CN105878903A - 一种金花葵茶及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种金花葵茶及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105878903A CN105878903A CN201610380629.2A CN201610380629A CN105878903A CN 105878903 A CN105878903 A CN 105878903A CN 201610380629 A CN201610380629 A CN 201610380629A CN 105878903 A CN105878903 A CN 105878903A
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Abstract
本发明属于保健品领域，具体涉及一种金花葵茶及其制备方法和用途。所述金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：金花葵10～20份、槐花8～16份、茺蔚子6～12份、旋覆花6～12份、五味子8～14份、白茅根10～15份、砂仁6～10份、桑椹子4～8份和金花茶叶10～15份。本发明提供的金花葵茶口感甘甜、色味清香、易于携带、饮用方便，且制备工艺简单，具有较高的有效成分浸出率和浸出速度，对糖尿病并发症具有较好的防治作用，尤其适用于糖尿病视网膜病变、神经性病变的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健品领域，具体涉及一种金花葵茶及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
金花葵，别名菜芙蓉、野芙蓉、黄蜀葵、黄芙蓉、黏干或山榆皮，在200多个秋葵植物中最具食用、药用、保健价值。金花葵含有天然黄酮类化合物、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E及多种微量元素等，其中黄酮类化合物是金花葵的主要生物活性物质，含量高达6％。已有研究证明金花葵具有良好的解热抗炎、镇痛、降血脂、防癌、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗菌抗病毒等作用。此外，其丰富的天然植物雌激素，对于延长女性青春期，减轻或避免中老年更年期综合症也有奇效。金花葵中黄酮类化合物的主要成分为金丝桃苷，而金丝桃苷具有明显的抗炎、止咳、同化作用，另外，还具有较强的抑制眼醛糖还原酶的作用。
目前，金花葵优良的食用、药用、保健价值在花草茶功能性食品饮料领域已受到广泛的关注。现有技术中，对金花葵的利用多以金花葵根、茎、叶子、花作为主要原料，辅以其他中草药，充分发挥其多功能性保健作用。如中国专利200710016253.8公开了金花葵保健茶，该金花葵保健茶以金花葵干茎杆切片、金花葵干叶、金花葵熟种子为主要原料，辅以金花葵干花制备而成，具有增强人体免疫力，增强体质，降血脂，降血压，改善微循环，提高机体抗氧化能力，调解肾功能低下，促进人体健康的功能。中国专利201410003034.6公开了一种金花葵花袋泡茶及生产方法，该金花葵花袋泡茶包括以下成分的重量份：金花葵花20～65、山楂10～40、枸杞子15～35、黄精3.0～10、菊花5.0～25、荷叶10～30，具有改善心脑血管及微循环功能、增强机体抗氧化能力和降血脂以及减肥效果。中国专利201410020858.4公开了一种芙蓉金花茶，该芙蓉金花茶以野芙蓉、木芙蓉、水芙蓉、金花茶4种药材为原料，具有降血糖血脂、消炎镇痛、清热解毒、美容养颜、延年益寿、抗癌防癌之保健功效。
目前没有关于金花葵茶防治糖尿病并发症如视网膜病变、白内障、神经病变的相关报道，并且以上保健茶的制备工艺多采用将原料清洗、干燥、粉碎、混匀、包装等简单的步骤制备而成，使得单位重量产品的含药量较低，不利于有效成分的浸出。同时由于未经预处理，使保健茶中含有大量的多糖类和蛋白质，促进微生物的生长繁殖，不利于长期保存。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种金花葵茶及其制备方法和用途，所述的金花葵茶对糖尿病并发症具有显著的防治效果，尤其适用于治疗糖尿病并发症如：神经疾病、白内障及视网膜变病等，且制备方法简单，使有效成分充分溶出的同时保证茶的稳定性，携带方便，服用简单，符合现代人高品质、快节奏的要求。
本发明通过如下技术方案以实现上述目的：
一种金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：金花葵10～20份、槐花8～16份、茺蔚子6～12份、旋覆花6～12份、五味子8～14份、白茅根10～15份、砂仁6～10份、桑椹子4～8份和金花茶叶10～15份。
优选地，所述金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：金花葵15份、槐花12份、茺蔚子10份、旋覆花12份、五味子10份、白茅根12份、砂仁8份、桑椹子6份和金花茶叶15份。
