CN105891254B - Dust layer under a kind of effect of electric spark catches fire sensitivity test device and method - Google Patents
Dust layer under a kind of effect of electric spark catches fire sensitivity test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105891254B CN105891254B CN201610504939.0A CN201610504939A CN105891254B CN 105891254 B CN105891254 B CN 105891254B CN 201610504939 A CN201610504939 A CN 201610504939A CN 105891254 B CN105891254 B CN 105891254B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/12—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of critical point; of other phase change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
- G01N25/54—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility by determining explosibility
Abstract
Dust layer under a kind of effect of electric spark catches fire sensitivity test device and method, device includes pedestal, column, carries powder platform, telescopic cantilever beam and sparker, telescopic cantilever beam one end is fixedly mounted with needlepoint electrode, other end suit is connected on column, load powder platform, which is equipped with, drags powder disk and dust layer to prepare cover, sparker anode is connected with needlepoint electrode, and cathode is with dragging powder disk to be conducted.Method is：Horizontal positioned test device simultaneously completes wiring, telescopic cantilever beam is controlled to retract, dust layer is prepared by setting thickness, control the stretching, extension of telescopic cantilever beam, needlepoint electrode tip is made to be located at right over dust layer and adjust between the two away from, start sparker and export highest energy, screen whether dust to be measured has sensibility of catching fire, as having sensibility of catching fire, again the susceptibility test for the sensibility that carries out after dust layer catching fire again is prepared, energy and dust layer thickness are exported by adjusting sparker, measures the dust layer minimum ignition energy under different-thickness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrial dust explosion protection technical field, the dust layer under being acted on more particularly to a kind of electric spark
It catches fire sensitivity test device and method.
Background technology
In combustible powder process industrial, the electric spark that electrostatic generates is relatively conventional dust explosion incendiary source, in order to
Risk of explosion of the combustible dust cloud under electric spark effect is evaluated, promulgate has set of Dust Cloud Minimal Ignition Energy to survey both at home and abroad
Test-object is accurate, such as CEI IEC 61241-2-3-1994, BS EN 13821-2002, ASTM E2019-03-2007 etc., is based on
Above-mentioned standard has also emerged in large numbers many Dust Cloud Minimal Ignition Energy test devices, such as MIKE 3 of Switzerland etc..
But in actual industrial production, not merely there is cloud, stratiform sedimentating dust is also that one kind of combustible dust is normal
See existence form, and show that stratiform sedimentating dust can in the presence of what is caught fire under electric spark effect according to existing result of study
Can, and then dust explosion can be caused.
However, at present for how to test and evaluate risk of explosion of the stratiform sedimentating dust under electric spark effect, existing rank
Section does not have relevant testing standard to promulgate yet, is more not based on the test device of standard, and catches fire for existing dust layer
Sensitivity tests standard is that the dust being directed under the effect of high warm surfaces catches fire sensitivity tests.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for designing a set of completely new dust layer to catch fire sensitivity test device and method, should meet in electrical fire
Stratiform sedimentating dust under flower effect catches fire sensitivity tests, catches fire sensitivity assessment index body to improve existing combustible dust
System makes up existing combustible dust and catches fire the blank of sensitivity tests standard.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of lower dust layer of electric spark effect sensibility of catching fire and surveys
Device and method is tried, the stratiform sedimentating dust effectively met under electric spark effect catches fire sensitivity tests, effectively perfect existing
There is combustible dust to catch fire sensitivity assessment index system, effectively compensate for existing combustible dust and catch fire the sky of sensitivity tests standard
In vain.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of dust layer under electric spark effect catches fire
Sensitivity test device including pedestal, column, carries powder platform, telescopic cantilever beam and sparker, and the column is solid vertically
On pedestal, the load powder platform level is packed on pedestal, and the telescopic cantilever beam, which is located at, to be carried above powder platform, telescopic
Cantilever beam one end is fixed with needlepoint electrode vertically, and the tip of needlepoint electrode is downward；The other end of the telescopic cantilever beam is
Tube-in-tube structure, telescopic cantilever beam are set in by tube-in-tube structure on column, and positioning is provided between tube-in-tube structure and column
Clamping screw；Offer circular groove in the load powder platform upper surface, be fixed in circular groove and drag powder disk, and drag powder disk and
The upper surface for carrying powder platform is in same level；Dust layer is provided with above the load powder platform and prepares cover, in dust layer system
Standby cover center offers dust layer and prepares hole, and conductive contact is equipped with carrying powder platform side；The anode of the sparker
It is connected by conducting wire with needlepoint electrode, the cathode of sparker is connected by conducting wire with conductive contact, conductive contact
It is connected by conducting wire with carrying powder platform；The pedestal, column carry powder platform and telescopic cantilever beam using insulating materials manufacture, institute
It states and powder disk is dragged to be manufactured using conductive material.
