CN109342897B - Small mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device thereof - Google Patents
Small mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-sized mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and an early warning simulation device thereof, which comprises an AC power supply module, a fire source generation module, a fuel quality loss measurement module, a flashover discharge module, a temperature acquisition module, a heat flux density acquisition module, a composite fire detection alarm module, a CCD camera module, a high-speed camera module and a data acquisition processing device. The advantages are that: 1) The placement positions of the rod electrode and the plate electrode can be adjusted in two electrode modes, so that qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are conveniently carried out on flashover experiments of the power transmission line. 2) The method comprises the steps of measuring, recording and analyzing a plurality of performance indexes when the power transmission line is subjected to fire flashover, and can complete data recording of the breakdown process of the power transmission line. 3) The method is favorable for grasping the flashover rule of the power transmission line and the early warning characteristic thereof, and has important engineering practice significance for grasping the flashover rule of the power transmission line and the safe operation and maintenance of a power grid system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a small-sized mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device, and belongs to the technical field of power grid mountain fire disaster prevention and control.
Background
Due to the abnormal weather effects such as global warming and the like, and the popular activities such as burnout, sacrifice and the like after autumn, the line fault rate caused by mountain fires in a power transmission line corridor is high and is not low, when the mountain fires and a power grid are in the same space-time interaction, the flashover discharge of the high-voltage power transmission line is easy to be induced, even the power grid is broken down, and the safety and the reliability of a power system are seriously threatened.
The existing power transmission line fire experiment device cannot achieve good simulation effect on different discharge modes, is not true and diverse in selection of fire sources, cannot truly simulate the flashover characteristics of the power transmission line under different fire conditions, does not refine and calibrate the fire sources and power frequency power supply early warning parameters (fire source power, fire field temperature distribution, fire field heat flow density distribution, flame dynamic characteristic parameters, leakage current, breakdown voltage and fault recording waveform characteristic parameters) in the period before and after the flashover discharge time, and does not develop the parameter composite early warning index. The fire source characteristics are not fully and accurately measured and described, and the measurement of the aspects such as temperature field distribution, heat flow density field distribution, flame structure and contour evolution, fire source intensity and the like is not performed. The flashover discharge characteristic characterization is not performed by adopting a boosting method and a voltage stabilizing method simultaneously. In addition, the existing power transmission line fire experiment device can not combine the power transmission line flashover characteristics with parameter calibration and simulation tests of a forest fire early warning system while observing the power transmission line flashover characteristics, and the experiment operation is also complicated, so that the large-scale repeated experiments are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a small-sized mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device, which aims to overcome the defects of poor simulation effect, complex operation and the like of the traditional transmission line fire experiment device, and provides the small-sized mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device which can systematically simulate and test the flashover discharge characteristic of a high-voltage transmission line when mountain fire occurs, simulate and early warn the mountain fire disaster, is favorable for grasping the multi-form nonlinear coupling tripping characteristic and mechanism of flames and transmission wires, and accordingly provides corresponding prevention and treatment measures.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the data acquisition and processing device comprises an AC power supply module, a fire source generation module 16, a fuel quality loss measurement module, a flashover discharge module, a temperature acquisition module, a heat flux density acquisition module, a composite fire detection alarm module, a CCD camera module, a high-speed camera module and a data acquisition and processing device; the AC power supply module is connected with the flashover discharge module through a wire, and the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module, the composite fire detection alarm module and the high-speed camera shooting module are connected with the data acquisition and processing device through a conversion interface.
The method for testing the characteristic of the typical process of the forest fire induced flashover of the power transmission line comprises the following operation steps: 1) Burning; 2) Electrifying; 3) Adjusting the position of the electrode; 4) Collecting temperature and heat flux density; 5) Collecting and analyzing electrical properties; 6) Collecting fuel quality change; 7) Collecting and analyzing images; 8) Simulation early warning; 9) The test was repeated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Two electrode modes of a rod electrode and a plate electrode are designed, the discharge between wires and the discharge to the ground of the wires are respectively simulated, flashover experiments of the power transmission line in the forms of interphase, phase-to-ground and the like are carried out, and the placement positions of the two electrodes can be adjusted, so that qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the flashover experiments of the power transmission line are facilitated.
2) The flame intensity and the characteristics can be adjusted by changing the type of the fire source generator, so that the flashover experiment of the power transmission line under different fire conditions can be conveniently carried out.
