CN112894067B - Method for controlling shape of circular ring structural member during wire arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method for controlling shape of circular ring structural member during wire arc additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling the wire arc additive manufacturing appearance of a circular ring structural member, belonging to the field of wire arc additive and 3D forming; aiming at the forming of the circular ring structural member, a layer-by-layer staggered forming mode is provided, and a graded attenuation electric arc control method for controlling constant current acceleration at a starting end and constant current reduction at a tail end by grading is adopted: in the transition forming from the first layer to the fifth layer, the interlayer heat accumulation effect is reduced by adopting a method of reducing the energy density by about 10 percent layer by layer, in the stable forming process after the sixth layer, the speed at the starting end is about 60 percent higher than that in the stable stage, and the energy at the tail end is attenuated by about 30 percent. The invention provides a new idea for controlling the wire arc additive manufacturing and forming of the circular ring structural member, which reduces the arc starting times, greatly reduces the unstable deposition height of the metal melt caused by heat accumulation in the layer-by-layer deposition process, and effectively solves the problems of controlling the accumulation of the metal tumors on the Z-axis movement point and path planning during the forming of the circular ring structural member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of TIG electric arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a wire arc additive manufacturing forming control method for a circular ring structural member.
Background
The TIG electric arc additive manufacturing technology is a novel metal rapid forming technology, has the characteristics of high forming efficiency, controllable heat input and low equipment cost, and is suitable for personalized manufacture of complex workpieces.
The ring structure is a typical structural member, and is characterized in that the ratio of the surface contour dimension to the thickness is large, and the ring structure has the advantages of light weight, compact structure, strong bearing capacity and the like, and at present, the following two main difficulties exist during the TIG electric arc additive manufacturing of the ring structural member: (1) the shape of the multilayer heat accumulation sink layer fluctuates. With the increase of the number of the forming layers, the heat dissipation condition is gradually transited from three dimensions to two dimensions, the heat transfer channels are reduced, so that the multilayer heat accumulation effect is gradually obvious, the molten metal is transited and flows in the forming process and is irregularly fluctuated, and the expected shape is not reached. (2) The metal tumors on the Z-axis movement point are accumulated, so that the appearance of the point is convex, the wire feeding is difficult, and the end part of the tungsten electrode is easy to contact with a molten pool and cannot be continuously formed. The problems bring great challenges to the manufacturing of the annular structural member, so that research on TIG (tungsten inert gas) arc additive manufacturing and forming control of the annular structural member is needed.
At present, the research on the forming precision control of the circular ring structural part is less, and a learner provides accurate arc blowout and arc starting when a Z axis descends, but the arc starting at the same point for multiple times damages the formed size structure. There have also been proposals to increase the amount of wire feed and then mill the accumulated metal nodules, but this approach not only reduces manufacturing efficiency but also wastes material. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, practical and effective control method so as to further improve the stability and quality of the TIG arc additive manufacturing forming of the ring structural member.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of forming appearance fluctuation, metal tumor accumulation and the like in the TIG electric arc additive manufacturing process of the ring structural member in the prior art. A method for controlling the shape of a circular structural member during wire arc additive manufacturing is provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a wire arc additive manufacturing appearance control method for a circular ring structural part is used for manufacturing a circular ring structural part and a multilayer closed thin-wall part structural part, and is formed through a 3D printing system of an electric arc additive manufacturing system, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a circular structural part, wherein the circular structural part comprises the diameter, the total height, the expected layer height and the expected layer width of a designed part, and the three-dimensional data of the circular structural part is sliced to obtain the number of layers and perimeter information of a circle;
step two: the ring structural member consists of m layers, the forming length of each layer is L, and the length of each layer of transition section which is staggered layer by layer is set as S;
step three: in the transition forming from the first layer to the fifth layer, the interlayer heat accumulation effect is reduced by adopting a method of reducing the energy density layer by layer, and the current is reduced;
step four: in the stable forming process after the sixth layer, the forming current adopted for the starting end is unchanged, and the current in the stable stage is set at a fixed value;
step five: the tail end is formed at a constant speed, and the energy density of the electric arc is gradually reduced to 30% of the energy density in the stable forming stage at a position 8-15 mm away from the tail end;
step six: when the forming path of each layer is finished, arc quenching is not needed after the forming of each layer is finished through three-dimensional motion forming;
step seven: and in the movement of Z-axis descending and the transition section length S, reducing the wire feeding speed simultaneously until the forming control of the mth layer is completed, and realizing the control of the forming height in the path length and the height of the path intersection point by TIG electric arc additive manufacturing of the ring structural member until the processing of the sample piece is completed.
