CN105905900B - Decompose CO2Method, system and application thereof - Google Patents
Decompose CO2Method, system and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105905900B CN105905900B CN201610279521.4A CN201610279521A CN105905900B CN 105905900 B CN105905900 B CN 105905900B CN 201610279521 A CN201610279521 A CN 201610279521A CN 105905900 B CN105905900 B CN 105905900B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002927 high level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005260 alpha ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses decompose CO2Method, system and application thereof, wherein decomposing CO2Method include: by CO2It is placed in radiation source radiation scope, to utilize ionising radiation by the CO2It is decomposed into CO and O2.Utilize decomposition CO of the invention2Method can effectively realize CO2It decomposes, is industrially there is the CO and O of utility value2, also, the device or material of release ionising radiation are taken full advantage of, and refuse reclamation is realized, zero energy consumption is equivalent to, it is at low cost and high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to CO2Decomposition technique field.
Background technique
Since the industrial revolution, the socio-economic activity of a large amount of consumption fossil energies of whole world particularly developed countries is produced
Raw CO2Accumulative discharge, results in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration and dramatically increases, caused by global warming, on sea level
The consequences such as liter, extreme weather events bring huge challenge to the survival and development of human future.Early in the late 19th century, Sweden
Scientist Si Wan Ahrrenius just proposes CO2Discharge amount may cause the warning of global warming, but to the 1970s
Just cause public extensive concern.Formally effective " the United Nations's gas that negotiation is participated in by more than 150 countries of the United Nations in 1994
Wait variation framework convention " and " Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change " signed in 1997, it explicitly points out
It include CO2, six kinds of greenhouse gases including methane etc., and be duly admitted the dense of the greenhouse gases as caused by mankind's activity
The increase of degree enhances nature greenhouse effects, and may have an adverse effect to natural ecosystems and the mankind, therefore define
Sign contract various countries greenhouse gas emission total amount discharge amount limitation, while require various countries executed according to national situation and/or
It further works out a policy meticulously and measure.After the Kyodo Protocol bookmark orders half a year, China also endorsed the agreement.Hereafter,
Preferably to fulfil the agreement, China respectively be not both issued in period China's National Climate Change Program, " in
State copes with climate change scientific and technological actions ", " " 12th Five-Year Plan " control greenhouse gas emission programme of work ", " national acclimatization
Variation strategy ", " country reply climate change planning (2014-2020) " etc. and the programme planning for coping with climate change, repeatedly
Propose greenhouse gas emission control target and the required comprehensive counter-measure in 5 to 15 years following.A few days ago, China
The autonomous contribution file of reply climate change country is had submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat in July, 2015
" strengthening reply, climate change action --- China national is independently contributed ", proposes CO2Or so discharge the year two thousand thirty reaches peak value
And strive for as early as possible up to peak, unit GDP CO2Discharge the overall goal of than 2005 decline 60%-65%.In order to reach
To above-mentioned target, this document gives the policy and measure of China's reply climate change action, the 10th article of " reinforcing section therein
It just refers to " reinforce the low-carbons such as energy-saving, renewable energy and advanced nuclear energy, carbon capture being utilized and sealed up for safekeeping in skill support "
The measure of the research and development of technology and production demonstration ".
Can be seen that carbon capture from above-mentioned background and utilize is to realize CO2Emission reduction an important channel, current one kind
Extensive emission-reduction technology mainly passes through CO2It is compressed to 10 to 15MPa and then is piped to deep-sea and sealed up for safekeeping, but should
Technology is problematic in that in terms of cost, efficiency and energy consumption.
Thus, current CO2Emission-reduction technology still has to be strengthened.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.For this purpose, one object of the present invention
It is to propose that one kind is at low cost, high-efficient, and the CO of less energy consumption2Emission reduction utilizes means.