3) The method comprises the steps of measuring and recording and analyzing various performance indexes such as leakage current, breakdown voltage, arc formation track, flame thermal field, flashover discharge characteristic parameters (including breakdown voltage, steady-state leakage current, pulse period, pulse frequency and arc pulse) and the like when the power transmission line is subjected to flashover, and can complete data record of the power transmission line breakdown process.
4) The power frequency discharge is realized by using a small voltage divider and a transformer, so that the experiment can adopt a boosting method or a voltage stabilizing method.
5) The simulation early warning device for the fire flashover of the power transmission line is innovatively added, the composite fire warning function is connected and coupled with flashover discharge, and the data base is provided for actual mountain fire early warning through calibration of early warning parameters and simulation early warning experiments on mountain fire disasters.
6) The available fire source is widely and flexibly selected, and solid, liquid and gas fire sources can be selected. The adoption of the small forest vegetation flame can reflect the real fuel and the overfire scene of the original forest land and the fire trace land.
7) The method is beneficial to exploring the tripping mechanism of the mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line, is beneficial to grasping the flashover rule of the transmission line and the early warning characteristic thereof, and has important engineering practical significance for safe operation of a power grid, grasping the flashover rule of the mountain fire of the transmission line and safe operation and maintenance of a power grid system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small-sized mountain fire-induced flashover discharge and early warning simulation device for a high-voltage transmission line.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flashover discharge module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an electrode assembly.
In the figure, a box body 1, a composite fire detector 2, a transformer 3, a voltage divider 4, an alternating current power supply 5, a physical oscilloscope 6, a temperature collector 7, an alarm unit 8, a heat flow meter 9, a data acquisition processing device 10, a high-speed camera 11, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera 12, an electrode 13, a clamping groove 14, a box thermocouple 15, a fire source generating module 16 and an electronic balance 17 are shown.
Description of the embodiments
The data acquisition and processing device comprises an AC power supply module, a fire source generation module 16, a fuel quality loss measurement module, a flashover discharge module, a temperature acquisition module, a heat flux density acquisition module, a composite fire detection alarm module, a CCD camera module, a high-speed camera module and a data acquisition and processing device; the AC power supply module is connected with the flashover discharge module through a wire, and the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module, the composite fire detection alarm module and the high-speed camera shooting module are connected with the data acquisition and processing device through a conversion interface.
The AC power supply module comprises an alternating current power supply 5, a voltage divider 4 and a transformer 3; the AC power supply 5 is a three-phase four-wire 380V three-phase AC power supply (line voltage 380V, phase voltage 220V), the transformer 3 adopts JMB series control transformers, is applicable to 50/60HZ and 25-5000V circuits, is a small synchronous single-phase transformer, and the voltage divider 4 adopts an FRC-50 type voltage divider, and has the voltage class of AC/DC 50kV.
The fire source generation module 16 comprises a small sitting alcohol burner and a small forest vegetation flame; in actual operation, the small-sized sitting type alcohol burner and the small-sized forest vegetation flame are selected.
The fuel mass loss measurement module consists of an electronic balance 17; the electronic balance 17 is arranged under the fire source generation module, a giant WN-Q20S intelligent electronic balance is adopted, the table top size is 230 mm multiplied by 300mm, the precision is 0.1g, and the electronic balance is used for recording and storing the weight of the fire source generation module in real time, so that a fuel mass loss curve is deduced.
The flashover discharge module consists of a box body 1 and an electrode 13; the box body is of a semi-closed structure, the front and the back are in an open mode, two clamping grooves capable of moving up and down are formed in the side walls, the width of each clamping groove is 20-30mm, the length of each clamping groove is 400-500mm, and the clamping grooves are arranged on the central lines of the left side wall and the right side wall.
The temperature acquisition module consists of a box thermocouple 15, a temperature acquisition device 7 and a physical oscilloscope 6; the input end of the temperature collector 7 is connected with the box thermocouple 15, the output end is connected with the data acquisition and processing device 10, the physical oscilloscope 6 adopts a Take physical digital oscilloscope (MDO 3014) for testing the data such as leakage current, breakdown voltage, fault wave recording waveform and the like generated by an electrode when flashover discharge occurs, the input end is connected with the electrode 13, and the output end is connected with the data acquisition and processing device 10.
