CN105882105B - 可剥离楔块的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一组可剥离楔块的制造方法,包含钻孔步骤(E14),对该组的每一个楔块,钻挖至少一个贯穿片层的孔洞,而首次加压(C1)横向于片层施加以便有利于钻孔期间空洞边界结构的保持,其特征在于钻孔步骤(E14)借助于钻孔和压缩工具(2000)在未加工的可剥离堆叠(300)上执行并且首次加压(C1)借助所述工具(2000)实施。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可剥离楔块的制造方法,以及借助该方法得到的可剥离楔块。
背景技术
人们熟知了由各材料片层通过之间的粘合剂表面粘接叠加构成的可剥离楔块,片层和粘合剂表面的相对强度应该是各片层能够轻易地一片片或几个一组地被剥离以便在与片层垂直的方向,这通常是该楔块的厚度,调节楔块的体积。
这些楔块至此是由以下步骤依次制造出来的:大量材料层的堆叠,粘合剂的预先涂抹,通过烘箱和/或压力设备来固化粘合剂以便获得可剥离的特性并且保持堆叠的几何形状特征,尤其是片层的平行特征,带锯开坯以便从获得的粗坯中分离出不同独立的楔块材料,随后,在粗坯中切削加工楔块的轮廓以便得到它的外侧面精确几何形状。
切削加工进行时借助插入楔块表面中钻好的贯穿镗孔的螺钉保持楔快被压缩,临近待切削加工的边缘。保持压缩能够不管切削加工工具做任何操作都保留楔块的结构。螺钉起到将楔块垂直压缩在片层平面上的轴的作用。
镗孔事先用钻孔钻,逐个粗坯或成组粗坯地打好,同时用卡爪、压板或夹钳将粗坯侧面周边分别保持夹紧,以便保持每个穿孔的边缘在其穿孔过程中被压缩。保持压缩能够不管钻头做任何操作都保留楔块的结构。
这种方法已被证实,但它通常降低生产成本和提高生产线的生产率。
发明内容
为此,提供了一种制造一组可剥离楔块的方法,其包含为该组的每一个楔块钻设至少一个穿透构成楔块原料的可剥离堆叠片层的穿孔的步骤,而首次压缩被横向施加在片层上以利于钻孔时在结构上维持空洞的边缘,其特征在于钻孔步骤借助一个钻孔工具实施而压缩实施于可剥离堆叠,它是一个包含一组可剥离楔块原料的未加工的可剥离堆叠,首次压缩借助所述工具实施。
通过该方法,压板或夹钳的铺设位置是有限的,由于钻孔是在未加工堆叠上实施,而压力的维持则单独通过使用压板或夹钳来实现。这样可以节省时间并提高生产车间的生产效率。
明确说明的是预涂粘合剂的片层堆叠的形成步骤,和固化步骤,以及轴的铺设步骤和切削加工步骤可以在与钻孔步骤实施的车间不同的车间里进行。
该方法可针对该组中的每一个楔块,包含几个在一个堆叠穿孔中放置至少一个轴的步骤,以及对所述可剥离楔块侧面轮廓的切削加工步骤,而楔块借助至少一个轴进行第二次压缩以便有利于在切削加工时对侧面轮廓的结构性保持,并且其中侧面轮廓的切削加工在未加工的可剥离堆叠上进行以便从未加工的可剥离堆叠中剥离出楔块组的楔块。
因此,有利的是,切削加工在未加工的可剥离堆叠上进行以便从未加工的可剥离堆叠中剥离出楔块组的楔块。这能够节省时间并提高车间的生产效率。
最好是,钻孔和压缩工具向其中一个表面靠近未加工的可剥离堆叠以实施压缩和钻孔,另一个表面由一个支架承托。
钻孔步骤能够在轴铺设和切削加工步骤之前对楔块组的所有楔块实施。
轴铺设和切削加工步骤可以由一个自动装置对楔块组实施。
为了借助轴将实施的压缩物分离开,轴被放置的情况可以是在堆叠被放置在两块缓冲板之间,这两块板与堆叠一起进行压缩。
该轴可以是螺钉的柄,并且压缩是通过将螺钉拧入带攻丝扣的板中实施,未加工堆叠被放置在攻丝扣板和螺钉头之间。
首次压缩可借助所述工具在所穿孔周围环形表面上实施。
穿孔和压缩工具可从其中一个表面靠近可剥离堆叠以实施压缩和钻孔,另一个表面由一个支架承托。
钻孔步骤可以由一个自动装置对楔块组实施。