The quantity that the dust layer prepares cover is several, and the thickness that several dust layers prepare cover is different.
The column outer surface is provided with graduated scale.
Outside the conducting wire and needlepoint electrode upper end is coated with high-voltage isulation protective case.
Dust layer under the described electric spark effect sensitivity test device that catches fire is also configured with high-speed camera and infrared
Thermal imaging system.
Dust layer under the described electric spark effect sensitivity test device that catches fire is also configured with scraper plate, and scraper plate passes through conducting wire
It is grounded.
A kind of lower dust layer of electric spark effect catches fire sensitivity tests method, employs under the electric spark acts on
Dust layer catches fire sensitivity test device, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Prepare horizontal reference platform at one, test device is placed on horizontal reference platform, ensure to carry powder platform always
In horizontality；
Step 2：The anode of needlepoint electrode and sparker is linked together with a conducting wire, is led with another
Line links together the cathode of conductive contact and sparker, and then makes the cathode of sparker with dragging powder disk phase
Conducting；
Step 3：Telescopic cantilever beam is adjusted to retracted mode, needlepoint electrode is fallen back on and carries powder platform side, is dust layer
Preparation is prepared；
Step 4：It chooses the most thin dust layer preparation cover of a thickness to be placed on load powder platform, dust layer thickness passes through dust
Layer prepares cover and completes setting；
Step 5：Dust to be measured is poured slowly into the dust layer preparation hole that dust layer prepares cover, is then scraped using ground connection
Plate strikes off dust layer upper surface, then dust layer is prepared to the dust being scattered around hole and is cleaned out, and finally removes dust layer system
Standby cover is completed dust layer and is prepared；
Step 6：Telescopic cantilever beam is adjusted to extended configuration, ensures that needlepoint electrode tip is located at right over dust layer；
Step 7：Positioning and locking bolt, position of the adjustment telescopic cantilever beam on column are unclamped, and then adjusts needle point electricity
Spacing between pole tip and dust layer sets the initial value of a spacing further according to graduated scale, finally screws positioning and locking
Bolt；
Step 8：Start sparker, control sparker output highest energy, to screen dust to be measured
Whether there is sensibility of catching fire, concrete condition is as follows：
1. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer is constantly reduced, if generated always without electric spark, illustrates that dust to be measured is undeliverable
Fiery sensibility；
2. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer is constantly reduced, until generating electric spark, then observes dust layer surface
Case of fire if Ignition Phenomena does not occur for dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates dust to be measured without sensibility of catching fire；
3. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer is constantly reduced, until generating electric spark, then observes dust layer surface
Case of fire if the Ignition Phenomena of sprawling property has occurred in dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates that dust to be measured has
It catches fire sensibility；
Step 9：When dust to be measured screened for catch fire sensibility after, dust layer is prepared again, then to powder to be measured
The catch fire susceptibility of sensibility of dirt is tested；
Step 10：The output energy of sparker is turned down, observes dust layer surface case of fire, in case of
Fire then prepares dust layer again, and continues to turn down the output energy of sparker, until dust layer surface no longer occurs
Fire records the output energy of sparker when last time dust layer catches fire, and the output energy is as current
Dust layer minimum ignition energy under dust layer thickness；
Step 11：Again dust layer is prepared, dust layer thickness is gradually increased, until measuring under different dusts layer thickness
Dust layer minimum ignition energy.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Compared with prior art, the present invention the stratiform sedimentating dust effectively met under electric spark effect catches fire, sensibility is surveyed
Examination, effectively perfect existing combustible dust catch fire sensitivity assessment index system, effectively compensate for existing combustible dust catch fire it is quick
