CN105907914B - A kind of method for making steel for extending the oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span using CO2 - Google Patents
A kind of method for making steel for extending the oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span using CO2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105907914B CN105907914B CN201610456380.9A CN201610456380A CN105907914B CN 105907914 B CN105907914 B CN 105907914B CN 201610456380 A CN201610456380 A CN 201610456380A CN 105907914 B CN105907914 B CN 105907914B
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- mixed
- bottom blowing
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- oxygen
- hydrocarbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath
Abstract
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, is related to one kind and utilizes CO2Extend the method for making steel in oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span, the main blowing in bottom of the invention is O2And CO2Mixed gas, protective gas is hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas, and smelt stage control bottom blowing O according to the different of oxygen bottom blowing converter2And CO2Mixed gas and hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Ratio is mixed into, utilizes CO2With iron, carbon endothermic heat of reaction and CO2The characteristics of not polluting molten steel, bottom blowing nozzle outlet temperature is reduced, reduce hydrocarbon consumption, improve steel quality, so as to extend the service life of oxygen bottom blowing converter, reduce smelting cost.The present invention is applied to 30 ~ 350 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converter, and the stove of the life of bottom 300 ~ 600 of oxygen bottom blowing converter can be improved using the present invention, and ton steel smelting cost reduces by 2 ~ 3 yuan, and endpoint molten steel carbon oxygen product reduces by 0.0002 ~ 0.0004.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to utilize CO the invention belongs to metallurgical technology field2Extend the steel-making in oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span
Method.
Background technology
Oxygen bottom blowing converter significantly improves the stirring condition of converter, and slag-steel reaction, can be in slag close to poised state
In（FeO）Substantially carbon is removed to low-carbon field under the conditions of not increased, suitable a large amount of production low-carbon steel grades；By bottom blowing oxygen and
Bottom blowing slag former（Such as pulverized limestone）It is combined, p and ses that can be in efficient removal molten iron, and reduces disappearing for iron and steel stock and slag material
Consumption；Oxygen bottom blowing converter possesses the advantage that conventional top and bottom combined blown converter is difficult to match in excellence or beauty in terms of metallurgical effect.
But due to bottom big flow injecting oxygen, melting bath stirring is strong, and the element such as oxygen and Si, Mn, Fe, C is anti-
Very exothermic is answered, the temperature of the top reaction zone of bottom blowing pure oxygen nozzle is up to 2000 ~ 2400 DEG C, to bottom blowing nozzle and surrounding lining brick
Cause extremely serious threat；A certain proportion of nitrogen is mixed into bottom blowing oxygen, or replaces pure oxygen although to have with dry air
Helping reduce bottom temperature, but a large amount of nitrogen pick-up of molten steel can be caused, endpoint molten steel nitrogen content is exceeded, can not meet smelting demand,
Mixed nitrogen technique is simultaneously infeasible；Therefore oxygen bottom blowing converter still to be blown based on pure oxygen, causes the life of bottom relatively low in the prior art,
It is currently only 1000 ~ 2000 stoves.
At present, the method for generally use circumferential weld injection hydrocarbon, cracking heat absorption under hydrocarbon high temperature is utilized
Characteristic protects bottom blowing nozzle, but hydrocarbon is expensive, adds steel-making cost, and is blown hydrocarbon and can cause
Molten steel hydrogenation；And nitrogen is mixed into hydrocarbon will cause molten steel nitrogen pick-up, being mixed into argon gas will cause cost to increase, and nitrogen
It is bad with argon gas cooling-down effect, therefore hydrocarbon can only be used to cause nytron as protective gas in the prior art
Thing consumption is big, and smelting cost is higher.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is on the premise of steel quality is ensured, there is provided one kind utilizes CO2
Extend oxygen bottom blowing converter service life, reduce hydrocarbon consumption and smelting cost, realize and extend the oxygen bottom blowing converter longevity
Life, inexpensive quantity-produced method for making steel.