进一步地，所述金花葵为金花葵花、金花葵种子和金花葵叶子中的至少一种。
此外，本发明还提供了一种所述金花葵茶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取金花葵、五味子和桑椹子洗净，干燥后粉碎得粗粉，加入粗粉5倍重量70％乙醇，回流提取2次，每次3～4h，过滤保留滤渣，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.30的浸膏；
(2)取槐花、旋覆花、白茅根和砂仁，自来水抢水冲洗至无泥沙，置通风处自然晾至无滴水，60℃烘干后粉碎得粗粉，将粗粉与步骤(1)所述的滤渣合并，然后加入其重量15～20倍量的水浸泡4～6h，微波提取10～15min，提取温度为80～100℃，微波功率为240～300W，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.30的浸膏；
(3)取茺蔚子洗净，清炒至有爆声，取出凉透，然后与金花茶叶混匀，干燥后粉碎，过40～60目筛，得粗粉；
(4)将步骤(1)和(2)得到的浸膏和步骤(3)得到粗粉混匀，减压干燥，过筛整粒，得20～60目的粗粉，进行紫外灭菌，分装至袋泡茶棉纸袋中，每袋5g，即得成品。
进一步地，所述步骤(4)紫外线灭菌具体为：紫外灯功率为40W，灯距离粗粉20～30cm，粗粉平铺厚度为0.5cm，灭菌时间为1～2h。
本发明提供的金花葵茶中的金花葵具有良好的清热解毒，凉血止血，抗菌消炎，降血糖，抗氧化，消除自由基的作用，能有效缓解高血糖状态的氧化应激，减轻氧化应激参与微血管并发症的发展，从而防止糖尿病性视网膜病变、白内障引起的血管内皮损害和微血管闭塞。槐花中的成分芸香甙及其甙元槲皮素能减少血管通透性，使因脆性增加而出血的毛细血管恢复正常的弹性，对毛细血管具有较强的稳定作用。茺蔚子具有活血通经，清肝明目的功效，有利于改善视网膜微循环，促进视力恢复。白茅根具有凉血止血，养阴清热，促进出血、渗出的吸收，保护视力。金花茶叶具有清热解毒，利尿消肿，增强肝肾脏活力，抗菌消炎的功效，对调节人体血脂、血糖、胆固醇，增强机体免疫力具有显著的疗效，有利于促进黄斑水肿消失，改善患者的视力。
金花葵中富含的黄酮类化合物、槐花和旋覆花富含的槲皮素、异槲皮素均具有显著的醛糖还原酶的抑制作用。而醛糖还原酶在哺乳动物体内催化葡萄糖向山梨醇的转化，是糖尿病并发症如白内障、视网膜病变和神经疾病的主要起因。五味子和桑椹子富含的原花青素是一种具有强大的抗菌、抗炎、抗过敏和抗氧化作用的黄酮类多酚化合物，可以强化毛细血管、动静脉血管，具有消肿化瘀的功效，使毛细血管阻力减少和渗透性改善，减少眼睛毛细血管出血，改善视力。此外，原花青素能显著抑制MDR1mRNA的表达水平，进一步抑制由MDR1基因编码的P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)的表达水平，从而促进金丝桃苷、槲皮素、异槲皮素的肠道吸收，进而加强抑制醛糖还原酶，发挥抗糖尿病并发症的功效。
金花葵、槐花、白茅根、桑椹子性寒、凉，易伤胃气，故配以砂仁，化湿开胃、健脾养胃。此外白茅根的甜味、五味子和桑椹子酸甜味均有利于改善金花葵茶的口味。
经试验证明，本发明提供的金花葵茶对防治糖尿病并发症具有显著的疗效，尤其适用于治疗糖尿病并发症如：视网膜变病、白内障及神经疾病。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的金花葵茶具有以下优势：
(1)本发明提供的金花葵茶口感甘甜、色味清香、易于携带、饮用方便，对糖尿病并发症如视网膜病变、神经性病变均具有较好的疗效，能显著改善单纯型糖尿病性视网膜病患者的视力和眼底症状，进一步加强降糖药格列吡嗪的降血糖效果，对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的肢体主侧正中神经和腓总神经的运动传导速度和感觉传导速度均具有显著的改善作用。
(2)本发明提供的金花葵茶制备工艺简单，具有较高的有效成分浸出率和浸出速度，使金花葵茶中的多酚类、易挥发成分充分析出，提高茶质，且色香味俱全，满足现代人高品质、快节奏的要求。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步描述本发明，但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。
实施例1
本发明实施例1的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵15份、槐花12份、茺蔚子10份、旋覆花12份、五味子10份、白茅根12份、砂仁8份、桑椹子6份和金花茶叶15份。
制备方法：
(1)取金花葵、五味子和桑椹子洗净，干燥后粉碎得粗粉，加入粗粉5倍重量70％乙醇，回流提取2次，每次3h，过滤保留滤渣，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20的浸膏；
