CN105880808B - GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional types forming mode shapes morphological control method - Google Patents

GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional types forming mode shapes morphological control method Download PDF

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CN105880808B
CN105880808B CN201610399000.2A CN201610399000A CN105880808B CN 105880808 B CN105880808 B CN 105880808B CN 201610399000 A CN201610399000 A CN 201610399000A CN 105880808 B CN105880808 B CN 105880808B
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shaping
forming
blow
gmaw
starting
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CN105880808A (en
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熊俊
尹紫秋
雷洋洋
陈辉
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces

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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode shaping morphological control method, including step：Complete the GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and the electric signal D/A of blow-out action I/O controls, forming current and shaping voltage gives control, when forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, forming speed, shaping voltage are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end；GMAW welding guns are raised into a floor height, control welding gun is returned at shaping starting the arc end；Drip molding upper surface temperature is set to be cooled to 20 300 DEG C；The shaping of rest layers is completed, untill total part forming dimension meets the requirements；The present invention can effectively inhibit the height dimension difference that part end produces in Equidirectional type forming process, reduce the defects of forming process produces, ensure that GMAW increasing material manufacturings obtain higher forming dimension precision in Equidirectional type forming mode, this method provides reliable technical support for the control of GMAW increasing material manufacturings forming quality.

Description

GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional types forming mode shapes morphological control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to increases material manufacturing technology field, and in particular to a kind of consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc (Gas metal Arc welding, GMAW) increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional type forming mode shaping morphological control method.
Background technology
Electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing is using electric arc as heat source, and metal wire material is as packing material, according to the shaping of setting Mode is successively shaped until forming full weld metal part.Compared with traditional casting and mechanical manufacturing technology, electric arc, which fills silk, to be increased The flexibility of material manufacture shaping is big, without dedicated fixture and frock, greatly improves stock utilization.What is more important, The component consistency of shaping is high, metallurgical binding performance is good, chemical composition is uniform, good mechanical performance, compared with solid forging part There is intensity height, good toughness.At present, electric arc silk filling increases material manufacturing technology has been subjected to from basic research to application and development The extensive concern of researchers.
The electric arc silk filling common heat source of increasing material manufacturing has consumable electrode gas-arc electric arc, tungsten argon arc, plasma arc.Metal Component forming mode mainly has Equidirectional type shaping and alternating expression shaping.Equidirectional type shaping refers to forming process all the time in the same direction Carry out, alternating expression shaping refers to that the shaping direction of adjacent interlayer is opposite.Electric arc fills silk increasing material manufacturing in shaping, always shows Starting the arc end is high, the low characteristic in blow-out end, if using Equidirectional type forming mode, very big height can be produced at drip molding both ends Size difference.When being formed into certain number of plies, starting the arc end can collide with torch neck, blow-out end due to torch neck away from From excessive, shaping layer protecting effect is bad, and then produces gas hole defect.Drawbacks described above can cause electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing Cheng Wufa continues.
The defects of being produced for above-mentioned Equidirectional type forming process, there is an urgent need for develop a kind of GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type shaping shape Looks control method, the research of the technology have highly important meaning for the problem for capturing GMAW increasing material manufacturings shaping pattern control Justice.Drip molding starting the arc end and blow-out end difference are controlled using alternating expression forming mode mostly both at home and abroad at present, but not yet carried out The research of GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional types forming mode shaping pattern control.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve in existing GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode, drip molding starting the arc end and put out The problem of arc end height dimension difference, there is provided a kind of GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode shapes morphological control method.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode shapes morphological control method, includes the following steps：
Step 1：The GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, shaping electricity are completed using PLC controller The electric signal D/A of stream and shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are the 1.2-1.5 steadily held Times, the forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.7-0.95 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set For 8-15mm, blow-out end shaping length is set as 8-16mm；
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed by PLC Human-machine Controls interface In the initial setting steadily held, forming speed and shaping voltage is set gradually to subtract when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end It is small to the forming speed steadily held and shaping magnitude of voltage；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, shaping speed are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end Degree, shaping voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, and electric arc continues for 20- Extinguish after 1000ms；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into a floor height, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller； Interlayer waits 1-5min, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 20-300 DEG C；
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, the shaping of rest layers is completed, until total part Untill forming dimension meets the requirements.