The present invention is realized by following scheme：
One kind utilizes CO2Extend the method for making steel in oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span, pass through bottom blowing nozzle in oxygen bottom blowing converter
Bottom blowing O2With CO is mixed on the basis of hydrocarbon2, the main blowing in bottom is O2And CO2Mixed gas, the protection
Gas is hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas, the O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 60%, institute
State hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 50%；Smelting process is divided into smelting by method for making steel
Initial stage, dephosphorization phase, carbon period and smelting latter stage four-stage, O is controlled according to the four-stage2And CO2Mixed gas in
CO2Be mixed into ratio and hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio, utilize CO2With iron, carbon endothermic heat of reaction
And CO2The characteristics of not polluting molten steel, the bottom blowing jet expansion temperature of oxygen bottom blowing converter is reduced on the premise of steel quality is ensured
Degree and hydrocarbon consumption, extend the service life of oxygen bottom blowing converter, reduce smelting cost.
Further, smelt initial stage, due to the addition of a large amount of cold burdens, bath temperature is relatively low, in order to be rapidly heated, reduce
Bottom blowing O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 20%, by O2It is quick with the oxidation heat liberation of the element such as silicon, manganese
Heating；Due to CO2With silicon, manganese reaction be micro- exothermic reaction, in order to strengthen protection gas cooling effect, reduce hydrocarbon with
CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 20%.
Further, in the dephosphorization phase, in order to maintain the optimal thermodynamic condition of dephosphorization, and bath temperature is controlled 1350
~ 1400 DEG C, properly increase bottom blowing O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio to 40 ~ 60%, utilize CO2Endothermic heat of reaction
Characteristics Control bath temperature is basically stable at the optimal temperature range of dephosphorization；Due to silicon, manganese, oxidation is complete substantially, properly increases
Hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio to 30 ~ 50%, reduce the consumption of hydrocarbon.
Further, in carbon period, for quick decarburization and avoid outlet temperature relatively low, according to the surplus heat control in molten bath
Bottom blowing O processed2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 10 ~ 30%；With the rise of bath temperature and the drop of carbon content
It is low, molten steel to furnace bottom erosion aggravation, reduce hydrocarbon in and CO2Mixed gas CO2Ratio is mixed into 20% ~ 30%,
By the cracking heat absorption protection bottom blowing nozzle of hydrocarbon.
Further, latter stage is smelted, with the reduction of carbon content of molten steel, DECARBONIZATION REACTION RATE is gradually reduced, and is properly increased
Bottom blowing O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio to 30 ~ 40%, part CO2Decarburizing reaction is participated in, remaining is unreacted
CO2CO partial pressures can be reduced, promote the progress of reaction between carbon and oxygen, so as to reduce endpoint molten steel carbon oxygen product；This stage bath temperature highest,
Carbon content is minimum, erosion most serious of the molten steel to furnace bottom, should largely be blown hydrocarbon to protect bottom blowing nozzle, therefore hydrocarbon
Compound and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 5%.
Further, methods described is applied to 30 ~ 350 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converter, and the 20 of total oxygen demand needed for converter smelting ~
40% is sprayed into by bottom, CO in methods described2Both alternative part O2The main blowing in bottom as oxygen bottom blowing converter, can also be replaced
For protective gas of the hydrocarbon partial as bottom blowing element；The bottom of the oxygen bottom blowing converter is disposed with an at least institute
Bottom blowing element is stated, the bottom blowing element is that Double-layer sleeve-type structure includes bottom blowing gun inner tube and circumferential weld.
Further, the O2And CO2Mixed gas by CO2Gas or dry ice powder and O2Gas passes through a bottom master
Prepared by blowing blender, the O after preparation2And CO2Mixed gas pass through the bottom blowing gun inner tube and spray into the BOTTOM OXYGEN
Gas converter；The hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas by CO2Gas or dry ice powder and hydrocarbon are by a protection
Prepared by gas mixer, the hydrocarbon can crack the gas of heat absorption, institute after preparation at high temperature for methane, propane etc.
State hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas pass through the circumferential weld and spray into the oxygen bottom blowing converter.
The present invention technical principle be：The present invention is mixed into CO in oxygen bottom blowing converter2, utilize CO2Inhaled with iron, carbon reaction
Heat and CO2The characteristics of specific heat capacity is higher, the appropriate temperature for reducing reaction zone above bottom blowing nozzle, so as to reduce oxygen bottom blowing converter
Bottom temperature, reduce the consumption of hydrocarbon, and CO2Molten steel can't be polluted after feeding molten steel, therefore can ensured
Extend the service life of oxygen bottom blowing converter on the premise of steel quality, reduce smelting cost.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：This method is applied to 30 ~ 300 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converters, by CO2It is mixed into bottom blowing O2With
Protect in gas carbon hydrogen compound, control CO respectively stage by stage2Be mixed into ratio, can be realized on the premise of steel quality is not influenceed
Oxygen bottom blowing converter long-life, inexpensive continuous production.After the present invention, the life of bottom of oxygen bottom blowing converter can improve
300 ~ 600 stoves, endpoint molten steel carbon oxygen product reduce by 0.0002 ~ 0.0004, and ton steel smelting cost reduces by 2 ~ 3 yuan.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
120 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converter process for making
The present embodiment is used for 120 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converters, and the converter bottom is disposed with 6 Double-layer sleeve-type bottom blowing guns, blown
Bottom blowing gun inner tube is with O during refining2And CO2Mixed gas is that carrier gas is blown pulverized limestone, gas supply flow 120Nm3/ min, supply
Powder flow is 480kg/min；Circumferential weld is blown propane and CO2Mixed gas carry out cooling protection, gas supply flow 12Nm3/min。
Specific smelting operation process：
Smelting initial stage, in order to be rapidly heated, the CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 0 ~ 12Nm3/ min, i.e. bottom blowing O2Middle CO2
Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 10%；Due to CO2It is micro- exothermic reaction with silicon, manganese reaction, in order to strengthen the cooling effect of protection gas, subtracts
CO in few propane2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 20%, the CO of circumferential weld2Flow is 0 ~ 2.4Nm3/min。
The dephosphorization phase, for temperature control dephosphorization, bath temperature is controlled at 1350 ~ 1400 DEG C, postpone reaction between carbon and oxygen and acutely occur
Time, now bottom blowing gun inner tube CO2Flow is 48 ~ 72Nm3/ min, i.e. bottom blowing O2Middle CO2Be mixed into ratio for 40 ~
60%, utilize CO2Endothermic heat of reaction Characteristics Control bath temperature substantially constant；Due to elements such as silicon, manganese, oxidation is complete substantially,
Therefore the CO of circumferential weld2Flow is properly increased to 4.8 ~ 6.0Nm3CO in/min, i.e. propane2Be mixed into ratio as 40 ~ 50%.
Carbon period, for quick decarburization and avoid outlet temperature relatively low, bottom blowing O is controlled according to the surplus heat in molten bath2In
CO2Be mixed into ratio as 10 ~ 20%, i.e. the CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 12 ~ 24Nm3/min；With the rise of bath temperature
With the reduction of carbon content, erosion aggravation of the molten steel to furnace bottom, the CO in propane is reduced2Ratio is mixed into 20% ~ 30%, i.e. circumferential weld
CO2Flow is 2.4 ~ 3.6Nm3/min。
Latter stage is smelted, with the reduction of carbon content of molten steel, DECARBONIZATION REACTION RATE is gradually reduced, and properly increases bottom blowing O2Middle CO2
Be mixed into ratio to 30 ~ 40%, the i.e. CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 36 ~ 48Nm3/ min, part CO2Participate in decarburizing reaction,
Remaining unreacted CO2CO partial pressures can be reduced, reduce endpoint molten steel carbon oxygen product；This stage bath temperature highest, carbon content are minimum,
Propane should be largely blown to protect bottom blowing nozzle, therefore CO in propane2The ratio that is mixed into be reduced to 0 ~ 5%, the i.e. CO of circumferential weld2Flow
For 0 ~ 0.6Nm3/min。
The inner tube of bottom blowing gun and the equal nitrogen-blow of circumferential weld after tapping.