Inventor has found by long-term theoretical research and experimental exploring: better CO2Discharge-reducing method is by CO2Directly divide
Solution is C, CO and O2, such as: Tokyo polytechnical university directly decomposes CO using oxygen vacancy ferrite2, somebody passes through plasma
Body is to CO2Directly decomposed.However, these are for decomposing CO2Energy cost is high, demand is big, for after industrial production
Cost is too high.On the other hand, it has been recognised by the inventors that nuclear energy is a kind of clean energy resource that current modern society is indispensable, but simultaneously
Certain high-level waste can be generated, ionising radiation can be discharged always；Furthermore various isotope radioactive sources used in industrial irradiation,
Also discharging ionising radiation always when it does not work.These energy ionizing radiations are actually wasted always, if it is possible to
Make full use of these release ionising radiations device or material, realize it is a kind of using ionising radiation progress CO2Decomposition technique, not only
To the CO in China2Emission control has very important meaning, and the CO and O for industrially having utility value can be generated2, also have
There is certain economic value.If can achieve at one stroke using high-level waste or waste and old isotopic source as radiation source
Three effects obtained.Thus, inventor creatively proposes CO using radiation source2The method for carrying out ionising radiation decomposition.
In turn, in the first aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of decomposition CO2Method.Reality according to the present invention
Example is applied, this method comprises: by CO2It is placed in radiation source radiation scope, to utilize ionising radiation by the CO2Be decomposed into CO and
O2。
It is surprisingly found by the inventors that utilizing decomposition CO of the invention2Method, CO can be effectively realized2It decomposes, obtains
Industrially there are the CO and O of utility value2, also, the device or material (i.e. radiation source) of release ionising radiation are taken full advantage of, it is real
Show refuse reclamation, is equivalent to zero energy consumption, it is at low cost and high-efficient.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is radioactive device or radioactive material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is selected from reactor, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste
It is at least one.Thereby, it is possible to realize refuse reclamation, it is equivalent to zero energy consumption of production.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2It is with CO2It is provided with the form for the mixture for inhibiting gas.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2By selected from solid-state, gaseous state or liquid it is at least one in the form of provide.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the inhibition gas is selected from NO2, air, SO2And N2At least one of O.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the described method comprises the following steps: will be by CO2With the first gas for inhibiting gas composition
Body mixture is placed in radiation source radiation scope, to decompose CO using ionising radiation2, second gas mixture is obtained, it is described
Second gas mixture includes CO, O2, residue CO2Inhibit gas with residue；The second gas mixture is carried out at liquefaction
Reason, to obtain liquid mixture and third gas mixture respectively, the liquid mixture is by the residue CO2It is remained with described
Remaining inhibition gas composition, the third gas mixture is by CO and O2Composition；Third gas mixture is collected, CO therein is separated
And O2, and collect respectively；And liquid mixture is collected, come back for ionising radiation decomposition.Ionising radiation decomposition efficiency as a result,
Height, CO2It decomposes abundant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the % of volume containing 0.5-1.5 in the first gas mixture, preferably 1 volume %'s
Inhibit gas.Decomposition reaction is abundant as a result,.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gas mixture first passes through pressurized treatments in advance.Ionising radiation point as a result,
It is good to solve effect.