It is preferred that increments of change of the forming parameter in starting the arc end length and blow-out end length is by with lower section What formula was realized：
(1) voltage is shaped in starting the arc end initial value U during setting shaping1, stabilized end shaping voltage U, the shaping of blow-out end Voltage end value U2；Forming speed is in starting the arc end initial value V1, stabilized end forming speed V, blow-out end forming speed end value V2； Forming current stabilized end I, blow-out end forming current end value I2；Starting the arc end length L1, blow-out end length L2, computer sampling week Phase P；
(2) the sampling period changing value of shaping voltage, forming speed and forming current is tried to achieve according to the following formula：
ΔURise=| U-U1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔUPut out=| U-U2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔVRise=| V-V1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔVPut out=| V-V2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔIPut out=| I-I2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
Wherein：ΔURiseVariable quantity of the voltage within the sampling period, Δ U are shaped for starting the arc endPut outVoltage is shaped for blow-out end to exist Variable quantity in sampling period, Δ VRiseFor variable quantity of the starting the arc end forming speed within the sampling period, Δ VPut outShaped for blow-out end Variable quantity of the speed within the sampling period, Δ IPut outFor variable quantity of the blow-out end forming current within the sampling period.
It is preferred that the steady end forming current is 120-186A, forming speed 4.2-7.3mm/s.
The influence of forming current and forming speed to multilayer single track shaping layer quality is most important, forming current it is excessive or into Shape speed is too low to increase heat input so that shaping layer Pool is unstable, molten bath trickling easily occurs.On the contrary, shaping speed Height is spent, causes wandering, can also reduce forming quality；Forming current is too small so that the forming process droplet transfer is unstable. Therefore, in the present invention, forming current is set as 120-186A, and forming speed is set as 4.2-7.3mm/s.
It is preferred that the initial set value of starting the arc end forming speed is 1.2-1.5 times steadily held, voltage is shaped Initial set value is 1.2-1.4 times steadily held.
At shaping starting the arc end, since the liquid metal of fusing immediately below electric arc is pushed to molten bath rear under arc force effect On the metal just solidified, therefore, starting the arc end forming dimension is highly big.The control method that the present invention takes be the starting the arc end increase into Shape speed and shaping voltage, are so conducive to reduce the forming height at starting the arc end.When the forming speed initial set value at starting the arc end When being less than 1.2 with the ratio steadily held, starting the arc end forming height reduces unobvious, and when setting value is more than 1.5 times, then starting the arc end Forming height is too small.When starting the arc end shapes voltage and the ratio steadily held less than 1.2, starting the arc end forming height reduces unobvious, When ratio is more than 1.4, starting the arc end forming dimension is too low.Therefore in the present invention, the initial set value of starting the arc end forming speed is 1.2-1.5 times steadily held, the initial set value for shaping voltage are 1.2-1.4 times steadily held.
It is preferred that starting the arc end shaping length is set as 10-13mm, blow-out end shaping length is set as 9-13mm. It is generally less than 15mm in view of the length at banking process starting the arc end and blow-out end, in the present invention, starting the arc end and blow-out end length Rational scope must be set in, the length of setting is too small, starting the arc end forming dimension control effect can be caused bad, the length of setting Spend greatly, cause steadily to hold control effect bad.Therefore in the present invention, starting the arc end shaping length is set as 10-13mm, blow-out end Shaping length is set as 9-13mm.
It is preferred that forming speed and forming current are 0.7-0.9 times steadily held at the end of blow-out end, blow-out end It is 0.7-0.95 times steadily held that voltage is shaped at end.In the present invention, in order to reduce the length of blow-out end inclined plane, it is necessary to Reduce the forming current at blow-out end, but must correspondingly reduce forming speed at the same time, just can guarantee that blow-out end shaped cross-section face Product is constant, while reduces shaping voltage at blow-out end, can further increase the height dimension at blow-out end.If forming current is set It is fixed too small, then the droplet transfer can be influenced, if arc voltage setting is too small, blow-out end forming height can be caused to significantly increase. Therefore in the present invention, forming speed and forming current are 0.7-0.9 times steadily held at the end of blow-out end, at the end of blow-out end into Shape voltage is 0.7-0.95 times steadily held.