压板或夹钳可在钻孔步骤期间对未加工的可剥离堆叠的侧边施加一个横向的压缩。
本方法此外可包含一个预涂粘合剂片层堆叠的成型步骤,而后一个所述预制件的固化步骤以便获得含有可剥离楔块组原料的未加工可剥离堆叠。
固化可以通过施加压力和加热来进行。
这些片层是金属的、聚合物的或纤维的。
片层之间由一种粘合剂维系,它可以是,例如,环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、乙烯酯或聚乙烯,或另一类型的粘合剂。
本发明也建议一种已打好一组横向穿透所用堆叠的孔洞的未加工可剥离堆叠以便能够对所述堆叠距离它待切削加工的侧面边缘一定距离的局部进行压缩,切削加工是在对所述未加工可剥离堆叠中待成型的独立可剥离楔块周边进行压缩时进行。
附图说明
本发明现在将结合附图来描述。
图1显示本发明所涉及的一个可剥离楔块。
图2和图3显示可剥离楔块的一种制造方法的各个步骤。
图4至8显示根据过往发明的可剥离楔块的一种制造方法的各步骤。
图9至14显示根据本发明的一组可剥离楔块的一种制造方法的各步骤。
图15显示图5所示步骤的另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图1中显示了一个平面的可剥离楔块100其作为介绍本发明的图示。楔块100是承接主平面P并由相互平行且平行于平面,并且相互之间由位于两片层相邻表面的微量粘合剂粘接的片层101堆叠构成的一个部件。
片层的材料可能是金属材料,如不锈钢、铝、黄铜或钛。在此情况下,片层是连续的且实心的。材料也可能是基于构成连续实心片层的一种聚合物。该材料还可能是由纤维层,例如玻璃纤维或碳纤维的机织纤维构成。在纤维层的情况下,粘合剂通常位于层的间隙,在将片层粘接到上片层的粘合剂表面与将片层粘接到下片层的粘合剂表面之间创建一种连续性。
粘合剂例如是一种环氧树脂,酚醛树脂,乙烯酯或聚乙烯,但其它材料也可以使用。
在图1所示的例子中,该楔块在其平面中具有四条直边以及一个矩形形状。在本发明范围内其它几何形状包括凹形或凸形的几何形状都是可以适用的。
该可剥离楔块100首先值得注意的是,在其设计温度范围内,它能抗压缩作用且因此可以用作机械装配中的一个楔,尤其是在垂直于楔块平面方向承受横向应力的两块零部件之间。
它同样值得注意的是,在它必须被处理的温度范围内,它易于剥离,或易剥除的,通过手的动作或小工具首先从边缘分离楔块剩余部分的一层或几层材料层,随后例如用手在楔块剩余部分的任何表面,在那个或那些分离出的片层上牵引剥离。
因此,合适厚度的楔块可以在处理的温度下,尤其是机械车间的常温下,基于最初的楔块100加以制备。
合适厚度的垫片随后可被用于楔块100预计承受的温度范围内温度变化下的安装使用,该温度范围根据所用材料也可或多或少放宽,并且通常包含,例如燃烧发动机附近或摩擦生热机构内部突然发生的高温。
值得注意,所示楔块100有时包含贯穿的镗孔或孔洞102,其几何形状是一个笔直的圆柱,并且它们垂直于平面P,并因此导致楔形的上表面和下表面连通。这些孔洞102主要与楔块的制造方式有关。
图2中,显示了平面层叠楔块的制造方法的预备步骤。这些步骤可以在本发明范围内实现,也同样可以用现有技术实现。
第一步E1在于楔块100所用的,通常是矩形的大片层材料201的叠加。片层被逐一叠放,例如用一种预涂粘合剂202在一个表面上胶合,它通常是通过加热,加压,或化学活化聚合的一种单体。它们构成了一个堆叠200。
图3中,片层201的堆叠200随后在两块板203之间被加压(压缩C0)。压板、卡抓或夹钳可被用在堆叠外侧边缘以保证压缩C0,同时将板203当作夹钳,这可以统一片层表面的压力。施加该压缩C0的其它应用方法也可以使用,例如在板203的主表面上施加一个压力。
聚合化在步骤E2过程中,或者通过延长等待时间,或者经过引起聚合的特定温度下的烘箱来完成。C0压缩是有利的,因为除了其激活的作用外,尽管通过烘箱时温度可能的影响以及化学反应,它能够保持堆叠平面。