In the second aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes one kind for decomposing CO2System.Implementation according to the present invention
Example, which includes: radiation appliance, and the radiation appliance includes: shell and the radiation source that is arranged in the shell, the spoke
Source is penetrated for the CO being located in the radiation source radiation scope2Ionising radiation is carried out, to obtain second gas mixture,
In, the CO2It is by CO2It is provided with the form for the first gas mixture for inhibiting gas composition, the second gas mixture
Include CO, O2, residue CO2Inhibit gas with residue；Liquefying device, the liquefying device and the radiation appliance phase
Even, and for carrying out liquefaction processing to the second gas mixture from the radiation appliance, to obtain liquid mixing respectively
Object and third gas mixture, the liquid mixture is by the residue CO2With the remaining inhibition gas composition, the third
Admixture of gas is by CO and O2Composition；And separator, the separator is connected with the liquefying device, and is used for
The third gas mixture from the liquefying device is separated, to obtain CO and O respectively2。
According to an embodiment of the invention, CO can be effectively realized using system of the invention2It decomposes, is industrially had
The CO and O of utility value2, also, the device or material (i.e. radiation source) of release ionising radiation are taken full advantage of, it realizes useless
Object recycles, and is equivalent to zero energy consumption, at low cost and high-efficient.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2By selected from solid-state, gaseous state or liquid it is at least one in the form of provide.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the inhibition gas is selected from NO2, air, SO2And N2At least one of O.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the % of volume containing 0.5-1.5 in the first gas mixture, preferably 1 volume %'s
Inhibit gas.CO as a result,2Decomposition reaction is abundant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gas mixture first passes through pressurized treatments in advance.Ionising radiation point as a result,
It is good to solve effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, of the invention is used to decompose CO2System further include: CO2Conveying device and liquid are mixed
Close object conveying device, the CO2Conveying device is connected with the import of the radiation appliance and for providing to the radiation appliance
CO2, the liquid mixture conveying device is connected with the liquefying device and for the liquid mixture to be delivered to
The CO2Conveying device.Byproduct of reaction can be made full use of as a result, reduces industrial pollution, realize circular response, and reduce life
Produce cost.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquefying device be suitable for using liquid nitrogen to the second gas mixture into
Row liquefaction processing.Liquefy high treating effect as a result, at low cost.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is located at the center of the shell, and the CO2Conveying dress
The outlet and the radiation source face set.Ionising radiation discomposing effect is good as a result,.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2Between conveying device and the radiation appliance and the radiation appliance
Between the liquefying device, it is provided with on-off valve.Thereby, it is possible to flexibly control the progress of reaction.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is radioactive device or radioactive material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is selected from reactor, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste
It is at least one.Thereby, it is possible to realize refuse reclamation, it is equivalent to zero energy consumption of production.
Further, based on utilization decomposition CO of the invention2Method and system can effectively decompose CO2, obtain CO and
O2, inventors have found that needing to carry out CO2Decompose (such as purification air, processing contain CO2Industrial gasses, in nuclear power product
Air updates and fuel generates), or need to obtain CO and O2(i.e. production oxygen and CO), or need to radiation energy into
When row recycles, decomposition CO of the invention can be used2Method and system realize.
Thus, in the third aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes mentioned-above decomposition CO2Method or for decomposing
CO2System, air cleaning, contain CO2Industrial gasses processing, the air in nuclear power product update and fuel generate, oxygen
With the purposes in CO acquisition or radiation energy utilization.Each specific purposes can not only be realized as a result, additionally it is possible to make full use of spoke
Source is penetrated, refuse reclamation is realized, is equivalent to zero energy consumption, so as to reduce processing cost, realizes environmentally friendly production, benefit the nation
It is favorable to the people.
Additional aspect and advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the invention and advantage will become from the description of the embodiment in conjunction with the following figures
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, in which:
Fig. 1 shows decomposition CO according to an embodiment of the invention2Method flow diagram；
Fig. 2 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for decomposing CO2System structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for decomposing CO2System structural schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc. refer to
The orientation or positional relationship shown be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description the present invention rather than
It is required that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the first aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of decomposition CO2Method.It is surprisingly found by the inventors that benefit
With decomposition CO of the invention2Method, CO can be effectively realized2It decomposes, is industrially there is the CO and O of utility value2, and
And the device or material (i.e. radiation source) of release ionising radiation are taken full advantage of, refuse reclamation is realized, zero energy is equivalent to
Consumption, it is at low cost and high-efficient.
