimal of photon excitation；
The spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for all time-to-digit converter settling time occupied state array RB,
In (clock source B) each clock cycle, record by the Annual distribution of photon excitation；
Infinitesimal shroud module 500, each infinitesimal carry out job control by invalid markers, will be in necrosis or performance
Poor infinitesimal is shielded；
Coding mode control module 600 establishes array R for each infinitesimalAAnd RBConfigurable infinitesimal coding number it is single
Member, the configurable infinitesimal work is under compact model or non-compressed mode；
Compression and transmission module 700, it is single by the infinitesimal coding number being configured under the compact model in module 630
Member transmits compressed digitized samples, encodes configuration parameter, reduction according to compressed digitized samples and known infinitesimal
Activate the space-time Joint Distribution of infinitesimal.
Input end of clock detection module 110 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, detects the input condition of two-way clock, if
Have and export all the way, call phase shift block 120, if there is frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is then called in two-way output；
Phase shift block 120 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, when systems scan to two-way clock input when, it is therein all the way
Clock will be by Clock Managing Unit, phase shift to alignment another way clock；
Frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, and when only clock inputs system all the way, what is detected is another
It when clock interface does not have clock signal or weak output signal all the way, is divided by only signal all the way, generates another way letter
Number.
Synchronic measurement field division module 210 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, belongs to not for dividing infinitesimal
Synchronic same measurement field, total infinitesimal number S and open ended total time digital quantizer number N according to present in system,
Determine synchronic measurement field of infinitesimal；
Delay chain module 220 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for carrying out to each synchronic measurement field
Time propagates measurement, by the fast signal for belonging to the infinitesimal of the same synchronic measurement field while being input to a delay altogether
On chain, every level-one delay chain is fanned out to by level-one trigger；
Delay chain read module 230 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for reading the temporal information of delay chain
To trigger, the driving clock of trigger is provided by clock source B, each clock cycle reads the time measurement of time lag of first order chain
Information.
Infinitesimal pulse chopping module 310 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, and the slow delivery outlet of infinitesimal is by comparing
Circuit carries out copped wave processing, guarantees the output of its positivity not past range；
Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, according to infinitesimal pulse chopping module
Chopping signal is exported and gives Schmitt trigger by the chopping signal in 310, is adjusted the pulse width of output signal, is made it equal to
The period of clock source A in module 100；
Bin flag module 330 is activated, activation bin flag module 300, signal period of the infinitesimal in clock source A are under the jurisdiction of
Inside whether it is activated by activation bin flag array RARecord, the refreshing frequency of activated matrix is by the clock mentioned in module 100
The frequency of source A is determined, according to the trigger pulse of the adjustment width in Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320, marks response bit
It sets and whether is activated.
Anti- metastable state igniter module 410 is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for preventing metastable state phenomenon
Occur, the anti-metastable state trigger of level-one is reconnected after the trigger in module 230;
Time occupied state array registration module 420, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for depositing the time
Occupied state array, according to the output situation of the anti-metastable state trigger in anti-metastable state igniter module 410, anti-metastable state touching
Anti- metastable state trigger in hair device module 410, which exports, gives time occupied state array RB, record the measurement of each delay chain
As a result；
Time occupied state sparsity representation module 430, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, is accounted for according to the time
With the delay chain measurement result in status array registration module 420, using sparsity representation method to original delay chain survey
As a result it is compressed.
Failure testing module 510 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for establishing test environment, assesses each infinitesimal
Be protected from light with the size of current under strong light, wherein index label j be protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current be respectively Ij dAnd Ij s, by two
Size of current under kind environment is exported to infinitesimal performance module 120；
Infinitesimal performance module 520 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for assessing the working performance of each infinitesimal, really
Whether each fixed infinitesimal fails, according to the ratio I for being protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current in module 510j d/Ij s, definition failure mark
Remember matrix, works as Ij d/Ij sWhen greater than failure threshold, it is believed that the infinitesimal is in failure or low performance state, which is joined
Number (noise power ratio) is transferred to infinitesimal disabled module 130；
Infinitesimal disabled module 530 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, is joined according to the working performance of infinitesimal performance module 120
Number, by given threshold, obtains the whether forbidden label of each infinitesimal, disables corresponding infinitesimal, making property further according to label
The feeder ear open circuit of infinitesimal that can be poor.
Coding control module 610, coding mode control module 600, for controlling the switch of coding mode, coding-control is closed
When closing, directly each infinitesimal of detector export without coding, obtain the space-time hit probability ratio of each infinitesimal；
Encoder matrix obtains module 620, coding mode control module 600, when according to infinitesimal in coding control module 610
Empty hit probability ratio, defines the optimization aim of coding, minimum in the cum rights error of coding, obtains encoder matrix；
Coding module 630, coding mode control module 600 after obtaining encoder matrix, obtain module according to encoder matrix
Encoder matrix in 620 carries out coding output to each infinitesimal of detector, reduces data volume to be transmitted.