Result of implementation shows：After process for making of 120 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converters using the present invention, the life of bottom improves about
420 stoves, ton steel smelting cost reduce about 2.3 yuan.
Embodiment 2
300 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converter process for making
The present embodiment is used for 300 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converters, and the converter bottom is disposed with 8 Double-layer sleeve-type bottom blowing guns, blown
Inner tube is with O during refining2And CO2Mixed gas is that carrier gas is blown pulverized limestone, gas supply flow 270Nm3/ min, for powder flow
For 1500kg/min；Circumferential weld Natural GasInjecting and CO2Mixed gas carry out cooling protection, gas supply flow 30Nm3/min。
Specific smelting operation process：
Smelting initial stage, in order to be rapidly heated, the CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 13.5 ~ 54Nm3/ min, i.e. bottom blowing O2In
CO2Be mixed into ratio as 5 ~ 20%；Due to CO2It is micro- exothermic reaction with silicon, manganese reaction, in order to strengthen the cooling effect of protection gas,
Reduce CO in natural gas2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 20%, the CO of circumferential weld2Flow is to 0 ~ 6Nm3/min。
The dephosphorization phase, for temperature control dephosphorization, bath temperature is controlled at 1350 ~ 1400 DEG C, postpone oxidation of coal reaction acutely hair
The CO of raw time, now bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 135 ~ 162Nm3/ min, i.e. bottom blowing O2Middle CO2Be mixed into ratio as 50
~ 60%, utilize CO2Endothermic heat of reaction Characteristics Control bath temperature substantially constant；Due to elements such as silicon, manganese, oxidation is complete substantially,
Therefore the CO of circumferential weld2Flow is properly increased to 9 ~ 12Nm3CO in/min, i.e. natural gas2Be mixed into ratio as 30 ~ 40%.
Carbon period, for quick decarburization and avoid outlet temperature relatively low, bottom blowing O is controlled according to the surplus heat in molten bath2In
CO2Be mixed into ratio as 10 ~ 20%, i.e. the CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 27 ~ 54Nm3/min；With the rise of bath temperature
With the reduction of carbon content, erosion aggravation of the molten steel to furnace bottom, CO in natural gas is reduced2Be mixed into ratio to 20 ~ 30%, i.e. circumferential weld
CO2Flow is 6 ~ 9Nm3/min。
Latter stage is smelted, with the reduction of carbon content of molten steel, DECARBONIZATION REACTION RATE is gradually reduced, and properly increases bottom blowing O2Middle CO2
Be mixed into ratio to 30 ~ 40%, the i.e. CO of bottom blowing gun inner tube2Flow is 81 ~ 108Nm3/ min, part CO2Participate in decarburizing reaction,
Remaining unreacted CO2CO partial pressures can be reduced, reduce endpoint molten steel carbon oxygen product；This stage bath temperature highest, carbon content are low, should
A large amount of Natural GasInjectings are to protect bottom blowing nozzle, therefore CO in natural gas2The ratio that is mixed into be reduced to 0 ~ 5%, the i.e. CO of circumferential weld2Stream
Measure as 0 ~ 1.5Nm3/min。
The inner tube of bottom blowing gun and the equal nitrogen-blow of circumferential weld after tapping.
Result of implementation shows：After process for making of 300 tons of oxygen bottom blowing converters using the present invention, the life of bottom improves about
350 stoves, ton steel smelting cost reduce about 2.8 yuan.
Particular embodiments described above, the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are done quantitative detailed
Illustrate, should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of.