According to an embodiment of the invention, this method is mainly using the device and material that can generate ionising radiation, such as instead
Answer heap, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste etc. to CO2Gas is irradiated, and passes through ionising radiation particle and CO2Molecule
It collides CO2It decomposes, generates the CO and O for industrially having utility value2, and by be added a certain amount of inhibitions gas inhibit CO with
O2Again reaction generates CO2。
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the invention, decomposition CO of the invention2Method include: by CO2It is placed in radiation source spoke
It penetrates in range, to utilize ionising radiation by the CO2It is decomposed into CO and O2。
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is radioactive device or radioactive material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source is selected from reactor, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste
It is at least one.Thereby, it is possible to realize refuse reclamation, it is equivalent to zero energy consumption of production.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2It is with CO2It is provided with the form for the mixture for inhibiting gas.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2By selected from solid-state, gaseous state or liquid it is at least one in the form of provide.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the inhibition gas is selected from NO2, air, SO2And N2At least one of O.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the described method comprises the following steps: will be by CO2With the first gas for inhibiting gas composition
Body mixture is placed in radiation source radiation scope, to decompose CO using ionising radiation2, second gas mixture is obtained, it is described
Second gas mixture includes CO, O2, residue CO2Inhibit gas with residue；The second gas mixture is carried out at liquefaction
Reason, to obtain liquid mixture and third gas mixture respectively, the liquid mixture is by the residue CO2It is remained with described
Remaining inhibition gas composition, the third gas mixture is by CO and O2Composition；Third gas mixture is collected, CO therein is separated
And O2, and collect respectively；And liquid mixture is collected, come back for ionising radiation decomposition.Ionising radiation decomposition efficiency as a result,
Height, CO2It decomposes abundant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the % of volume containing 0.5-1.5 in the first gas mixture, preferably 1 volume %'s
Inhibit gas.Decomposition reaction is abundant as a result,.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gas mixture first passes through pressurized treatments in advance.Ionising radiation point as a result,
It is good to solve effect.
Some specific examples according to the present invention, referring to Fig.1, decomposition CO of the invention2The process of method may include:
(1) CO is arranged in radioactive device or surrounding materials2By reacting pipe or container；
(2) by CO2Gas and 1% inhibition gas (such as NO2, air, SO2、N2O etc., behind with NO2For) pressurization after
It is filled with reacting pipe or container；
(3) using radioactive device or material (including reactor, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste etc.) to compression
CO afterwards2And NO2The irradiation of mixed gas progress a period of time；
(4) by after irradiation mixed gas be discharged, then carry out it is pressurized liquefied, the remaining gas that can not be compressed be CO and
O2Mixed gas；
(5) by CO and O2Mixed gas discharge, is separated and is collected using separator；
(6) by remaining liquid CO2And NO2Mixed gas re-fills reacting pipe or container, and supplements new CO2Gas
Body is irradiated again, and repeats step 3-5, generates CO and O2Mixed gas.
In addition, the CO2 of input can also exist to increase transfer efficiency in the form of liquid or solid-state (dry ice),
Irradiation conversion is carried out around radiation source with modes such as pile or pipelines.
In turn, in the second aspect of the present invention, the invention also provides one kind for decomposing CO2System.According to this hair
Bright embodiment can effectively realize CO using system of the invention2It decomposes, is industrially there is the CO and O of utility value2,
Also, the device or material (i.e. radiation source) for taking full advantage of release ionising radiation, realize refuse reclamation, are equivalent to zero energy
Consumption, it is at low cost and high-efficient.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the invention, referring to Fig. 2, which may include: radiation appliance 100, liquefaction
Processing unit 200 and separator 300.
Specific example according to the present invention, radiation appliance 100 include: shell 101 and the radiation that is arranged in shell 101
Source 102, radiation source 102 are used for the CO being located in 102 radiation scope of radiation source2Ionising radiation is carried out, to obtain the
Two admixture of gas, wherein the CO2It is by CO2It is provided with the form for the first gas mixture for inhibiting gas composition, institute
Stating second gas mixture includes CO, O2, residue CO2Inhibit gas with residue.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source 102 is radioactive device or radioactive material.It is according to the present invention
Some preferred embodiments, the radiation source 102 are at least one selected from reactor, accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste.