The blank of perceptual testing standard.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 catches fire for the dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect of the present invention, and (dust layer prepares shape to sensitivity test device
State) structure diagram；
Fig. 2 catches fire for the dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect of the present invention, and (dust layer catches fire quick sensitivity test device
Perceptual test mode) structure diagram；
In figure, 1-pedestal, 2-column, 3-load powder platform, 4-telescopic cantilever beam, 5-sparker, 6-needle
Sharp electrode, 7-positioning and locking bolt, 8-powder disk is dragged, 9-dust layer prepares cover, and 10-dust layer prepares hole, and 11-conduction connects
Head, 12-conducting wire, 13-graduated scale, 14-dust layer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the dust layer under a kind of effect of electric spark catches fire sensitivity test device, including pedestal 1, column
2nd, it carries powder platform 3, telescopic cantilever beam 4 and sparker 5, the column 2 to be packed in vertically on pedestal 1, the load powder platform 3
Level is packed on pedestal 1, and the telescopic cantilever beam 4, which is located at, carries 3 top of powder platform, solid vertically in 4 one end of telescopic cantilever beam
Equipped with needlepoint electrode 6, and the tip of needlepoint electrode 6 is downward；The other end of the telescopic cantilever beam 4 is tube-in-tube structure, is stretched
Formula cantilever beam 4 is set in by tube-in-tube structure on column 2, and positioning and locking bolt 7 is provided between tube-in-tube structure and column 2；
Circular groove is offered in 3 upper surface of load powder platform, is fixed in circular groove and drags powder disk 8, and dragged powder disk 8 and carry powder platform
3 upper surface is in same level；Dust layer is provided with above the load powder platform 3 and prepares cover 9, is prepared and is covered in dust layer
9 centers offer dust layer and prepare hole 10, and conductive contact 11 is equipped with carrying 3 side of powder platform；The sparker 5 is just
Pole is connected by conducting wire 12 with needlepoint electrode 6, and the cathode of sparker 5 is connected by conducting wire 12 with conductive contact 11
It connects, conductive contact 11 is connected by conducting wire with carrying powder platform 3；The pedestal 1, column 2, load powder platform 3 and telescopic cantilever beam 4 are adopted
It is manufactured with insulating materials, it is described that powder disk 8 is dragged to be manufactured using conductive material.
In order to meet the dust layer for preparing different-thickness, the quantity that the dust layer prepares cover 9 is several, several dust layer systems
The thickness of standby cover 9 is different.
In order to accurately adjust the spacing at the tip of needlepoint electrode 6 and dust layer upper surface, set in 2 outer surface of column
There is graduated scale 13.
High pressure occurs in order to prevent to get an electric shock, it is exhausted to be coated with high pressure in 12 outside of conducting wire and 6 upper end of needlepoint electrode
Edge protective case.
It is described in order to preferably record dust layer ignition process and the profiling temperatures during spark discharge
Electric spark effect under the dust layer sensitivity test device that catches fire be also configured with high-speed camera and infrared thermography.
In dust layer preparation process, for smooth dust layer, the dust layer under electric spark effect catches fire sensitivity
System safety testing device is also configured with scraper plate, and scraper plate is grounded by conducting wire, prevents what is generated in dust layer preparation process by friction
Electrostatic or the dust layer that ignites due to static electricity on human body.
In the present embodiment, in sparker 5 output voltage of high voltage power supply be 5kV~30kV, sparker 5
The optional capacitance of interior capacitance group be 20pF, 60pF, 200pF, 600pF, 2nF, 6nF, 20nF and 1 μ F, sparker 5 it is defeated
Go out energy (ignition energy) and be set as 1mJ, 3mJ, 10mJ, 30mJ, 100mJ, 300mJ, 1000mJ and 50J successively, wherein, output
Energy passes through formula E=CU2/ 2 are calculated, and in formula, E is output energy, and C is capacitance, and U is output voltage.
In the present embodiment, dust layer prepares hole 10 using round hole, and the diameter of round hole is set as 50mm, and dust layer prepares cover
9 prepare five altogether, and the thickness that five dust layers prepare cover 9 is respectively 0.5mm, 1mm, 3mm, 5mm and 6mm, graduated scale 13
Minimum scale unit is set as 0.5mm.