The heat flux density acquisition module is composed of a heat flux meter 9; the heat flow meter 9 adopts a JZRL-2 type heat flow meter, the input end of the heat flow meter is connected with the electrode, and the output end of the heat flow meter is connected with the data acquisition and processing device.
The composite fire detection alarm module consists of a composite fire detector 2 and an alarm unit 8; the temperature sensing and flame image composite fire detector 2 is arranged at the position 300-400mm in front of the alcohol burner outside the box body, can detect flame temperature and flame shape, outline, fine structure, track and brightness at the same time, and the input end and the output end of the alarm unit are respectively connected with the composite fire detector 2 and the data acquisition and processing device 10 through data wires.
The small sitting type alcohol burner has the height of 150mm, the maximum capacity of 300mL, the longest disposable burning time length of about 4h, the flame size can be adjusted through a side knob at the fire outlet, and the temperature is maintained between 600 ℃ and 850 ℃ after the flame is stabilized.
The small forest vegetation flame selection field is used for collecting the surface vegetation, loading the surface vegetation into a fuel disk for layering, compacting and classifying (stacking according to vegetation components), simulating the forest stand factors of the original forest land, adding a small amount of alcohol to ignite the forest stand factors to generate open flame, and the diameter of the fuel disk is 100mm. Forest vegetation originates from original woodland, and the samples can be underground combustible substances (humus, peat, tree roots and the like), surface combustible substances (dead broad leaves, needle leaves, fine branches, bark, cones, moss, low weeds), herbaceous combustible substances (grasses), intermediate combustible substances (or step combustible substances, including shrubs, higher shrubs, small arbors with leaves, leaf clusters and the like which are 1-2m away from the surface of the ground) and upper crown combustible substances (leaf clusters, fine branches, cummerbuns, moss and the like which are accompanied on the trunk) and other hierarchical vegetation.
The box body 1 is 600mm in height, the base specification is 400 multiplied by 400mm, and the box body is made of fireproof quartz plates with the thickness of 10-15 mm.
The electrode 13 consists of a rod electrode and a plate electrode; the electrode 13 is made of stainless steel, the shape of the rod electrode is a conical head cylinder with the length of 200mm and the diameter of 15mm, the conical angle is 60 degrees, the plate electrode is a square block connected with a short steel thorn, the specification is 350 multiplied by 8mm, the middle is hollowed out, and the hollowed-out part is a circular area with the diameter of 50mm, and flame can pass through the circular area.
The electrode 13 combinations are classified into three types: 1) Two rod electrodes are respectively fixed on clamping grooves on the left side wall and the right side wall of the box body, and can be used for adjusting the length up and down, so that horizontal and oblique discharge between the rod electrodes at different distances can be realized; 2) The two rod electrodes are arranged, one rod electrode is fixed on one clamping groove of the left side wall and the right side wall, the other rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through an adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, and can realize vertical discharge when the rod-rod electrodes are at different distances, 3) the rod electrode and the plate electrode are respectively arranged, the rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through the adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, and the plate electrode is fixed on the clamping grooves of the left side wall and the right side wall, so that vertical discharge when the rod-plate electrodes are at different distances can be realized.
The box body thermocouple 15 is a K-type M8 thermocouple, the length of a shielding wire is 1.5M, the length of a probe is 200mm, and the temperature measurement range is 0-1300 ℃; the arrangement of the case thermocouple 15 is as follows: the left side box body thermocouples and the right side box body thermocouples are all from 15cm away from the bottom of the box body, one box body thermocouple is arranged every 4cm, 10 box body thermocouples are arranged in total, the top of the left side box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the center of a fire source, and the top of the right side box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the edge of the fire source.
The data acquisition and processing device is a calculator.