Thereby, it is possible to realize refuse reclamation, it is equivalent to zero energy consumption of production.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the CO2By selected from solid-state, gaseous state or liquid it is at least one in the form of provide.Root
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the inhibition gas is selected from NO2, air, SO2And N2At least one of O.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the % of volume containing 0.5-1.5 in the first gas mixture, preferably 1 volume %'s
Inhibit gas.CO as a result,2Decomposition reaction is abundant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gas mixture first passes through pressurized treatments in advance.Ionising radiation point as a result,
It is good to solve effect.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, liquefying device 200 is connected with radiation appliance 100, and
For carrying out liquefaction processing to the second gas mixture from radiation appliance 100, to obtain liquid mixture and respectively
Three admixture of gas, the liquid mixture is by the residue CO2With the remaining inhibition gas composition, the third gas is mixed
Object is closed by CO and O2Composition.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, separator 300 is connected with liquefying device 200, and
For being separated to the third gas mixture from liquefying device 200, to obtain CO and O respectively2。
According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, of the invention is used to decompose CO2System further include: CO2Conveying
Device 400 and liquid mixture conveying device 500, the CO2Conveying device 400 is connected with the import of the radiation appliance 100
And for providing CO to the radiation appliance 1002, the liquid mixture conveying device 500 and the liquefying device 200
It is connected and for the liquid mixture to be delivered to the CO2Conveying device 400.Byproduct of reaction can be made full use of as a result,
Industrial pollution is reduced, realizes circular response, and reduce production cost.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the liquefying device 200 is suitable for mixing the second gas using liquid nitrogen
Object carries out liquefaction processing.Liquefy high treating effect as a result, at low cost.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation source 102 is located at the center of the shell, and the CO2It is defeated
Send the outlet and 102 face of radiation source of device 400.Ionising radiation discomposing effect is good as a result,.
According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the CO2Between conveying device 400 and the radiation appliance 100
It is provided with on-off valve 600, is provided with on-off valve 700 between the radiation appliance 100 and the liquefying device 200.As a result,
The progress of reaction can flexibly be controlled.
Some specific examples according to the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3, decomposition CO of the invention2System structure and its
Implementation method is as follows:
(1) CO is arranged around radioactive device or material (i.e. radiation source 102)2By reacting pipe or container,
Silica refractory can be used to be made for reacting pipe and container；Directly radioactive material (such as isotopic source) can also be placed on
Reaction vessel interior, the container of the maskable ionising radiation such as lead can be used directly in reaction vessel at this time；
(2) reacting pipe or container are divided into three parts, comprising: entrance (including CO2Conveying device 400), conversion zone
(including radiation appliance 100), outlet section (including liquefying device 200 and separator 300), volume ratio 1:1:1),
On-off valve is respectively set in the entrance and outlet section of reacting pipe, is immersed in outlet section in liquid nitrogen；
(3) by entire reacting pipe or container vacuum-pumping；
(4) outlet section on-off valve is closed, is filled with CO in entrance2Gas and 1% NO2Gas and carry out compression be entrance
Section and conversion zone reach certain atmospheric pressure, and (highest 50atm needs to keep gas using the gas in reacting pipe or container
State)；
(5) it is then shut off entrance on-off valve, starts to irradiate conversion zone；
(6) irradiation after a certain period of time, opens outlet section, gas is compressed into outlet section from conversion zone, when conversion zone reaches
When vacuum state, outlet section is closed；Since outlet section impregnates (liquid nitrogen temperature 77K, i.e., -195.8 DEG C) in liquid nitrogen, therefore
CO in outlet section2And NO2Gas can all become liquid, and irradiate the CO and O generated2Also keep gaseous state；
(7) it then opens entrance on-off valve and is filled with CO to entrance again2And NO2Mixed gas and compressed,
Reach certain atmospheric pressure (highest 50atm), turns off entrance on-off valve and conversion zone is irradiated；
(8) outlet section contains a separator 300, can will irradiate CO and O2It separates and draws respectively, CO can make
For fuel use, O2It can be for breathing.