A kind of lower dust layer of electric spark effect catches fire sensitivity tests method, employs under the electric spark acts on
Dust layer catches fire sensitivity test device, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Prepare horizontal reference platform at one, test device is placed on horizontal reference platform, ensure that carrying powder platform 3 begins
It is in horizontality eventually；
Step 2：Needlepoint electrode 6 and the anode of sparker 5 are linked together with a conducting wire, with another
Conducting wire links together conductive contact 11 and the cathode of sparker 5, and then makes the cathode of sparker 5 with dragging
Powder disk 8 is conducted；
Step 3：Telescopic cantilever beam 4 is adjusted to retracted mode, needlepoint electrode 6 is fallen back on and carries 3 side of powder platform, be powder
Knoisphere preparation is prepared；
Step 4：It chooses the most thin dust layer preparation cover 9 of a thickness to be placed on load powder platform 3, dust layer thickness passes through powder
Knoisphere prepares cover 9 and completes setting；
Step 5：Dust to be measured is poured slowly into the dust layer preparation hole 10 that dust layer prepares cover 9, then utilizes ground connection
Scraper plate strikes off dust layer upper surface, then dust layer is prepared to the dust being scattered around hole 10 and is cleaned out, and finally removes dust
Layer prepares cover 9, completes dust layer and prepares；
Step 6：Telescopic cantilever beam 4 is adjusted to extended configuration, ensure 6 tip of needlepoint electrode be located at dust layer just on
Side；
Step 7：Positioning and locking bolt 7,4 position on column 2 of adjustment telescopic cantilever beam are unclamped, and then adjusts needle
Spacing between sharp 6 tip of electrode and dust layer sets the initial value of a spacing further according to graduated scale 13, and it is fixed finally to screw
Position locking bolt 7；
Step 8：Start sparker 5, control sparker 5 exports highest energy, to screen powder to be measured
Whether dirt has sensibility of catching fire, and concrete condition is as follows：
1. whether generating electric spark between observation 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer is constantly reduced, if generated always without electric spark, illustrates that dust to be measured is undeliverable
Fiery sensibility；
2. whether generating electric spark between observation 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer is constantly reduced, until generating electric spark, then observes dust layer surface
Case of fire if Ignition Phenomena does not occur for dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates dust to be measured without sensibility of catching fire；
3. whether generating electric spark between observation 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need
Spacing between 6 tip of needlepoint electrode and dust layer is constantly reduced, until generating electric spark, then observes dust layer surface
Case of fire if the Ignition Phenomena of sprawling property has occurred in dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates that dust to be measured has
It catches fire sensibility；
Step 9：When dust to be measured screened for catch fire sensibility after, dust layer is prepared again, then to powder to be measured
The catch fire susceptibility of sensibility of dirt is tested；
Step 10：The output energy of sparker 5 is turned down, observes dust layer surface case of fire, in case of
Fire then prepares dust layer again, and continues to turn down the output energy of sparker 5, until dust layer surface no longer occurs
It catches fire, records the output energy of the sparker 5 when last time dust layer catches fire, which is to work as
Dust layer minimum ignition energy under preceding dust layer thickness；
Step 11：Again dust layer is prepared, dust layer thickness is gradually increased, until measuring under different dusts layer thickness
Dust layer minimum ignition energy.
In the present embodiment, the susceptibility for sensibility of also catching fire to dust layer has carried out grade classification, and provides different quick
Safeguard procedures under intensity levels, specific grade classification situation are as shown in table 1.
1 dust layer of table catches fire the sensitivity grade table of sensibility
Claims (6)
- The sensitivity test device 1. dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect catches fire, it is characterised in that：Including pedestal, column, load Powder platform, telescopic cantilever beam and sparker, the column are packed on pedestal vertically, and the load powder platform level is packed in On pedestal, the telescopic cantilever beam, which is located at, to be carried above powder platform, and needlepoint electrode is fixed with vertically in telescopic cantilever beam one end, and The tip of needlepoint electrode is downward；The other end of the telescopic cantilever beam is tube-in-tube structure, and telescopic cantilever beam passes through sleeve knot Structure is set on column, and positioning and locking bolt is provided between tube-in-tube structure and column；It is opened up in the load powder platform upper surface There is circular groove, be fixed in circular groove and drag powder disk, and powder disk and the upper surface of load powder platform is dragged to be in same level； Dust layer is provided with above the load powder platform and prepares cover, and preparing cover center in dust layer offers dust layer preparation hole, is carrying Powder platform side is equipped with conductive contact；The anode of the sparker is connected by conducting wire with needlepoint electrode, electric spark The cathode of generator is connected by conducting wire with conductive contact, and conductive contact is by conducting wire with powder disk is dragged to be connected；The pedestal is stood Column carries powder platform and telescopic cantilever beam using insulating materials manufacture, described that powder disk is dragged to be manufactured using conductive material；The dust The quantity that layer prepares cover is several, and the thickness that several dust layers prepare cover is different.