粘合剂的特性和数量,以及粘合剂的固化条件,通过初步试验,适于所获得的堆叠既是可剥离的,以便调整其厚度,又是坚固的,以便保证其楔块的功能。
获得的可剥离堆叠,被称为未加工堆叠300,具有矩形形状,并体积巨大。它包含制作大量楔块的原料,例如80个楔块可放置成4行20列。
图4中,显示了基于本发明之前所述的未加工堆叠300的可剥离楔块的制作方法的一个步骤。
这一步骤包含借助一个带锯350,对未加工堆叠300,从片层平面横向切割,以形成可剥离堆叠的小矩形,例如,在所述例子中,数量是80。通常,这些矩形是彼此相同的。它们每个构成一个粗坯400,其边缘是至少3mm的最终楔块的精确尺寸。
图5中,显示了现有方法的后续步骤,其包含缓冲楔块402和粗坯400两部分,平行并沿着最外层的材料片层的定位,随后例如铝制支架440上所获堆叠的定位。
本方法随后在粗坯400的侧边(例如在两边,或在四边)放置压板或夹钳410,如图5所示,缓冲楔块402和支架440包含在夹钳钳口中。
另一种方案,如图15所示,具有攻丝扣镗孔的支架被使用,攻丝用于定位螺钉以便能够在堆叠边缘进行压缩。每个螺钉不穿过堆叠但位于堆叠的外部并借助附加的并与螺钉连带的一块板进行压缩,与支架40一起构成夹钳钳口410的第二个部分。
压板或夹钳410能够实施一个垂直于堆叠片层平面的压缩C1。缓冲楔块402将压力分散到可剥离堆叠400的表面。
现有技术随后则在片层平面横向进行钻孔(或镗孔)102,穿过堆叠及缓冲楔块402,借助通常唯一一个钻孔器,逐一贯穿镗孔。
考虑到粗坯400的小体积,适合于实现单个独立楔块,以及孔洞102在固定了压板的粗坯四周的定位,压缩C1能够在孔洞102穿透的堆叠区保持加压并避免在钻头操作时,孔洞四周堆叠的结构以及凝聚力的损失。
图6中,现有方法的后续步骤被表示出。它通过将就位的缓冲楔块402同样放入夹钳,实现螺钉430在孔洞102中的定位。螺钉可被螺入具有攻丝扣,最好是贯通的攻丝扣的支架440中。同样地,堆叠400和缓冲楔块402被放置在螺钉头和支架之间的夹钳中。螺钉430能够基于孔洞区在堆叠上实施压缩C2,这一压缩并且借助缓冲楔块402被分散到表面。
图7和8中,我们看到楔块500,基于粗坯400,的精确轮廓的铣削步骤,在此过程中楔块的多余物质借助一个装配了围绕着一个例如与堆叠平面垂直的轴心旋转的铣刀510的立式切削加工中心或其他机床除去。
由于由螺钉430施加在非常靠近由铣刀510逐渐确定的轮廓上的压缩C2,避免了成为切削加工对象的楔块500侧边上堆叠的结构以及凝聚力的损失。
切削加工用于,例如,定义四个直边和矩形总体形状,如图1相关所述,或根据楔块的最终用途定义另一个形状。
一旦切削加工完成,螺钉430被去除且缓冲楔块402被拆开,并且得到楔块500。它具有例如图1所示楔块100的结构。
这一现有方法现在将介绍其改进方法。
根据本发明的方法随后将根据下面的附图一起介绍。
图9中,显示了根据图3所述的粘合剂固化步骤结束时获得的,大尺寸的未加工堆叠300,其中,在设计体积与未加工堆叠300相似的缓冲板1002两边侧面边缘,垂直于堆叠平面方向用插入方式施加了压板或夹钳1410,并且在内表面,重新施加了设计体积与未加工堆叠300相似的支架1440。
图10中,显示本方法一种实现模式的后续步骤,其包含在一个切削加工中心,用由控制单元2100自动控制的一把压缩钻模导套2000,给未加工堆叠300钻孔。
该压缩钻模导套2000,为每一个待钻孔孔洞或镗孔1102,于其中一个垂直堆叠平面的缓冲板1002上加压C1,该板随后被称之为上板,这发生在例如环绕一个同时被切削加工中心钻头2010钻孔的区域的环状表面1110上。与压缩钻套相反的,支架1440支持着堆叠300,承托着面向钻套2000施加的压力的下缓冲板1002。