(9) after outlet section reaches vacuum state again, by the liquid CO in outlet section2And NO2Again pass through liquid after gasifying
Body mixture conveying device 500, which is filled with entrance and is delivered to radiation appliance 100, repeats irradiation decomposition.
In addition, it should be noted that, the present invention and previous CO2The difference of decomposition technique at least that: the present invention
It is carried out using Ionizing Radiation, the main body radiation source 102 (including reactor, isotopic source and high-level waste etc.) of the technology,
It no matter is all that can discharge ionising radiation such as γ for a long time to penetrate in its working condition and off working state (or storing state)
Line, alpha ray, β ray etc..As previously mentioned, using radiation source 102 to CO2Ionising radiation decomposition is carried out, beneficial effect is significant.
With 1 × 106The industrial irradiation grade of Curie60For the source Co, exposure rate constant 1.32R.m2/ h/Ci, if
CO is full of in the ball that radius comprising the source is 0.1 meter2Gas, then the average shot dose rate within the scope of this is 3.96 × 108R/h,
Being converted into dosage rate is 3.441 × 106(1R is equal to 8.69 × 10 to Gy/h-3Gy), it is equal to 2.148 × 1025EV/kg/h, due to every
34eV energy can produce an ion pair, and each ion pair can decompose 3 to 3.5 CO2Molecule (G value is 9 to 9.5), then
CO can be decomposed2Number be 1.90 × 1024/ kg/h is converted into decomposable CO nominally2Gaseous mass ratio is then
0.1389/h, i.e. CO2Decomposition ratio be 13.89%/h, if CO2Gas pressure intensity becomes 50atm, then CO2Decomposition ratio is not
Become, but the CO in unit volume2Can be increased by decomposing absolute magnitude by 50 times.Or it is passive anti-with AP1000 million kilowatt
For answering heap, thermal power 3400MWt, reactor fuel total amount is 96t, if the γ of release is radiated 1/10th or so, then
Heap in-core be averaged gamma dose rate be 1.27 × 107Gy/h then can decompose CO2Gas ratio is 51.32%/h.
Further, based on utilization decomposition CO of the invention2Method and system can effectively decompose CO2, obtain CO and
O2, inventors have found that needing to carry out CO2Decompose (such as purification air, processing contain CO2Industrial gasses, in nuclear power product
Air updates and fuel generates), or need to obtain CO and O2(i.e. production oxygen and CO), or need to radiation energy into
When row recycles, decomposition CO of the invention can be used2Method and system realize.Namely the present invention is in addition to can be extensive
Applied to CO in air2Emission reduction, with reduce greenhouse effects and realize carbon capture utilize other than, nuclear power can also be applied to
Excessive CO in the equipment of the closed environments such as submarine, nuclear spacecraft2Removal and air update on, its nuclear power source week
Enclose the CO that deployment is realized using this technology2O may be implemented in reforming unit2The function of regeneration and generation CO as fuel, ensures
The normal work and life of internal staff.Further, since martian atmosphere 95% is by CO2Composition, therefore the present invention can also apply
CO sufficient on Mars is utilized when establishing base on Mars in the following mankind2O is provided for base2。
Thus, in the third aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes mentioned-above decomposition CO2Method or for decomposing
CO2System, air cleaning, contain CO2Industrial gasses processing, the air in nuclear power product update and fuel generate, oxygen
With the purposes in CO acquisition or radiation energy utilization.Each specific purposes can not only be realized as a result, additionally it is possible to make full use of spoke
Source 102 is penetrated, refuse reclamation is realized, is equivalent to zero energy consumption, so as to reduce processing cost, realizes environmentally friendly production,
It benefits the nation and the people.