The small-sized mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and the early warning simulation device thereof can pre-grind and simulate the phenomena that air under a high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage alternating-current transmission line such as 35kV-500kV (35 kV, 66kV, 110kV, 220kV, 330kV and 500 kV) is broken down and discharged under the long-time action of mountain fire plumes in corridor areas by utilizing the flashover behavior and characteristics of a 380V (0.4 kV voltage class) low-voltage distribution line under the action of a small-sized fire source, and can implement the flashover discharge early warning of the transmission line by monitoring, identifying and counting the power of the fire source, the temperature distribution of the fire at the fire scene, the heat flow density distribution of the fire scene, the dynamic characteristics of flame shape profile, the flashover discharge breakdown characteristic parameters and the like at the time before and after the flashover discharge, and deduce the flashover discharge development process, mode and characteristics.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings
As shown in figure 1, the miniature mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device comprises an AC power supply module, a fire source generation module 16, a fuel quality loss measurement module, a flashover discharge module, a temperature acquisition module, a heat flux density acquisition module, a composite fire detection alarm module, a CCD camera, a high-speed camera and a data acquisition processing device; the flashover discharging module comprises a box body 1 and an electrode 13, wherein the electrode is arranged in the box body; the AC power supply module is connected with the flashover discharging module through a wire, the fire source generation module 16 and the fuel quality loss measurement module are arranged in the flashover discharging module, the input ends of the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module and the composite fire detection alarm module are connected with the flashover discharging module, and the output ends of the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module, the composite fire detection alarm module, the CCD camera module and the high-speed camera module are connected with the data acquisition processing device.
The AC power supply module comprises an alternating current power supply 5, a voltage divider 4 and a transformer 3; the alternating current power supply 5, the voltage divider 4 and the transformer 3 are connected through wires and are connected with electrodes in the flashover discharging module; the alternating current power supply is of a three-phase four-wire system 380V three-phase alternating current power supply, the transformer is a JMB series control transformer, and the voltage divider is an FRC-50 voltage divider.
The fire source generation module is one of a small sitting type alcohol blast lamp or a small forest vegetation flame; the small forest vegetation flame is formed by loading surface vegetation into a fuel disk, layering and igniting the surface vegetation by adding a small amount of alcohol, wherein the surface vegetation comprises underground combustible materials, surface combustible materials, herbal combustible materials, stepped combustible materials and upper tree crown combustible materials.
The temperature acquisition module comprises a box thermocouple 15, a temperature acquisition device 7 and a physical oscilloscope 6; the box body thermocouple 15 is connected with the box body in the flashover discharging module, the input end of the temperature collector 7 is connected with the box body thermocouple 15, the output end of the temperature collector is connected with the data collecting and processing device, the input end of the temperature collector is connected with the electrode in the flashover discharging module, and the output end of the temperature collector is connected with the data collecting and processing device.
The box body thermocouple is a K-type M8 thermocouple, the length of a shielding wire is 1.5M, the length of a probe is 200mm, and the temperature measurement range is 0-1300 ℃; the arrangement mode of the box body thermocouples is that the box body thermocouples at the left side and the right side are all from 15cm away from the bottom of the box body, one box body thermocouple is arranged every 4cm, 10 hot box body thermocouples are arranged in total, the top of the left box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the center of a fire source, and the top of the right box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the edge of the fire source.
The composite fire detection alarm module comprises a composite fire detector 2 and an alarm unit 8; the composite fire detector is arranged at the position 300-400mm in front of the fire source outside the box body in the flashover discharge module, the output end of the composite fire detector is connected with the input end of the alarm unit, and the output end of the alarm unit is connected with the data acquisition and processing device through a data line.
As shown in figure 2, the box body is of a semi-closed structure, is in an open mode in front and back, has the height of 600mm, has the base specification of 400 multiplied by 400mm, is made of fireproof quartz plates with the thickness of 10-15mm, is provided with two clamping grooves 14 capable of moving up and down, has the width of 20-30mm and the length of 400-500mm, and is arranged on the central lines of the left and right side walls.
As shown in fig. 3, the electrodes include rod electrodes and plate electrodes; the electrodes are made of stainless steel, the rod electrodes are conical head cylinders with the length of 200mm and the diameter of 15mm, the conical angle is 60 degrees, the plate electrodes are square blocks connected with short steel thorns, the size is 350 multiplied by 8mm, the middle is hollowed out, the hollowed-out part is a circular area with the diameter of 50mm, and flame can pass through the circular area; the combination mode of the electrodes comprises the following steps:
1) Two rod electrodes are respectively fixed on the clamping grooves on the left side wall and the right side wall of the box body, and can be used for adjusting the length up and down, so that horizontal and oblique discharge between the rod electrodes at different distances can be realized;
2) Two rod electrodes, one of which is fixed on one clamping groove of the left and right side walls, and the other rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through an adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, so that vertical discharge between the rod electrodes at different distances is realized;
3) The rod electrode and the plate electrode are respectively provided with one, the rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through an adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, and the plate electrode is fixed on the clamping grooves on the left side wall and the right side wall, so that vertical discharge between the rod electrode and the plate electrode at different distances can be realized.