It is preferred that after the completion of each layer of shaping, forming speed is set as zero, and it is 150- that electric arc, which continues for the time, 545ms.At the blow-out end of electric arc increasing material manufacturing all the time there are an arc crater, therefore, when arc motion is to blow-out end end, need Silk material is continued to fill up at arc crater.But the time that electric arc continues to melt silk material is too short, it is impossible to effectively fills arc crater, fills Time it is too long, easily cause at arc crater filling amount of metal it is excessive so that at the end of blow-out end forming quality be deteriorated.Therefore originally In invention, it is 150-545ms that electric arc, which continues for the time,.
It is preferred that interlayer temperature is cooled to 55-150 DEG C.GMAW increasing material manufacturing processes are single heat source multi source heatings Process, electric arc heat source are big to the heat input of mother metal, thus must be strictly controlled shaping layer interlayer temperature.Interlayer temperature directly determines Forming quality and forming efficiency.If interlayer temperature is smaller, the stand-by period is longer between forming process middle level, reduces shaping Process efficiency.On the other hand, if interlayer temperature is excessive, the mobility in shaping molten bath can be strengthened, reduce shaping layer surface quality. In the present invention, forming efficiency and forming quality are considered, shaping layer interlayer temperature is set as 55-150 DEG C.
It is preferred that the preparation before shaping is：GMAW welding guns are fastened on L-shaped aluminum alloy plate materials, L Shape aluminum alloy plate materials are fixed in motor driving cross balladeur train, and computer sends I/O by PLC controller and pulse signal is realized The leading screw of motor driving cross balladeur train rotates, and then controls the upper and lower and side-to-side movement of GMAW welding guns, makes weldering by PLC controller Rifle is moved at substrate, and the nozzle of GMAW welding guns to upper surface of base plate distance is 12-15mm.
It is preferred that substrate is Q235 mild steel, filling silk material is high strength steel, titanium alloy, stainless steel or Ni-based High-temperature alloy material one kind therein.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The GMAW increasing material manufacturings shaping morphological control method of the present invention can effectively inhibit The height dimension difference that part end produces in Equidirectional type forming process, reduces the defects of forming process produces, it is ensured that GMAW exists Higher forming dimension precision is obtained in Equidirectional type forming mode, this method provides for the control of GMAW increasing material manufacturings forming quality Reliable technical support.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 electric arcs silk filling increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional type forming process realizes schematic diagram
Fig. 2 carbon steel straight wall structural member schematic diagrames
The Equidirectional type formation of parts of Fig. 3 conventional methods shaping
Fig. 4 Equidirectional type forming process forming parameter change schematic diagrams
The Equidirectional type formation of parts of Fig. 5 the method for the invention shaping
Wherein, 1 is workbench, and 2 be substrate, and 3 be GMAW welding guns, and 4 be drip molding, and 5 be " L " shape aluminum alloy plate materials, and 6 be electricity Machine drives cross balladeur train, and 7 be PLC controller, and 8 be computer.
Embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific instantiation, those skilled in the art can be by this specification Disclosed content understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints with application, without departing from Various modifications or alterations are carried out under the spirit of the present invention.
Comparative example
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of long 160mm of carbon steel straight wall structural member, height 30mm, width 5mm.Electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing Equipment is Panasonic YD-500FR power supplys, and the driving stepper motor cross balladeur train shown in Fig. 1 increases as motion, GMAW Steadily end parameter is for material manufacture：Forming current 150A, forming speed 5mm/s, shape voltage 22V, and forming process is with protection gas 95%Ar+5%CO2, packing material is H08Mn2Si welding wires, and silk material diameter 1.2mm, Q235 substrate size are 200mm × 100mm × 10mm, accumulation horizon floor height are 1.66mm, and forming mode is shaped using Equidirectional type.It uses conventional method forming process as follows, Comprise the following steps that：
Step 1：PLC controller is used as master controller, completes each execution of GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional type forming processes The logic control of action, including starting the arc action I/O controls and blow-out action I/O controls, inspection gas signal I/O controls, stepper motor I/O and pulse signal give control, and work out PLC Human-machine Controls interface.