Solve encoder matrix generation module 710, be under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, on host computer to encoder matrix into
The preparatory inverting of row obtains decoding matrix and is read into memory, for being decoded to data；
Data obtaining module 720 is transmitted, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, the delay chain time state square of transmission
Battle array and activation infinitesimal array data are read in memory from interface, then data address is exported and restores mould to infinitesimal array data
Block；
Infinitesimal array data recovery module 730, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, to the infinitesimal number of arrays in memory
Infinitesimal array data memory module 440 is conveyed to according to progress reduction treatment, then by array data；
Infinitesimal array data memory module 740, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, for by the space-time data of infinitesimal
It is stored.
In the on piece read-out system of above silicon photoelectric multiplier, the point source of the use is less than the ten of detector line
/ mono-, or when detector size is less than 1 centimetre, the plate source of 1cm is less than using the thickness for being diagonal to detector line.
In the on piece read-out system of above silicon photoelectric multiplier, the light beam arrival time is the time that light beam starts
Or one constant constant of time delay that light beam starts, the constant are suitable for all silicon photoelectric multipliers of whole system.
In the on piece read-out system of above silicon photoelectric multiplier, the fast delivery outlet of the silicon photoelectric multiplier refer to by
The fast signal end of the direct high-frequency coupling of resistance is quenched, pulse width is less than the signal period of clock source B.
In the on piece read-out system of above silicon photoelectric multiplier, the slow delivery outlet of the silicon photoelectric multiplier refer to by
The relatively slow signal end that resistance signal blocking slows down is quenched, pulse width is less than the delay of Schmitt trigger.
In the on piece read-out system of above silicon photoelectric multiplier, the failure threshold of the silicon photoelectric multiplier refers to micro-
A first effective and invalid boundary value, the value is strictly less than 1.
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier of the present invention；Fig. 2 is delay chain of the present invention reading
The schematic diagram of time.In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, by several specific embodiments, to the time label side of photoelectric multiplier of the present invention
Method and its infinitesimal array code system are described further.The time labeling method of photoelectric multiplier proposed by the present invention and its micro-
Element array coded system, set division, function deriving mode and its priority orders, coded system, the performance threshold being related to
Value parameter needs to be adjusted according to the characteristics of obtaining data to reach enough statistic properties.It is answered involved in listing herein
With the parameter of embodiment processing data.
Example 1: the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier
The parameter that the present embodiment 1 handles data is listed herein:
For the clock source A used in module 100 for 50MHz, clock source B is 200MHz, is inputted by two clock ports, in total
There is 64x64=4096 infinitesimal；
There are 32 delay chains in S=4096 in module 200, M=128, N=32,128 infinitesimals form a synchronic measurement
Domain；
The trigger settling time used in module 300 for 2.1 ns, 1.8 ns of retention time；
The time span of the every level-one of the delay chain used in module 400 is 51 ps；
Failure threshold is set as 0.4 in module 500；
Configuration register has 4096 groups, every group 8 in module 600；
Data-interface is transmitted in module 700 uses gigabit Ethernet mouth, peak velocity 92Mbytes/s, using greatly seemingly
It so is estimated as objective function, obtains the spatial and temporal distributions of infinitesimal.
Example 2: the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier
The parameter that the present embodiment 2 handles data is listed herein:
For the clock source A used in module 100 for 40MHz, clock source B is 240MHz, is inputted by two clock ports, in total
There is the shared 64x6 infinitesimal in 64x64=4096；
There are 16 delay chains in S=4096 in module 200, M=256, N=16,256 infinitesimals form a synchronic measurement
Domain；
The trigger settling time used in module 300 for 3.1 ns, 2.8 ns of retention time；
The time span of the every level-one of the delay chain used in module 400 is 55 ps；
Failure threshold is set as 0.3 in module 500；
Configuration register has 4096 groups, every group 16 in module 600；
Data-interface is transmitted in module 700 uses Fast Ethernet mouth, peak velocity 9.0Mbytes/s, using very big
Posterior probability is objective function, obtains the spatial and temporal distributions of infinitesimal.