The method for testing typical process characteristics of the flashover of the mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line by using the mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device comprises the following operation steps of:
1) And (3) burning: the modules and the data acquisition and processing device are connected, an electrode combination mode is selected, the electrode position is adjusted, the whole process is kept motionless, the flow speed of the small-sized sitting alcohol burner or the flame intensity of the small-sized forest vegetation flame is controlled, and the temperature in the box body is ensured to basically maintain a fixed value.
2) And (3) electrifying: after the flame is stabilized and enveloped, starting to apply voltage and raising the voltage step by step, when obvious low-frequency corona discharge sound such as 'squeak' appears in the flame area, slowing down the voltage raising speed and adopting a withstand method, namely raising the voltage once each time, tolerating for 1min, and if no breakdown occurs, adding the voltage to the point, and repeating until the breakdown occurs. And (3) carrying out 3-5 times of breakdown tests under the same conditions, and selecting the lowest discharge voltage as the breakdown voltage.
3) And (3) temperature and heat flow density acquisition: the temperature data measured by the thermocouple of the box body is input into the data acquisition and processing device for storage after being acquired by the temperature acquisition device, and the temperature data measured by the thermocouple of the electrode is input into the data acquisition and processing device for storage after being acquired and processed by the heat flow meter.
4) And (3) electrical property collection and analysis: the physical oscilloscopes are utilized to record the air breakdown characteristics such as breakdown voltage, leakage current, fault wave recording (current) waveforms and the like, information such as pulse period, pulse frequency, arc pulse (mA), steady-state leakage current (mA) and the like is extracted from the A/B/C phase current of the receiving end and the A/B/C phase fault waveform of the sending end, the parameter relation among average breakdown field intensity, fault waveform parameters, electric plate gap, ambient temperature, fire field heat flow density and fire source intensity is analyzed, and the simulated high-temperature high-heat air breakdown and discharge characteristics are deduced.
5) And (3) fuel quality change collection: the weight of the fire source generating module is recorded and stored in real time by utilizing an electronic balance, so that a fuel mass loss curve is drawn, and the power (intensity) of the corresponding fire source is calculated.
6) Image collection and analysis: the high-speed camera is used for recording the flame shape/outline/basic structure/height/brightness, the arc forming process and track during discharge, and the image is used for analyzing the burning state of the fire source and assisting in researching the arc forming mechanism.
7) Simulation early warning: and performing deep learning on flame shape, outline, fine structure, track and brightness obtained by searching the flame (gas fire and vegetation fire) fine structure, track and brightness obtained by experiment and network and accident case by using a machine learning algorithm. Detecting the temperature and flame intensity at a certain distance from a fire source by adopting a temperature sensing and flame image composite fire detector, transmitting data into an alarm module, and alarming after the temperature and the fire source intensity reach a certain threshold value; extracting and calibrating early warning parameters (such as fire source power, fire scene temperature distribution, fire scene heat flow density distribution, flame dynamic characteristic parameters, leakage current and breakdown voltage) of a fire source and a power frequency power supply in a period before, during and after the flashover discharge moment, and developing the composite early warning index of the parameters;
8) Repeated test: after the test is finished, the type of the comprehensive fire source is changed, or the placement position of the electrode is adjusted, and the steps are repeated.
The method for testing typical process characteristics of the flashover of the mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line by using the mountain fire-induced high-voltage transmission line flashover discharge and early warning simulation device comprises the following operation steps of:
1) And (3) burning: all the modules and the data acquisition and processing device are connected, an electrode combination mode (taking a rod-plate electrode as an example) is selected, the electrode position is adjusted, the flow speed of the small-sized sitting alcohol burner or the flame intensity of the small-sized forest vegetation flame is controlled, and the temperature in the box body is ensured to basically maintain a fixed value.
2) And (3) electrifying: and selecting a proper voltage value, and after the flame is stabilized and enveloped, starting to apply voltage, wherein the voltage is kept unchanged in the whole experimental process.