GMAW welding guns are connected through a screw thread and are fixed on " L " shape aluminum alloy plate materials, " L " shape aluminum alloy plate materials pass through screw thread It is fastened in motor driving cross balladeur train.Computer sends I/O by PLC controller and pulse signal realizes that motor drives The leading screw of cross balladeur train rotates, and then controls the upper and lower and side-to-side movement of GMAW welding guns.Welding gun is moved to by PLC controller On the right side of substrate at arcing point, the nozzle of GMAW welding guns to upper surface of base plate is apart from being 13mm.Manually opened GMAW increasing material manufacturings electricity Source and protection gas, set forming current 150A, shaping voltage 22V on source of welding current panel.
Step 2：Welding gun starting the arc at arcing point, completes the shaping of first layer, then welding gun blow-out.By GMAW welding gun liters High 1.66mm, controls cross balladeur train to drive welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller.Interlayer waits 3min, makes into Shape part upper surface temperature is cooled to 100-150 DEG C.
Step 3：Continue repeat step two, complete the shaping of rest layers, untill the 20th layer of shaping terminates.
The straight wall structural member obtained after 20 layers of shaping is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of long 160mm of carbon steel straight wall structural member, height 30mm, width 5mm.Electric arc silk filling increasing material manufacturing Equipment is Panasonic YD-500FR power supplys, and the driving stepper motor cross balladeur train shown in Fig. 1 is as motion.Wherein, 1 It is drip molding for workbench, 4.
Preparation before shaping is：GMAW welding guns are fastened on L-shaped aluminum alloy plate materials 5, L-shaped aluminum alloy plate materials 5 are fixed in motor driving cross balladeur train 6, and computer 8 sends I/O by PLC controller 7 and pulse signal realizes that motor drives The leading screw of cross balladeur train rotates, and then controls the upper and lower and side-to-side movement of GMAW welding guns 3, moves welding gun by PLC controller To at arcing point on the right side of substrate, the nozzle of GMAW welding guns to upper surface of base plate is apart from being 12-15mm.Substrate 2 is Q235 mild steel, Filling silk material is high strength steel, titanium alloy, stainless steel or nickel-base high-temperature alloy material one kind therein.
Forming process is 95%Ar+5%CO with protection gas2, packing material is H08Mn2Si welding wires, silk material diameter 1.2mm, Q235 substrate sizes are 200mm × 100mm × 10mm, and forming mode is shaped using Equidirectional type.
To realize the automatically controlling, it is necessary to complete the meter of the process of GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional type forming mode forming parameters Calculation machine process control.Computer-controlled program is worked out under VC++ environment, forming parameter control algolithm program is developed, using PLC Controller is master controller, completes the logic control of each execution action of GMAW increasing material manufacturing Equidirectional type forming processes, including is risen Arc action I/O controls give control with blow-out action I/O controls, inspection gas signal I/O controls, the I/O of stepper motor and pulse signal System, forming current, the electric signal D/A of shaping voltage give control.PLC Human-machine Controls interface is worked out, realizes above-mentioned each parameter Control.
Increments of change of the forming parameter in starting the arc end length and blow-out end length is achieved in the following ways：
(1) voltage is shaped in starting the arc end initial value U during setting shaping1, stabilized end shaping voltage U, the shaping of blow-out end Voltage end value U2；Forming speed is in starting the arc end initial value V1, stabilized end forming speed V, blow-out end forming speed end value V2； Forming current stabilized end I, blow-out end forming current end value I2；Starting the arc end length L1, blow-out end length L2, computer sampling week Phase P；
(2) the sampling period changing value of shaping voltage, forming speed and forming current is tried to achieve according to the following formula：
ΔURise=| U-U1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔUPut out=| U-U2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔVRise=| V-V1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔVPut out=| V-V2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔIPut out=| I-I2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
Wherein：ΔURiseVariable quantity of the voltage within the sampling period, Δ U are shaped for starting the arc endPut outVoltage is shaped for blow-out end to exist Variable quantity in sampling period, Δ VRiseFor variable quantity of the starting the arc end forming speed within the sampling period, Δ VPut outShaped for blow-out end Variable quantity of the speed within the sampling period, Δ IPut outFor variable quantity of the blow-out end forming current within the sampling period.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment includes the following steps：
Step 1：The GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, shaping electricity are completed using PLC controller The electric signal D/A of stream and shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are 1.2 times steadily held, The forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.7 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set as 8mm, puts out Arc end shaping length is set as 8mm；Steady end forming current is 120A, forming speed 4.2mm/s；
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed by PLC Human-machine Controls interface In the initial setting steadily held, forming speed and shaping voltage is set gradually to subtract when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end It is small to the forming speed steadily held and shaping magnitude of voltage；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, shaping speed are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end Degree, shaping voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, and electric arc is put out after continuing for 20ms Go out；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into 1.5mm, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller；Interlayer 1min is waited, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 20 DEG C；