孔洞1102因此借助局部的压缩施加而被完成,该压缩可以,在钻头2010钻入时,避免孔洞1102周围的堆叠,靠近钻孔触及的物质,在钻孔2010施加的作用下不损失它的结构和凝聚性。钻头例如是一个单钻头,它逐一钻透镗孔,且在两个孔洞间移动。控制单元2100能够调节C1压力。事实上,为了在保护堆叠及其结构的同时确定每一个独立楔块的轮廓,而,根据用于可剥离堆叠片层所选的材料,调节C1压力是有用的。
图11中,显示了结果:例如,孔洞以规则方式钻得,或至少为了获得孔洞1102在楔块中的良好分布,该楔块预计在未加工堆叠300中被分割。
图12中,显示了该实现模式得后续步骤,在此期间螺钉1430就位,旋入带攻丝扣支架1440的攻丝中,这能够将未加工堆叠300的上下缓冲板1002放入夹钳中。
在具有优势且易于使用的支架1440的位置上,螺母可根据需要使用。
螺钉1430由一个自动装置放置并放入,例如,在上一步骤中钻出的所有孔1102中。这些螺钉使C2压缩在未加工堆叠300的任何表面上实施。在前一步骤中放置到位的压板1410可以被去除。板1002能够分散螺钉四周的压力。
图13和14中,显示了根据本发明的该方法实现模式的后续步骤,在此期间,切削加工中心的一把铣刀1510被使用以便,在匹配用于构成单独的可剥离楔块1500的材料的螺钉四周,对未加工堆叠300材料中的首批楔块的轮廓进行机加工。
因此,在图1已示的可剥离锲块的几何形状例子中,楔块被钻了两个孔,因为两个孔足够用于在充分的距离上对整个楔块轮廓实施加压以便在此整个轮廓上获得保护的效果,经由加压不使获得的结构和凝聚力损失。
但是根据待提取的楔块几何形状,孔洞的数量以及它们根据机加工边界确定的布局被调整。
铣刀的移动被控制,以便获得产品标准中规定的楔块轮廓。
本发明并不局限于所示的实施例,而是延伸至权利要求的范围之内的所有变化情况。
Claims (17)
1.一组可剥离楔块的制造方法,其包含钻孔步骤(E14),针对所述组中确定的每一个楔块,钻挖至少一个横向穿过一个可剥离堆叠(300)各片层(201)的贯穿孔洞(1102),该片层的可剥离堆叠构成所述确定楔块的原料,而首次压缩(C1)横向实施在片层(201)上从而有利于所述孔洞(1102)在钻孔期间边界上的结构维持,本方法还针对组中每一个楔块,包含在横向穿过堆叠(300)的至少一个所述孔洞(1102)中至少一个轴(1430)的放置步骤(E15),以及对所述楔块侧边轮廓的切削加工步骤(E16),楔块借助轴(1430)受到第二次压缩(C2)以利于切削加工期间对侧面轮廓的结构维持,其特征在于钻孔步骤(E14)借助一个钻孔压缩工具(2000)在可剥离堆叠(300)上施行,所述钻孔压缩工具(2000)是对于每个孔局部实施的压缩钻模导套,首次压缩(C1)垂直于在环绕一个同时被切削加工中心钻头钻孔的区域的表面上的堆叠平面,这一可剥离堆叠是构成所述组的可剥离楔块原料的一个未加工可剥离堆叠(300),侧边轮廓的切削加工(E16)在未加工的可剥离堆叠(300)上被执行以便从未加工可剥离堆叠中提取楔块组的楔块。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中穿孔步骤(E14)以单个钻头(2010)执行,其在两个钻孔(1102)之间移动。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制造方法,其中穿孔步骤(E14)在轴放置步骤(E15)和切削加工步骤(E16)之前对楔块组的所有楔块实施。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,首次压缩(C1)借助所述工具(2000)施加在被钻孔(1102)四周的环形平面上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中压缩钻孔工具(2000)靠近未加工可剥离堆叠其中一个表面以实施首次压缩(C1)和钻孔,另一表面由一个支架(1440)支撑。