3) Adjusting the electrode position: and (3) rising the plate electrode from the lowest position of the plate electrode, maintaining the position of the rod electrode unchanged in the process, slowing down the lifting speed of the plate electrode and adopting a tolerance method when obvious low-frequency corona discharge sound such as 'squeak' appears in a flame zone, namely lifting the plate electrode once for 1min each time, slightly lifting the plate electrode if no breakdown occurs, repeating the steps until the breakdown occurs, and carrying out 3-5 breakdown tests under the same conditions, wherein the minimum electrode distance is selected as the breakdown distance.
4) And (3) temperature and heat flow density acquisition: the temperature data measured by the box body thermocouple is input into the data acquisition and processing device and stored after being acquired by the temperature acquisition device, and the heat flow data measured by the heat flow sensor is input into the data acquisition and processing device and stored after being acquired and processed by the heat flow meter.
5) And (3) electrical property collection and analysis: the physical oscilloscopes are utilized to record the air breakdown characteristics such as breakdown voltage, leakage current, fault wave recording (current) waveforms and the like, information such as pulse period, pulse frequency, arc pulse (mA), steady-state leakage current (mA) and the like is extracted from the A/B/C phase current of the receiving end and the A/B/C phase fault waveform of the sending end, the parameter relation among average breakdown field intensity, fault waveform parameters, electric plate gap, ambient temperature, fire field heat flow density and fire source intensity is analyzed, and the simulated high-temperature high-heat air breakdown and discharge characteristics are deduced.
6) And (3) fuel quality change collection: the weight of the fire source generating module is recorded and stored in real time by utilizing an electronic balance, so that a fuel mass loss curve is drawn, and the power (intensity) of the corresponding fire source is calculated.
7) Image collection and analysis: the high-speed camera is used for recording the flame shape/outline/basic structure/height/brightness, the arc forming process and track during discharge, and the image is used for analyzing the burning state of the fire source and assisting in researching the arc forming mechanism.
8) Simulation early warning: and (3) performing deep learning on the flame fine structure, the shape, the outline, the track, the brightness and the network search obtained by experiments (gas fire and vegetation fire) and the flame fine structure, the track and the brightness obtained by accident cases by using a machine learning algorithm. Detecting the temperature and flame intensity at a certain distance from a fire source by adopting a temperature sensing and flame image composite fire detector, transmitting data into an alarm module, and alarming after the temperature and the fire source intensity reach a certain threshold value; and extracting and calibrating early warning parameters (such as fire source power, fire field temperature distribution, fire field heat flow density distribution, flame dynamic characteristic parameters, leakage current and breakdown voltage) of a fire source and a power frequency power supply in a period before, during and after the flashover discharge moment, and developing the parametric composite early warning index.
9) Repeated test: after the test is finished, the type of the comprehensive fire source is changed, or the placement position of the electrode is adjusted, and the steps are repeated.
Claims (1)
1. The device is characterized by comprising an AC power supply module, a fire source generation module (16), a fuel quality loss measurement module, a flashover discharge module, a temperature acquisition module, a heat flux density acquisition module, a composite fire detection alarm module, a CCD camera, a high-speed camera and a data acquisition processing device; the flashover discharging module comprises a box body (1) and an electrode (13), wherein the electrode is arranged in the box body; the AC power supply module is connected with the flashover discharging module through a wire, the fire source generation module (16) and the fuel quality loss measurement module are arranged in the flashover discharging module, the input ends of the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module and the composite fire detection alarm module are connected with the flashover discharging module, and the output ends of the temperature acquisition module, the heat flux density acquisition module, the composite fire detection alarm module, the CCD camera module and the high-speed camera module are connected with the data acquisition processing device;
the AC power supply module comprises an alternating current power supply (5), a voltage divider (4) and a transformer (3); the alternating current power supply (5), the voltage divider (4) and the transformer (3) are connected through wires and are connected with electrodes in the flashover discharging module; the specification of the alternating current power supply is a three-phase four-wire system 380V three-phase alternating current power supply, the transformer is a JMB series control transformer, and the voltage divider is an FRC-50 voltage divider;
the fire source generation module is one of a small sitting type alcohol blast lamp or a small forest vegetation flame; the small forest vegetation flame is formed by loading surface vegetation into a fuel disk, layering and igniting the surface vegetation by adding a small amount of alcohol, wherein the surface vegetation comprises underground combustible materials, surface combustible materials, herbal combustible materials, step combustible materials and upper tree crown combustible materials;