Example 3: the on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier
The parameter that the present embodiment 3 handles data is listed herein:
For the clock source A used in module 100 for 10MHz, clock source B is 100MHz, is inputted by two clock ports, in total
There is 128x64=9192 infinitesimal；
There are 64 delay chains in S=9192 in module 200, M=128, N=64,128 infinitesimals form a synchronic measurement
Domain；
The trigger settling time used in module 300 for 2.3 ns, 3.8 ns of retention time；
The time span of the every level-one of the delay chain used in module 400 is 58 ps；
Failure threshold is set as 0.5 in module 500；
Configuration register has 4096 groups, every group 64 in module 600；
Data-interface is transmitted in module 700 uses ten thousand mbit ethernet mouths, peak velocity 1.23Gbytes/s, using weighting
Least square is objective function, obtains the spatial and temporal distributions of infinitesimal activation.
The present invention relates to high-energy physics and particle physics application, nuclear medicine equipment and biomedical diagnosis and treatment field, especially relate to
And a kind of on piece read-out system and its infinitesimal array code system of silicon photoelectric multiplier.
It, can be in lower calculating by comparison as can be seen that using time labeling method and cross validation method of the invention
Measure lower acquisition time label and its parameter.Since this method does not need in advance to model the output pulse of detector,
With more preferably universality and practicability.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) better temporal resolution；
(2) less calculation amount；
(3) adaptability to detector person's character and subsidiary autolearn feature；
(4) to the monitoring property and metrizability of data volume sensibility.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier, by with the photon pulse self attributes of multidimensional, using infinitesimal
Original space-time data, the coding parameter and functional form for recycling optimization process to obtain are as digitized transmission data, tool
Body includes:
Doubleclocking module 100, for obtaining two-way clock, from input end of clock obtain doubleclocking source signal, or from all the way when
Clock input terminal obtains clock signal, and another way carries out frequency dividing or process of frequency multiplication according to the road signal, and wherein clock source A frequency is
1~100MHz, clock source B are 100~500MHz, are respectively used to driving activation bin flag array and N number of time-to-digital converter
Device；A total of S infinitesimal, every M infinitesimal form a synchronic measurement field, then N=S/M；
Synchronic domain measurement module 200, for the temporal information of infinitesimal to be reflected to the spatial distribution to delay chain, according to infinitesimal
Syntople, the time measuring circuit of synchronic measurement field is established to each infinitesimal, belongs to the same synchronic measurement field
Infinitesimal, the fast signal end of infinitesimal is exported to delay chain；
Bin flag module 300 is activated, for the spatial distribution of flag activation infinitesimal, establishes activation infinitesimal mark for each infinitesimal
Remember array RA, within clock source A each clock cycle, record is distributed by the infinitesimal of photon excitation；
The spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for all time-to-digit converter settling time occupied state array RB, in clock
In source B each clock cycle, record by the Annual distribution of photon excitation；
Infinitesimal shroud module 500, each infinitesimal carry out job control by invalid markers, will be poor in necrosis or performance
Infinitesimal shielded；
Coding mode control module 600 establishes array R for each infinitesimalAAnd RBConfigurable infinitesimal encode digital units, should
Configurable infinitesimal work is under compact model or non-compressed mode；
Compression and transmission module 700 encode digital units by the infinitesimal being configured under the compact model in module 630, pass
Defeated compressed digitized samples encode configuration parameter, activation by reduction according to compressed digitized samples and known infinitesimal
The space-time Joint Distribution of infinitesimal.
2. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that doubleclocking module
100 include:
Input end of clock detection module 110 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, the input condition of two-way clock is detected, if there is one
Phase shift block 120 is then called in road output, if there is frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is then called in two-way output；
Phase shift block 120 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, when systems scan to two-way clock inputs, clock all the way therein
It will be by Clock Managing Unit, phase shift to alignment another way clock；
Frequency multiplication frequency division module 130 is under the jurisdiction of doubleclocking module 100, when system only clock input all the way, the another way detected
It when clock interface does not have clock signal or weak output signal, is divided by only signal all the way, generates another way signal.
3. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that time-domain is surveyed altogether
Measuring module 200 includes:
Synchronic measurement field division module 210 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for divide infinitesimal belong to it is different
Synchronic measurement field, total infinitesimal number S and open ended total time digital quantizer number N according to present in system determine
Synchronic measurement field of infinitesimal；
Delay chain module 220 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, for carrying out the time to each synchronic measurement field
Measurement is propagated, by the fast signal for belonging to the infinitesimal of the same synchronic measurement field while being input to a delay chain altogether
On, every level-one delay chain is fanned out to by level-one trigger；
Delay chain read module 230 is under the jurisdiction of synchronic domain measurement module 200, and the temporal information for reading delay chain is extremely touched
Device is sent out, the driving clock of trigger is provided by clock source B, and the time that each clock cycle reads time lag of first order chain measures letter
Breath.
4. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that activation infinitesimal mark
Remember that module 300 includes:
Infinitesimal pulse chopping module 310 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, and the slow delivery outlet of infinitesimal is by comparing circuit
Copped wave processing is carried out, guarantees the output of its positivity not past range；
Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320 is under the jurisdiction of activation bin flag module 300, according in infinitesimal pulse chopping module 310
Chopping signal, chopping signal is exported and gives Schmitt trigger, the pulse width of output signal is adjusted, makes it equal to module
The period of clock source A in 100；
Bin flag module 330 is activated, activation bin flag module 300 is under the jurisdiction of, infinitesimal is in the signal period of clock source A
It is no to be activated by activation bin flag array RARecord, the refreshing frequency of activated matrix is by the clock source A's that mentions in module 100
Frequency is determined that, according to the trigger pulse of the adjustment width in Schmitt pulse width modulation module 320, whether is label response position
It is activated.
5. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the space of photon
Distribution module 400 includes:
Anti- metastable state igniter module 410 is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, for preventing metastable state phenomenon from occurring,
The anti-metastable state trigger of level-one is reconnected after trigger in module 230；
Time occupied state array registration module 420, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, occupies for depositing the time
Status array, according to the output situation of the anti-metastable state trigger in anti-metastable state igniter module 410, anti-metastable state trigger
Anti- metastable state trigger in module 410, which exports, gives time occupied state array ball, records the measurement result of each delay chain；
Time occupied state sparsity representation module 430, is under the jurisdiction of the spatial distribution module 400 of photon, according to time occupied state battle array
Delay chain measurement result in column registration module 420 gives original delay chain measurement result using sparsity representation method
Compression.
6. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that infinitesimal shielding
Module 500 includes:
Failure testing module 510 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for establishing test environment, assesses each infinitesimal and is keeping away
Size of current under light and strong light, wherein the be protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current of index label j are respectively IjdAnd Ij s, by two kinds of rings
Size of current under border is exported to infinitesimal performance module 120；
Infinitesimal performance module 520 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, for assessing the working performance of each infinitesimal, determines every
Whether one infinitesimal fails, according to the ratio I for being protected from light electric current and strong photoelectric current in module 510j d/Ij s, define invalid markers square
Battle array, works as Ij d/Ij sWhen greater than failure threshold, it is believed that the infinitesimal is in failure or low performance state, by the working parameters,
That is noise power ratio is transferred to infinitesimal disabled module 130；
Infinitesimal disabled module 530 is under the jurisdiction of infinitesimal shroud module 500, according to the working parameters of infinitesimal performance module 120,
By given threshold, obtain the whether forbidden label of each infinitesimal, disable corresponding infinitesimal further according to label, make performance compared with
The feeder ear open circuit of the infinitesimal of difference.
7. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that coding mode control
Molding block 600 includes:
Coding control module 610, coding mode control module 600, for controlling the switch of coding mode, coding-control is closed
When, directly each infinitesimal of detector export without coding, obtains the space-time hit probability ratio of each infinitesimal；
Encoder matrix obtains module 620, and coding mode control module 600 is hit according to the infinitesimal space-time in coding control module 610
Middle likelihood ratio defines the optimization aim of coding, minimum in the cum rights error of coding, obtains encoder matrix；
Coding module 630, coding mode control module 600 after obtaining encoder matrix, obtain in module 620 according to encoder matrix
Encoder matrix, coding output is carried out to each infinitesimal of detector, reduces data volume to be transmitted.
8. a kind of on piece read-out system of silicon photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that compression and biography
Defeated module 700 includes:
Encoder matrix generation module 710 is solved, compression and transmission module 700 are under the jurisdiction of, encoder matrix is carried out on host computer pre-
First inverting obtains decoding matrix and is read into memory, for being decoded to data；
Transmit data obtaining module 720, be under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, the delay chain time state matrix of transmission with
It activates infinitesimal array data to read in memory from interface, then data address is exported and gives infinitesimal array data recovery module；
Infinitesimal array data recovery module 730, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, to the infinitesimal array data in memory into
Row reduction treatment, then array data is conveyed to infinitesimal array data memory module 440；
Infinitesimal array data memory module 740, is under the jurisdiction of compression and transmission module 700, for carrying out the space-time data of infinitesimal
Storage.
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| EP2176685A2 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2010-04-21 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Silicon photomultiplier readout circuitry |
| US9210350B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-12-08 | Omnivision Technologies, Inc. | Low power imaging system with single photon avalanche diode photon counters and ghost image reduction |
| CN203858371U (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-10-01 | 东莞理工学院 | Read-out device for two-dimensional position-sensitive neutron detector |
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