Claims (3)
1. one kind utilizes CO2Extend the method for making steel in oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span, smelting process is divided into smelting by the method for making steel
Refining initial stage, dephosphorization phase, carbon period and smelt latter stage four-stage, it is characterised in that pass through bottom blowing nozzle in oxygen bottom blowing converter
Bottom blowing O2With CO is mixed on the basis of hydrocarbon2, the main blowing in bottom is O2And CO2Mixed gas, protective gas is carbon
Hydrogen compound and CO2Mixed gas；
O is controlled according to the four-stage2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio and hydrocarbon and CO2Mixing
CO in gas2Be mixed into ratio, utilize CO2With iron, carbon endothermic heat of reaction and CO2The characteristics of not polluting molten steel, ensureing steel quality
On the premise of reduce the bottom blowing nozzle outlet temperature and hydrocarbon consumption, extend oxygen bottom blowing converter use the longevity
Life, reduce smelting cost；
At the smelting initial stage, i.e. silicon, the manganese heat of oxidation, in order to be rapidly heated, the O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into
Ratio is 0 ~ 20%；Due to CO2It is micro- exothermic reaction with silicon, manganese reaction, it is described hydrocarbon in order to strengthen the cooling effect of protection gas
Compound and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 20%；
In the dephosphorization phase, CO is utilized2Endothermic heat of reaction Characteristics Control bath temperature be basically stable at the optimal humidity province of dephosphorization
Between, the O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 40 ~ 60%, the hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas
Middle CO2Be mixed into ratio as 30 ~ 50%；
In the carbon period, for quick decarburization and avoid outlet temperature relatively low, the O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2It is mixed
It is 10 ~ 30% to enter ratio, the hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 20 ~ 30%；
In the smelting latter stage, CO is utilized2Decarburizing reaction is promoted to continue, the O2And CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into
Ratio is 30 ~ 40%；Most serious is corroded in the smelting latter stage furnace bottom, in order to effectively protect the bottom blowing nozzle, hydrocarbonization
Compound and CO2Mixed gas in CO2Be mixed into ratio as 0 ~ 5%.
2. method for making steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described turns suitable for 30 ~ 350 tons of bottom blowing oxygen
Stove, the 20 ~ 40% of total oxygen demand are sprayed into by bottom needed for converter smelting, and the bottom of the oxygen bottom blowing converter is disposed with least one
The bottom blowing nozzle, the bottom blowing nozzle are that Double-layer sleeve-type structure includes bottom blowing gun inner tube and circumferential weld.
3. method for making steel as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the O2And CO2Mixed gas by CO2Gas or dry ice
Powder and O2Gas is prepared by the main blowing blender in a bottom, the O after preparation2And CO2Mixed gas pass through the bottom
Blow rifle inner tube and spray into the oxygen bottom blowing converter；The hydrocarbon and CO2Mixed gas by CO2Gas or dry ice powder
Prepared with hydrocarbon by protective gas blender, the hydrocarbon is that methane, propane can be at high temperature
Crack the gas of heat absorption, the hydrocarbon and CO after preparation2Mixed gas pass through the circumferential weld and spray into the BOTTOM OXYGEN
Gas converter.
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| CN201610456380.9A CN105907914B (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | A kind of method for making steel for extending the oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span using CO2 |
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| CN201610456380.9A CN105907914B (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | A kind of method for making steel for extending the oxygen bottom blowing converter life-span using CO2 |
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| CN106636537A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-10 | 北京首钢股份有限公司 | Method for prolonging bottom blowing service life of converter |
| CN107675069B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | Using CO2+O2The method that potassium steel in manganese smelting is protected in decarburization is realized in mixed gas blowing |
| CN108330242B (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | It is a kind of to utilize CO2The area pneumatic steelmaking Huo Dian is inhibited to inhale the method for nitrogen |
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| CN108359766B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-03-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of oxygen bottom blowing converter smelting process control method based on continuous measurement of molten steel temperature |
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