- The sensitivity test device 2. dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect according to claim 1 catches fire, feature exist In：The column outer surface is provided with graduated scale.
- The sensitivity test device 3. dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect according to claim 1 catches fire, feature exist In：Outside the conducting wire and needlepoint electrode upper end is coated with high-voltage isulation protective case.
- The sensitivity test device 4. dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect according to claim 1 catches fire, feature exist In：Dust layer under the described electric spark effect sensitivity test device that catches fire is also configured with high-speed camera and infrared thermal imaging Instrument.
- The sensitivity test device 5. dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect according to claim 1 catches fire, feature exist In：Dust layer under the described electric spark effect sensitivity test device that catches fire is also configured with scraper plate, and scraper plate is carried out by conducting wire Ground connection.
- The sensitivity tests method 6. the dust layer under a kind of electric spark effect catches fire, employs electric spark described in claim 1 Dust layer under effect catches fire sensitivity test device, it is characterised in that includes the following steps：Step 1：Prepare horizontal reference platform at one, test device is placed on horizontal reference platform, ensure that carry powder platform is in always Horizontality；Step 2：The anode of needlepoint electrode and sparker is linked together with a conducting wire, it will with another conducting wire The cathode of conductive contact and sparker links together, and then makes the cathode of sparker with powder disk is dragged mutually to lead It is logical；Step 3：Telescopic cantilever beam is adjusted to retracted mode, needlepoint electrode is fallen back on and carries powder platform side, prepared for dust layer It prepares；Step 4：It chooses the most thin dust layer preparation cover of a thickness to be placed on load powder platform, dust layer thickness passes through dust layer system Standby cover completes setting；Step 5：By dust to be measured be poured slowly into dust layer prepare cover dust layer prepare hole in, then using be grounded scraper plate will Dust layer upper surface strikes off, then dust layer is prepared to the dust being scattered around hole and is cleaned out, and finally removes dust layer and prepares cover, Dust layer is completed to prepare；Step 6：Telescopic cantilever beam is adjusted to extended configuration, ensures that needlepoint electrode tip is located at right over dust layer；Step 7：Positioning and locking bolt, position of the adjustment telescopic cantilever beam on column are unclamped, and then adjusts needlepoint electrode point Spacing between end and dust layer sets the initial value of a spacing further according to graduated scale, finally screws positioning and locking bolt；Step 8：Start sparker, control sparker output highest energy, whether to screen dust to be measured With sensibility of catching fire, concrete condition is as follows：1. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need not It is disconnected to reduce spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated always without electric spark, illustrate that dust to be measured is quick without catching fire Perception；2. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need not It is disconnected to reduce spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, until generating electric spark, then observe dust layer surface and catch fire Situation if Ignition Phenomena does not occur for dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates dust to be measured without sensibility of catching fire；3. whether generating electric spark between observation needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, if generated without electric spark, need not It is disconnected to reduce spacing between needlepoint electrode tip and dust layer, until generating electric spark, then observe dust layer surface and catch fire Situation if the Ignition Phenomena of sprawling property has occurred in dust layer surface under electric spark effect, illustrates that dust to be measured has and catches fire Sensibility；Step 9：When dust to be measured screened for catch fire sensibility after, prepare dust layer again, then dust to be measured The susceptibility of fiery sensibility is tested；Step 10：The output energy of sparker is turned down, dust layer surface case of fire is observed, if it happens catches fire, then Again dust layer is prepared, and continues to turn down the output energy of sparker, until dust layer surface is no longer caught fire, note The output energy of sparker when the lower last time dust layer of record catches fire, which is current dust layer Dust layer minimum ignition energy under thickness；Step 11：Again dust layer is prepared, dust layer thickness is gradually increased, until measuring the dust under different dusts layer thickness Layer minimum ignition energy.
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| CN107576753A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-12 | 东北大学 | Surface angle the test device and method of Spread Characteristics affecting laws to dust layer |
| CN108627608A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-09 | 东北大学 | Ignition of flammable vapour sensibility tubular type test device and test method under flow regime |
| CN108918355B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-10-27 | 北京石油化工学院 | Method for evaluating explosion sensitivity parameters of low-density polyethylene powder |
| CN110068649B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-06-29 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Experimental device and method for evaluating dust ignition capability of friction spark |
| CN114414625B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-10-31 | 东北大学 | Testing device and method for evaluating influence of moisture content on dust layer fire disaster |
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