The solution of the present invention is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Particular technique or item are not specified in embodiment
Part, described technology or conditions carry out according to the literature in the art.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer,
Being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
The following examples have used isotopic source as ionized radiation source 102, it is other using reactors, high-level waste and
The principle of accelerator is similar with the device, the embodiment only examples made by the present invention to clearly illustrate, and not to reality
Apply the restriction of mode.To those skilled in the art, radiation source 102, reacting pipe can also be done on the basis of above description
And the variation or variation of container, pose pattern, form of irradiation etc., the obvious changes or variations thus amplified out are still
In protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
- Fig. 3 referring to Fig.1 utilizes decomposition CO of the invention2System decomposition CO2, it is specific as follows:
(1) CO is arranged around radioactive device or material (i.e. radiation source 102)2By reacting pipe or container,
Silica refractory can be used to be made for reacting pipe and container；Directly radioactive material (such as isotopic source) can also be placed on
Reaction vessel interior, the container of the maskable ionising radiation such as lead can be used directly in reaction vessel at this time；
(2) reacting pipe or container are divided into three parts, comprising: entrance (including CO2Conveying device 400), conversion zone
(including radiation appliance 100), outlet section (including liquefying device 200 and separator 300), volume ratio 1:1:1),
On-off valve is respectively set in the entrance and outlet section of reacting pipe, is immersed in outlet section in liquid nitrogen；
(3) by entire reacting pipe or container vacuum-pumping；
(4) outlet section on-off valve is closed, is filled with CO in entrance2Gas and 1% NO2Gas and carry out compression be entrance
Section and conversion zone reach certain atmospheric pressure, and (highest 50atm needs to keep gas using the gas in reacting pipe or container
State)；
(5) it is then shut off entrance on-off valve, starts to irradiate conversion zone；
(6) irradiation after a certain period of time, opens outlet section, gas is compressed into outlet section from conversion zone, when conversion zone reaches
When vacuum state, outlet section is closed；Since outlet section impregnates (liquid nitrogen temperature 77K, i.e., 195.8 DEG C) in liquid nitrogen, therefore go out
CO in mouth section2And NO2Gas can all become liquid, and irradiate the CO and O generated2Also keep gaseous state；
(7) it then opens entrance on-off valve and is filled with CO to entrance again2And NO2Mixed gas and compressed,
Reach certain atmospheric pressure (highest 50atm), turns off entrance on-off valve and conversion zone is irradiated；
(8) outlet section contains a separator 300, can will irradiate CO and O2It separates and draws respectively, CO can make
For fuel use, O2It can be for breathing.
(9) after outlet section reaches vacuum state again, by the liquid CO in outlet section2And NO2Again pass through liquid after gasifying
Body mixture conveying device 500, which is filled with entrance and is delivered to radiation appliance 100, repeats irradiation decomposition.