Further, the step one is to design the diameter, the total height, the height of each layer and the width of each layer of the part, and specifically includes: the diameter of the designed part is 70mm, the height is 50mm, and the height of each expected layer is h d =1.85mm, the desired layer width of the design is 8mm.
Further, in the third step of transition formation from the first layer to the fifth layer, the current is adjusted from 220A to 140A layer by layer, so that the energy density of each layer is reduced by about 10%, and finally the interlayer heat accumulation effect is reduced.
Further, in the stable forming process after the fourth and sixth steps, the forming current is set to be constant for the starting end, the current in the stable stage is set to be a fixed value of 130A, and the forming speed is about 60% higher than that in the stable stage within 8-15 mm of the starting end.
Furthermore, in the seventh step, in the movement of the Z-axis descending and the transition section length S, the wire feeding speed needs to be reduced at the same time, specifically, 50% of the normal value.
Further, TIG that test platform was built by oneself send an electric arc vibration material disk equipment, its electrical power generating system is fornices MW3000, send a machine for argon arc welding automatic wire feeder WF-007A, the silk material is the 7A09 aluminum alloy welding wire that the diameter is 1.2mm, welder fixes on three-dimensional workstation, sends the motion instruction by the host computer, the base plate material is 7A09 aluminum alloy, the size is 300mm 200mm 10mm, the technological parameter of experimental usefulness is: the current is 130A-220A, the forming speed is 1 mm/s-6 mm/s, the protective gas is 99.9999 percent pure argon, and the gas flow is 10L/min.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the operability is strong, and the problem of unstable deposition height of the metal melt caused by heat accumulation in the layer-by-layer deposition process is simply and effectively solved.
(2) The provided layer-by-layer staggered forming mode automatically reduces the wire feeding amount in the descending of the Z axis and the movement of the transition section, and effectively solves the problems of the accumulation of metal tumors on the Z axis path point, the control of path planning and the like when the circular ring structural member is formed.
(3) Arc extinguishing and motion suspension are not needed in the whole forming process, so that the forming time is shortened, the cost is reduced, the forming quality is improved, and TIG arc additive manufacturing of a ring structural member is realized on the basis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the invention providing a layer-by-layer malposition forming of a circular ring structure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a wire arc additive manufacturing profile of a circular structural member according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the TIG that concrete test platform was built by oneself send an electric arc vibration material disk equipment among this embodiment, its electrical power generating system is Fornes MW3000, send a machine for argon arc welding automatic wire feeder WF-007A, the silk material is the 7A09 aluminum alloy welding wire that the diameter is 1.2mm, welder fixes on three-dimensional workstation, send the motion instruction by the host computer, the base plate material is 7A09 aluminum alloy, the size is 300mm 200mm 10mm, the technological parameter of experimental usefulness is: the current is 130A-220A, the forming speed is 1 mm/s-6 mm/s, the protective gas is 99.9999 percent pure argon, and the gas flow is 10L/min.
A method for controlling TIG arc additive manufacturing and forming of a ring structural member comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the embodiment designs a circular ring structural member based on fig. 1, the diameter of a design part is 70mm, the height of the design part is 50mm, and the height of each layer is h d =1.85mm, the desired layer width of the design is 8mm, per layer period.