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,包括:在穿孔步骤(E14)之后,切割未加工可剥离堆叠(300)中的每个楔块。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中放置轴(E15)和切削加工(E16)步骤由一个自动装置对该组楔块执行。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中轴(1430)被放置而堆叠被放置在两块缓冲板(1002)之间,这两块板与堆叠一起被实施加压(C2),以便借助轴(1430)分散所实施的第二压力(C2)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中轴(1430)是一个螺钉(1430)的螺杆,并且压力(C2)在螺紧螺钉(1430)时施加到带攻丝扣板上(1440),未加工堆叠(300)被放置在攻丝扣板(1440)和螺钉(1430)头之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中钻孔步骤(E14)由一个自动装置(2100)对整组楔块执行。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中压板或夹钳(410)在钻孔步骤(E14)期间向未加工可剥离堆叠(300)的侧边缘实施一个压力。
12.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,此外还包含一个预涂粘合剂的片层堆叠(201)的成型步骤(E1),而后一个所述预涂层的固化步骤(E2)以便获得构成可剥离楔块组原料的未加工可剥离堆叠(300)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制造方法,其中固化(E2)是通过施加压力和热量进行的。
14.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中片层是金属、聚合物或纤维的。
15.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中片层之间由一种环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、乙烯酯或聚乙烯基粘合剂维系。
16.一种未加工可剥离堆叠(300),钻有一组与堆叠横向的孔洞(1102)并被放置以便能够对所述堆叠在其侧面边缘附近施加局部压力从而根据权利要求1至15中任意一项所述的制造方法对所述未加工可剥离堆叠(300)中待成型的独立可剥离楔块四周进行加压切削加工。
17.根据权利要求16所述的未加工可剥离堆叠(300),包括80个楔块可放置成4行20列。
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CN105882105A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
MA40352A (fr) | 2016-08-17 |
EP3056305B1 (fr) | 2023-10-04 |
FR3032639A1 (fr) | 2016-08-19 |
EP3056305A1 (fr) | 2016-08-17 |
EP3056305C0 (fr) | 2023-10-04 |
FR3032639B1 (fr) | 2017-03-24 |
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