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, the shaping of rest layers is completed, until total part Untill forming dimension meets the requirements.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment includes the following steps：
Step 1：The GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, shaping electricity are completed using PLC controller The electric signal D/A of stream and shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are 1.5 times steadily held, The forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.95 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set as 15mm, Blow-out end shaping length is set as 16mm；Steady end forming current is 186A, forming speed 7.3mm/s；
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed by PLC Human-machine Controls interface In the initial setting steadily held, forming speed and shaping voltage is set gradually to subtract when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end It is small to the forming speed steadily held and shaping magnitude of voltage；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, shaping speed are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end Degree, shaping voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, after electric arc continues for 1000ms Extinguish；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into 1.52mm, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller；Layer Between wait 5min, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 300 DEG C；
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, the shaping of rest layers is completed, until total part Untill forming dimension meets the requirements.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment includes the following steps：
Step 1：The GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, shaping electricity are completed using PLC controller The electric signal D/A of stream and shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are 1.4 times steadily held, The forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.9 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set as 10mm, puts out Arc end shaping length is set as 9mm；Steady end forming current is 150A, forming speed 5mm/s；
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed by PLC Human-machine Controls interface In the initial setting steadily held, forming speed and shaping voltage is set gradually to subtract when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end It is small to the forming speed steadily held and shaping magnitude of voltage；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, shaping speed are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end Degree, shaping voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, after electric arc continues for 150ms Extinguish；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into 1.66mm, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller；Layer Between wait 3min, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 55 DEG C；.
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, the shaping of rest layers is completed, until total part Untill forming dimension meets the requirements.
The straight wall structural member obtained after 20 layers of shaping is as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment includes the following steps：
Step 1：The GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, shaping electricity are completed using PLC controller The electric signal D/A of stream and shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are 1.3 times steadily held, The forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.8 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set as 13mm, puts out Arc end shaping length is set as 13mm；Steady end forming current is 135A, forming speed 6.5mm/s,
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed by PLC Human-machine Controls interface In the initial setting steadily held, forming speed and shaping voltage is set gradually to subtract when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end It is small to the forming speed steadily held and shaping magnitude of voltage；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, forming current, shaping speed are gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end Degree, shaping voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, after electric arc continues for 545ms Extinguish；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into 1.44mm, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller；Layer Between wait 4min, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 150 DEG C；
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, the shaping of rest layers is completed, until total part Untill forming dimension meets the requirements.
Contrast on effect：When table 1 is shown apart from test specimen starting the arc end different distance, comparative example and 3 test specimen of embodiment shaping 20 Whole height data comparison after layer, for the straight wall structural member of comparative example shaping, the height at starting the arc end is 36.62mm, Height be 33.92mm at the 80mm of starting the arc end, and the height at blow-out end is 22.16mm, and starting the arc end and the difference in height steadily held Different is 2.7mm, and blow-out end and the difference in height steadily held are 11.76mm.
For the straight wall structural member of embodiment shaping, the height at starting the arc end is 31.82mm, at the 80mm of starting the arc end Highly it is 33.4mm, the height at blow-out end is 29.64mm, and starting the arc end and the difference in height steadily held are 1.58mm, blow-out end It is 3.76mm with the difference in height steadily held.
Contrast the straight wall structural member that above-mentioned 2 kinds of modes shape, it can be seen that starting the arc end proposed by the present invention and blow-out end into Shape morphological control method reduces the height at starting the arc end, while adds the height at blow-out end, effectively reduces starting the arc end, puts out Arc end and steady end size difference.