the box body is of a semi-closed structure, is in an open mode in the front and back, has the height of 600mm, has the base specification of 400 multiplied by 400mm, is made of fireproof quartz plates with the thickness of 10-15mm, is provided with two clamping grooves (14) capable of moving up and down, has the width of 20-30mm and the length of 400-500mm, and is arranged on the central lines of the left side wall and the right side wall;
the electrodes include rod electrodes and plate electrodes; the electrodes are made of stainless steel, the rod electrodes are conical head cylinders with the length of 200mm and the diameter of 15mm, the conical angle is 60 degrees, the plate electrodes are square blocks connected with short steel thorns, the size is 350 multiplied by 8mm, the middle is hollowed out, the hollowed-out part is a circular area with the diameter of 50mm, and flame can pass through the circular area; the combination mode of the electrodes comprises the following steps:
1) Two rod electrodes are respectively fixed on the clamping grooves on the left side wall and the right side wall of the box body, and can be used for adjusting the length up and down, so that horizontal and oblique discharge between the rod electrodes at different distances can be realized;
2) Two rod electrodes, one of which is fixed on one clamping groove of the left and right side walls, and the other rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through an adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, so that vertical discharge between the rod electrodes at different distances is realized;
3) The rod electrode and the plate electrode are respectively arranged, the rod electrode is connected with the top of the box body through an adjustable suspension cable fireproof insulating rope, and the plate electrode is fixed on the clamping grooves on the left side wall and the right side wall, so that vertical discharge between the rod electrode and the plate electrode at different distances can be realized;
the temperature acquisition module comprises a box body thermocouple (15), a temperature acquisition device (7) and a physical oscilloscope (6); the box body thermocouple (15) is connected with the box body in the flashover discharge module, the input end of the temperature collector (7) is connected with the box body thermocouple (15), the output end of the temperature collector is connected with the data collection and processing device, the input end of the temperature collector is connected with the electrode in the flashover discharge module, and the output end of the temperature collector is connected with the data collection and processing device;
the box body thermocouple is a K-type M8 thermocouple, the length of a shielding wire is 1.5M, the length of a probe is 200mm, and the temperature measurement range is 0-1300 ℃; the arrangement mode of the box body thermocouples is that the box body thermocouples at the left side and the right side are respectively arranged from 15cm away from the bottom of the box body, one box body thermocouple is arranged every 4cm, 10 hot box body thermocouples are arranged in total, the top of the left box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the center of a fire source, and the top of the right box body thermocouple probe is kept to be positioned right above the edge of the fire source;
the composite fire detection alarm module comprises a composite fire detector (2) and an alarm unit (8); the composite fire detector is arranged at a position 300-400mm in front of a fire source outside the box body in the flashover discharge module, the output end of the composite fire detector is connected with the input end of the alarm unit, and the output end of the alarm unit is connected with the data acquisition and processing device through a data line;
the method for testing the characteristic of the typical process of the forest fire induced flashover of the power transmission line is a boosting method, and comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) burning: connecting the modules and the data acquisition and processing device, selecting an electrode combination mode, adjusting the electrode position, keeping the electrode position in the whole process, controlling the flame intensity of the fire source generation module, and ensuring the temperature stability in the box body;
2) And (3) electrifying: after flame is stabilized and enveloped, starting to apply voltage and raising the voltage step by step, when low-frequency corona discharge sound appears in a flame area, slowing down the voltage raising speed and adopting a withstand method, namely raising the voltage once each time, tolerating for 1min, and if breakdown does not occur, adding the voltage to the point, and repeating until breakdown; performing a breakdown test for 3-5 times under the same conditions, and selecting the lowest discharge voltage as the breakdown voltage;
3) And (3) temperature and heat flow density acquisition: inputting the temperature data measured by the temperature acquisition module into a data acquisition and processing device for storage, and inputting the heat flux density acquisition module into the data acquisition and processing device for storage;
4) And (3) electrical property collection and analysis: recording air breakdown characteristics by using a physical oscilloscope in a temperature acquisition module, extracting pulse period, pulse frequency, arc pulse and steady-state leakage current information from receiving end A/B/C phase current and sending end A/B/C phase fault waveforms, calculating parameter relations among average breakdown field intensity, fault waveform parameters, electric plate gap, ambient temperature, fire field heat flow density and fire source intensity, and deducing and simulating high-temperature high-heat air breakdown and discharge characteristics;