With 1 × 106The industrial irradiation grade of Curie60For the source Co, exposure rate constant 1.32R.m2/ h/Ci, if
CO is full of in the ball that radius comprising the source is 0.1 meter2Gas, then the average shot dose rate within the scope of this is 3.96 × 108R/h,
Being converted into dosage rate is 3.441 × 106(1R is equal to 8.69 × 10 to Gy/h-3Gy), it is equal to 2.148 × 1025EV/kg/h, due to every
34eV energy can produce an ion pair, and each ion pair can decompose 3 to 3.5 CO2Molecule (G value is 9 to 9.5), then
CO can be decomposed2Number be 1.90 × 1024/ kg/h is converted into decomposable CO nominally2Gaseous mass ratio is then
0.1389/h, i.e. CO2Decomposition ratio be 13.89%/h, if CO2Gas pressure intensity becomes 50atm, then CO2Decomposition ratio is not
Become, but the CO in unit volume2Can be increased by decomposing absolute magnitude by 50 times.Or it is passive anti-with AP1000 million kilowatt
For answering heap, thermal power 3400MWt, reactor fuel total amount is 96t, if the γ of release is radiated 1/10th or so, then
Heap in-core be averaged gamma dose rate be 1.27 × 107Gy/h then can decompose CO2Gas ratio is 51.32%/h.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiment or examples in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: not
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case where being detached from the principle of the present invention and objective, this
The range of invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (13)
1. one kind is for decomposing CO2System characterized by comprising
Radiation appliance, the radiation appliance include: shell and the radiation source that is arranged in the shell, the radiation source for pair
CO in the radiation source radiation scope2Ionising radiation is carried out, to obtain second gas mixture, wherein the CO2
It is by CO2It is provided with the form for the first gas mixture for inhibiting gas composition, the second gas mixture includes CO, O2、
Remaining CO2Inhibit gas with residue；
Liquefying device, the liquefying device are connected with the radiation appliance, and for from the radiation appliance
Second gas mixture carry out liquefaction processing, to obtain liquid mixture and third gas mixture, the liquid respectively
Mixture is by the residue CO2With the remaining inhibition gas composition, the third gas mixture is by CO and O2Composition；And
Separator, the separator are connected with the liquefying device, and for from the liquefying device
The third gas mixture separated, to obtain CO and O respectively2。
2. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the CO2With selected from solid-state, gaseous state or
At least one form of liquid provides.
3. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the inhibition gas be selected from NO2, it is empty
Gas, SO2And N2At least one of O.
4. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that contain in the first gas mixture
The inhibition gas of 0.5-1.5 volume %.
5. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that in the first gas mixture contain 1
The inhibition gas of volume %.
6. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the first gas mixture passes through in advance
It is overpressurized processing.
7. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that further include: CO2Conveying device and liquid
Mixture conveying device, the CO2Conveying device is connected with the import of the radiation appliance and for mentioning to the radiation appliance
For CO2, the liquid mixture conveying device is connected with the liquefying device and for conveying the liquid mixture
To the CO2Conveying device.
8. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the liquefying device be suitable for use
Liquid nitrogen carries out liquefaction processing to the second gas mixture.
9. according to claim 7 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the radiation source is located at the center of shell
Position, and the CO2The outlet of conveying device and the radiation source face.
10. according to claim 7 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the CO2Conveying device and the spoke
Between injection device and between the radiation appliance and the liquefying device, it is provided with on-off valve.
11. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the radiation source be radioactive device
Or radioactive material.
12. according to claim 1 for decomposing CO2System, which is characterized in that the radiation source be selected from reactor,
At least one of accelerator, isotopic source and high-level waste.
13. a kind of utilize claim 1-12 described in any item for decomposing CO2System decompose CO2Method, feature
It is, which comprises
By CO2It is placed in radiation source radiation scope, to utilize ionising radiation by the CO2It is decomposed into CO and O2, the CO2Be with
CO2It is provided with the form for the mixture for inhibiting gas；
It the described method comprises the following steps:
It will be by CO2It is placed in radiation source radiation scope with the first gas mixture of inhibition gas composition, to utilize ionising radiation
Decompose CO2, second gas mixture is obtained, the second gas mixture includes CO, O2, residue CO2Inhibit gas with residue；
The second gas mixture is subjected to liquefaction processing, to obtain liquid mixture and third gas mixture respectively,
The liquid mixture is by the residue CO2With the remaining inhibition gas composition, the third gas mixture is by CO and O2Group
At；
Third gas mixture is collected, CO and O therein are separated2, and collect respectively；And
Liquid mixture is collected, ionising radiation decomposition is come back for.
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide by Ionizing Radiation. Part I";P. Harteck et al.;《The Journal of Chemical Physics》;19950531;第23卷(第5期);第902-908页 |
| "Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide by Ionizing Radiation. Part II";P. Harteck et al.;《The Journal of Chemical Physics》;19570630;第26卷(第6期);第1727-1733页 |
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