1 comparative example of table and 3 forming height data of embodiment compare
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, not for the limitation present invention.It is any ripe Know the personage of this technology all can carry out modifications and changes under the spirit and scope without prejudice to the present invention to above-described embodiment.Cause This, all those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from disclosed spirit with being completed under technological thought All equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode shapes morphological control method, it is characterised in that includes the following steps：
Step 1：Using PLC controller complete the GMAW increasing material manufacturing process starting the arc and blow-out action I/O controls, forming current and The electric signal D/A of shaping voltage gives control, and the forming speed and shaping voltage for making starting the arc end are 1.2-1.5 times steadily held, The forming speed at blow-out end, forming current, shaping voltage are 0.7-0.95 times steadily held, and starting the arc end shaping length is set as 8- 15mm, blow-out end shaping length are set as 8-16mm；
Step 2：Before shaping starts, forming speed, forming current and shaping voltage are completed flat by PLC Human-machine Controls interface The initial setting surely held, makes forming speed and shaping voltage be gradually decreased to when reaching steady end in the shaping length of starting the arc end The forming speed and shaping magnitude of voltage steadily held；
Step 3：When forming process is close to blow-out end, be gradually reduced in the length of blow-out end forming current, forming speed, into Shape voltage；After forming mode, PLC, which disconnects control signal, makes forming speed be zero, and electric arc is put out after continuing for 20-1000ms Go out；
Step 4：GMAW welding guns are raised into a floor height, control welding gun to return at shaping starting the arc end by PLC controller；Interlayer 1-5min is waited, drip molding upper surface temperature is cooled to 20-300 DEG C；
Step 5：Continue repeat step two, step 3 and step 4, complete the shaping of rest layers, until total part shapes Untill being of the required size.
2. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Increments of change of the forming parameter in starting the arc end length and blow-out end length is achieved in the following ways：
(1) voltage is shaped in starting the arc end initial value U during setting shaping1, stabilized end shaping voltage U, blow-out end shaping voltage end End value U2；Forming speed is in starting the arc end initial value V1, stabilized end forming speed V, blow-out end forming speed end value V2；Shaping electricity Flow stabilized end I, blow-out end forming current end value I2；Starting the arc end length L1, blow-out end length L2, computer sampling cycle P；
(2) the sampling period changing value of shaping voltage, forming speed and forming current is tried to achieve according to the following formula：
ΔURise=| U-U1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔUPut out=| U-U2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔVRise=| V-V1|(V1+V)P/(2L1)
ΔVPut out=| V-V2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
ΔIPut out=| I-I2|(V2+V)P/(2L2)
Wherein：ΔURiseVariable quantity of the voltage within the sampling period, Δ U are shaped for starting the arc endPut outVoltage is shaped for blow-out end sampling Variable quantity in cycle, Δ VRiseFor variable quantity of the starting the arc end forming speed within the sampling period, Δ VPut outFor blow-out end forming speed Variable quantity within the sampling period, Δ IPut outFor variable quantity of the blow-out end forming current within the sampling period.
3. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：The steady end forming current is 120-186A, forming speed 4.2-7.3mm/s.
4. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：The initial set value of starting the arc end forming speed is 1.2-1.5 times steadily held, and the initial set value for shaping voltage is steadily to hold 1.2-1.4 times.
5. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Starting the arc end shaping length is set as 10-13mm, and blow-out end shaping length is set as 9-13mm.
6. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Forming speed and forming current are 0.7-0.9 times steadily held at the end of blow-out end, and it is flat to shape voltage at the end of blow-out end 0.7-0.95 times surely held.
7. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：After the completion of each layer of shaping, forming speed is set as zero, and it is 150-545ms that electric arc, which continues for the time,.
8. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Interlayer temperature is cooled to 55-150 DEG C.
9. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 1 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Preparation before shaping is：GMAW welding guns are fastened on L-shaped aluminum alloy plate materials, L-shaped aluminum alloy plate materials are fixed on In motor driving cross balladeur train, computer sends I/O by PLC controller and pulse signal realizes that motor drives cross balladeur train Leading screw rotates, and then controls the upper and lower and side-to-side movement of GMAW welding guns, welding gun is moved at substrate by PLC controller, The nozzle of GMAW welding guns to upper surface of base plate distance be 12-15mm.
10. GMAW increasing material manufacturings Equidirectional type forming mode according to claim 9 shapes morphological control method, its feature exists In：Substrate is Q235 mild steel, and filling silk material is high strength steel, titanium alloy, stainless steel or nickel-base high-temperature alloy material are therein It is a kind of.
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