Step two: slicing the annular three-dimensional data to obtain the information of the number of layers and the perimeter of a circle;
step three: the ring structural member consists of m layers, the forming length of each layer is L, and the length of each layer of transition section which is staggered layer by layer is set as S;
step four: in the transition formation from the first layer to the fifth layer, the current is adjusted from 220A to 140A layer by layer, so that the energy density of each layer is reduced by about 10 percent, and the interlayer heat accumulation effect is finally reduced;
step five: in the stable forming process after the sixth layer, the forming current adopted for the starting end is unchanged, and the forming speed is about 60 percent higher than that in the stable stage within 8-15 mm of the starting end;
step six: the tail end is shaped at a constant speed, and the energy density of the electric arc is gradually reduced to 30% of the energy density in the stable shaping stage at a position 8-15 mm away from the tail end;
step seven: when the forming path of each layer is finished, arc quenching is not needed after the forming of each layer is finished through three-dimensional motion forming;
step eight: in the movement of Z-axis descending and transition section length S, wire feeding speed needs to be reduced at the same time, and the normal value is 50%; and (4) until the forming control of the mth layer is completed, controlling the forming height and the path cross point height in the path length by TIG electric arc additive manufacturing of the ring structural member until the processing of the sample piece is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the method distributes single-point descending of the circular ring structure to different nodes of each layer, reduces the times of arc starting and arc extinguishing, shortens the forming time, reduces the production cost, completes the forming process in a full-automatic manner, reduces the energy density by adjusting the forming current and the forming speed in sections and adjusting the current in layers, and does not need manual intervention. Compared with the prior art, the circular ring structural member manufactured by the method for controlling the wire arc additive manufacturing shape has higher dimensional precision and surface smoothness, and provides a more efficient direct forming method and a more efficient basic theory for path planning of circular ring structural parts.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A wire arc additive manufacturing appearance control method for a circular ring structural part and a multilayer closed thin-wall part structural part is used for manufacturing a circular ring structural part and a multilayer closed thin-wall part structural part and is formed through a 3D printing system of an electric arc additive manufacturing system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a circular structural part, wherein the circular structural part comprises the diameter, the total height, the expected layer height and the expected layer width of a designed part, and the three-dimensional data of the circular structural part is sliced to obtain the number of layers and perimeter information of a circle;
step two: the ring structural member consists of m layers, the forming length of each layer is L, and the length of each layer of transition section which is staggered layer by layer is set as S;
step three: in the transition forming from the first layer to the fifth layer, the interlayer heat accumulation effect is reduced by adopting a method of reducing the energy density layer by layer, and the current is reduced;
step four: in the stable forming process after the sixth layer, the forming current adopted for the starting end is unchanged, and the current in the stable stage is set at a fixed value;
step five: the tail end is formed at a constant speed, and the energy density of the electric arc is gradually reduced to 30% of the energy density in the stable forming stage at a position 8-15 mm away from the tail end;
step six: when the forming path of each layer is finished, arc quenching is not needed after the forming of each layer is finished through three-dimensional motion forming;
step seven: in the movement of Z-axis descending and the transition section length S, the wire feeding speed is reduced simultaneously until the forming control of the mth layer is completed, and the control of the forming height in the path length and the height of the path intersection point by TIG electric arc additive manufacturing of a ring structural member is realized until the processing of a sample is completed;
in the third step, in the transition formation from the first layer to the fifth layer, the current is adjusted from 220A to 140A layer by layer, so that the energy density of each layer is reduced by about 10 percent, and finally the interlayer heat accumulation effect is reduced;
in the stable forming process after the fourth layer and the sixth layer, the forming current adopted for the starting end is unchanged, the fixed value set for the current in the stable stage is 130A, and the forming speed is about 60 percent higher than that in the stable stage within 8-15 mm of the starting end;
and seventhly, in the Z-axis descending and transition section length S movement, the wire feeding speed needs to be reduced at the same time, and the wire feeding speed is 50% of a normal value.
2. The method for controlling the wire arc additive manufacturing morphology of the circular ring structural member according to claim 1, wherein the step one is to design the diameter, the total height, the desired layer height and the desired layer width of the part, and specifically comprises the following steps: the diameter of the designed part is 70mm, the height is 50mm, and the height of each layer is h d =1.85mm, the desired layer width of the design is 8mm.
3. The method for controlling the wire arc additive manufacturing morphology of the ring structural member according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein a test platform is self-built TIG wire-feeding electric arc additive manufacturing equipment, a power supply system of the test platform is Fornis MW3000, a wire feeder is an argon arc welding automatic wire feeder WF-007A, a wire is a 7A09 aluminum alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, a welding gun is fixed on a three-dimensional workbench and sends a motion instruction by an upper computer, a substrate is made of 7A09 aluminum alloy, the size of the substrate is 300mm x 200mm x 10mm, and technological parameters for testing are as follows: the current is 130A-220A, the forming speed is 1 mm/s-6 mm/s, the protective gas is 99.9999 percent pure argon, and the gas flow is 10L/min.
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| CN114505559A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Cold metal transition arc additive manufacturing method of thin-wall 5087 aluminum alloy component |
| CN114769795B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-05-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Hydrogenation reactor boss gradient current surfacing method based on welding residual stress regulation and control |
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