CN105885981A - 一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN105885981A
CN105885981A CN201610384526.3A CN201610384526A CN105885981A CN 105885981 A CN105885981 A CN 105885981A CN 201610384526 A CN201610384526 A CN 201610384526A CN 105885981 A CN105885981 A CN 105885981A
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胡祖兴
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Tongling Xingmao Agricultural Professional Cooperatives
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒，一方面将锯末炭化处理再加以改性，改善了无机碳颗粒的韧性和密度，提高了锯末残炭的燃烧热值并降低了燃烧过程中的挥发分，排放的废气硫含量低，另一方面，将稻壳、大豆壳、苜蓿草进行发酵处理后，改变了原料的结构层形成致密的组织结构，并且形成高含量的有机质物质，提高有机质组成成分，再将改性硅藻泥、刨花、虾壳加入继续发酵处理，进而提高有机质原料中的可燃物，最后再配伍其他有效助剂挤压成型，制得的锯末基生物质颗粒燃料含水率低，含氯值低，木质素含量高，燃烧值高，燃烧时间长，燃烧后无有害气体的排放，也不容易腐蚀锅炉。

Description

一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃料技术领域，尤其涉及一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着人类对能源需求的日益增加，目前广泛使用的石油、煤炭、天然气等不可再生的能源正面临日益枯竭的问题。为了解决人类即将面临的能源危机有必要开发可再生的新能源来代替不可再生的化石燃料。生物质能源作为一种廉价、 清洁的可再生能源，正越来越广泛的被人们所关注，我国作为农业大国，在生物质能源的原料供应、能源需求、政府政策的支持等方面均有较大优势。锯末、秸秆来源充沛，成本低廉，同时锯末含硫量很低，以其为原料制备的生物质颗粒燃料替代化石燃料，对保护生态环境，发展社会经济，实施能源可持续发展战略有着重大的现实意义。然而传统的利用锯末秸秆制备的生物质颗粒燃料存在热值低、易结渣锅炉使用不安全、含硫量超标污染环境、灰分大等诸多缺陷。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒及其制作方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒，由下列重量份的原料制成：锯末115-120、刨花50-52、稻壳20-25、大豆壳30-32、苜蓿草22-24、虾壳14-16、葡萄渣18-20、硅藻泥15-17、金属镁粉1-2、钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-2012.3-3.2、重铬酸钾2-3、适量水。
所述的一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将锯末放入炭化炉中于450-500℃的温度下，隔绝空气炭化20-30分钟，冷却至室温加入金属镁粉研磨40-50分钟；
（2）将硅藻泥用5-10wt%盐酸溶液浸泡1-2小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80-100℃下超声波处理8-10分钟，再用8-12wt%氢氧化钠溶液浸泡1-2小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80-100℃下超声波处理8-10分钟，然后加入钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201、重铬酸钾研磨20-30分钟，烘干制得改性硅藻泥；
（3）将稻壳、大豆壳、苜蓿草用60-70℃的热水浸泡10-12小时，过滤投入发酵池内，控制发酵池温度在30-50℃，湿度为50-60%，发酵处理20-30小时后，加入改性硅藻泥、刨花、虾壳搅拌均匀继续发酵10-20天，冷却至室温放入粉碎机中粉碎至60-80目；
（4）将步骤（1）、（3）物料搅拌混匀，加入适量水及其它剩余成分搅拌混匀，送入挤压成型机，以45MPa的成型压力挤压成直径为5-8mm，长度为3-8cm的圆柱形颗粒，干燥，出料。
本发明的优点是：本发明工艺简单操作简便，一方面将锯末炭化处理再加以改性，改善了无机碳颗粒的韧性和密度，提高了锯末残炭的燃烧热值并降低了燃烧过程中的挥发分，排放的废气硫含量低，另一方面，将稻壳、大豆壳、苜蓿草进行发酵处理后，改变了原料的结构层形成致密的组织结构，并且形成高含量的有机质物质，提高有机质组成成分，再将改性硅藻泥、刨花、虾壳加入继续发酵处理，进而提高有机质原料中的可燃物，最后再配伍其他有效助剂挤压成型，制得的锯末基生物质颗粒燃料含水率低，含氯值低，木质素含量高，燃烧值高，燃烧时间长，燃烧后无有害气体的排放，也不容易腐蚀锅炉。
具体实施方式
一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒，由下列重量份的原料制成：锯末115、刨花50、稻壳20、大豆壳30、苜蓿草22、虾壳14、葡萄渣18、硅藻泥15、金属镁粉1、钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ、重铬酸钾2、适量水。
所述的一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将锯末放入炭化炉中于450℃的温度下，隔绝空气炭化20分钟，冷却至室温加入金属镁粉研磨40分钟；
（2）将硅藻泥用5-10wt%盐酸溶液浸泡1小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80℃下超声波处理8分钟，再用8-12wt%氢氧化钠溶液浸泡1小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80℃下超声波处理8分钟，然后加入钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ、重铬酸钾研磨20-30分钟，烘干制得改性硅藻泥；
（3）将稻壳、大豆壳、苜蓿草用60℃的热水浸泡10小时，过滤投入发酵池内，控制发酵池温度在30℃，湿度为50%，发酵处理20小时后，加入改性硅藻泥、刨花、虾壳搅拌均匀继续发酵10天，冷却至室温放入粉碎机中粉碎至60目；
（4）将步骤（1）、（3）物料搅拌混匀，加入适量水及其它剩余成分搅拌混匀，送入挤压成型机，以45MPa的成型压力挤压成直径为5mm，长度为3cm的圆柱形颗粒，干燥，出料。
使用本发明生产的锯末基生物质颗粒的技术参数指标如下：
（1）密度：0.915g/cm3；
（2）硫含量：0.326%，小于特低硫煤0.50%的标准；
（3）灰分：7.52%，在低灰分煤的范围内（灰分为5.01%-10.00%）；
（4）热值：25.28MJ/kg，在高热值煤的范围内（ 热值为24.01-27.00MJ/kg ）。

Claims (2)

1.一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：锯末115-120、刨花50-52、稻壳20-25、大豆壳30-32、苜蓿草22-24、虾壳14-16、葡萄渣18-20、硅藻泥15-17、金属镁粉1-2、钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-2012.3-3.2、重铬酸钾2-3、适量水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低氯值高燃烧率的锯末基生物质颗粒的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将锯末放入炭化炉中于450-500℃的温度下，隔绝空气炭化20-30分钟，冷却至室温加入金属镁粉研磨40-50分钟；
（2）将硅藻泥用5-10wt%盐酸溶液浸泡1-2小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80-100℃下超声波处理8-10分钟，再用8-12wt%氢氧化钠溶液浸泡1-2小时，洗涤至中性，加水于80-100℃下超声波处理8-10分钟，然后加入钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201、重铬酸钾研磨20-30分钟，烘干制得改性硅藻泥；
（3）将稻壳、大豆壳、苜蓿草用60-70℃的热水浸泡10-12小时，过滤投入发酵池内，控制发酵池温度在30-50℃，湿度为50-60%，发酵处理20-30小时后，加入改性硅藻泥、刨花、虾壳搅拌均匀继续发酵10-20天，冷却至室温放入粉碎机中粉碎至60-80目；
（4）将步骤（1）、（3）物料搅拌混匀，加入适量水及其它剩余成分搅拌混匀，送入挤压成型机，以45MPa的成型压力挤压成直径为5-8mm，长度为3-8cm的圆柱形颗粒，干燥，出料。
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CN103666629A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-26 叶杰珍 一种低氯值生物质燃料颗粒及其制备方法
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