5) And (3) fuel quality change collection: recording and storing the weight of the fire source generating module in real time by utilizing the fuel quality loss measuring module, drawing a fuel quality loss curve, and calculating the power of the corresponding fire source;
6) Image collection and analysis: recording flame shape, outline, basic structure, height, brightness, arc forming process and track during discharge by using a high-speed camera, analyzing the burning state of a fire source by using an image, and assisting in researching an arc forming mechanism;
7) Simulation early warning: detecting the temperature and flame intensity at a certain distance from a fire source by adopting a temperature sensing and flame image composite fire detector, transmitting data into a composite fire detection alarm module, and alarming after the temperature and the fire source intensity reach a certain threshold value by the composite fire detection alarm module; refining and calibrating early warning parameters of a fire source and a power frequency power supply in a period before, during and after the flashover discharge moment, and developing the composite early warning index of the parameters;
8) Repeated test: after the test is finished, changing the type of the comprehensive fire source or adjusting the placement position of the electrode, and repeating the steps;
the method for testing the characteristic of the typical process of the forest fire induced flashover of the power transmission line is a voltage stabilizing method, and comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) burning: connecting the modules and the data acquisition and processing device, selecting a rod-plate electrode combination in an electrode combination mode, adjusting the position of the electrode, controlling the flame intensity of the fire source generation module, and ensuring the temperature stability in the box body;
2) And (3) electrifying: selecting a proper voltage value, and starting to apply voltage after flame stabilization and envelope, wherein the voltage is kept unchanged in the whole experimental process;
3) Adjusting the electrode position: raising the plate electrode from the lowest position of the plate electrode, maintaining the position of the rod electrode unchanged in the process, slowing down the raising speed of the plate electrode and adopting a tolerance method when low-frequency corona discharge sound appears in a flame zone, namely raising the plate electrode once each time for 1min, slightly raising the plate electrode if no breakdown occurs, repeating the steps until the breakdown occurs, and carrying out 3-5 times of breakdown tests under the same conditions, wherein the minimum electrode distance is selected as the breakdown distance;
4) And (3) temperature and heat flow density acquisition: inputting the temperature data measured by the temperature acquisition module into a data acquisition and processing device for storage, and inputting the heat flux density acquisition module into the data acquisition and processing device for storage;
5) And (3) electrical property collection and analysis: recording air breakdown characteristics by using a physical oscilloscope in a temperature acquisition module, extracting pulse period, pulse frequency, arc pulse and steady-state leakage current information from receiving end A/B/C phase current and sending end A/B/C phase fault waveforms, calculating parameter relations among average breakdown field intensity, fault waveform parameters, electric plate gap, ambient temperature, fire field heat flow density and fire source intensity, and deducing and simulating high-temperature high-heat air breakdown and discharge characteristics;
6) And (3) fuel quality change collection: recording and storing the weight of the fire source generating module in real time by utilizing the fuel quality loss measuring module, drawing a fuel quality loss curve, and calculating the power of the corresponding fire source;
7) Image collection and analysis: recording flame shape, outline, basic structure, height, brightness, arc forming process and track during discharge by using a high-speed camera, analyzing the burning state of a fire source by using an image, and assisting in researching an arc forming mechanism;
8) Simulation early warning: detecting the temperature and flame intensity at a certain distance from a fire source by adopting a temperature sensing and flame image composite fire detector, transmitting data into a composite fire detection alarm module, and alarming after the temperature and the fire source intensity reach a certain threshold value by the composite fire detection alarm module; refining and calibrating early warning parameters of a fire source and a power frequency power supply in a period before, during and after the flashover discharge moment, and developing the composite early warning index of the parameters;
9) Repeated test: after the test is finished, the type of the comprehensive fire source is changed, or the placement position of the electrode is adjusted, and the steps are repeated.
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| CN110501571A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-26 | 武汉大学 | Passage of flame local conductivity real-time monitoring device |
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| CN112946401B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-16 | 南京工业大学 | High-voltage transmission line tripping characteristic experiment device and method under smoldering atmosphere |
| CN114870996B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2024-03-08 | 国电长源汉川第一发电有限公司 | Flashover frequency control method, device, equipment and medium for electric precipitation high-voltage power supply |
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