(2)取槐花、旋覆花、白茅根和砂仁，自来水抢水冲洗至无泥沙，置通风处自然晾至无滴水，60℃烘干后粉碎得粗粉，将粗粉与步骤(1)所述的滤渣合并，然后加入其重量20倍量的水浸泡6h，微波提取10min，提取温度为100℃，微波功率为240W，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20的浸膏；
(3)取茺蔚子洗净，清炒至有爆声，取出凉透，然后与金花茶叶混匀，干燥后粉碎，过60目筛，得粗粉；
(4)将步骤(1)和(2)得到的浸膏和步骤(3)得到粗粉混匀，减压干燥，过筛整粒，得60目的粗粉，进行紫外灭菌，具体为：紫外灯功率为40W，灯距离粗粉30cm，粗粉平铺厚度为0.5cm，灭菌时间为2h，然后分装至袋泡茶棉纸袋中，每袋5g，即得成品。
实施例2
本发明实施例2的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵20份、槐花16份、茺蔚子12份、旋覆花6份、五味子8份、白茅根10份、砂仁10份、桑椹子5份和金花茶叶15份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明实施例3的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵10份、槐花15份、茺蔚子10份、旋覆花12份、五味子14份、白茅根15份、砂仁6份、桑椹子8份和金花茶叶10份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
本发明实施例4的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵18份、槐花8份、茺蔚子6份、旋覆花10份、五味子14份、白茅根15份、砂仁10份、桑椹子4份和金花茶叶15份。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
本发明实施例5的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵16份、槐花10份、茺蔚子8份、旋覆花8份、五味子14份、白茅根13份、砂仁10份、桑椹子8份和金花茶叶13份。
制备方法：
(1)取金花葵、五味子和桑椹子洗净，干燥后粉碎得粗粉，加入粗粉5倍重量70％乙醇，回流提取2次，每次4h，过滤保留滤渣，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30的浸膏；
(2)取槐花、旋覆花、白茅根和砂仁，自来水抢水冲洗至无泥沙，置通风处自然晾至无滴水，60℃烘干后粉碎得粗粉，将粗粉与步骤(1)所述的滤渣合并，然后加入其重量15倍量的水浸泡4h，微波提取15min，提取温度为80℃，微波功率为300W，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30的浸膏；
(3)取茺蔚子洗净，清炒至有爆声，取出凉透，然后与金花茶叶混匀，干燥后粉碎，过40目筛，得粗粉；
(4)将步骤(1)和(2)得到的浸膏和步骤(3)得到粗粉混匀，减压干燥，过筛整粒，得20目的粗粉，进行紫外灭菌，具体为：紫外灯功率为40W，灯距离粗粉30cm，粗粉平铺厚度为0.5cm，灭菌时间为2h，然后分装至袋泡茶棉纸袋中，每袋5g，即得成品。
对比例1
本发明对比例1的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵20份、槐花14份、旋覆花12份、五味子10份、白茅根15份、砂仁8份、桑椹子6份和金花茶叶15份。
制备方法参考实施例1，本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不加茺蔚子，增加金花葵、槐花和白茅根的重量份数。
对比例2
本发明对比例2的金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：
金花葵20份、槐花12份、茺蔚子10份、旋覆花12份、白茅根15份、砂仁8份、桑椹子8份和金花茶叶15份。
制备方法参考实施例1，本对比例与实施例1的区别在于，不加五味子，增加金花葵、白茅根和桑椹子的重量份数。
试验例一、本发明金花葵茶对单纯型糖尿病性视网膜病变的疗效观察
1.试验资料
筛选230例(420只眼)均符合WHO糖尿病诊断标准和糖尿病视网膜变病诊分期标准的Ⅰ-Ⅲ期单纯型糖尿病性视网膜病患者，年龄18～65岁，平均年龄47岁。所有患者的病程均为5年以上，且属于非胰岛素依赖型的糖尿病患者。随机分为7组，分别为实施例1-4组、对比例1、2组和对照组，每组患者有60只眼患有单纯型糖尿病视网膜病，各组从年龄、病程等方面比较均没有统计学差异，具有可比性。
2.试验方法
对照组仅服用治疗糖尿病的西药格列吡嗪片(辉瑞制药)，服用方法：饭前30min服用，每日剂量15mg，分2～3次服用；实施例1-4组、对比例1和2组在服用治疗糖尿病西药的基础上加服本发明实施例1-4和对比例1、2组制得的金花葵茶，服用方法：饭前30min服用格列吡嗪片，每日剂量15mg，分2～3次服用；饭后1h取一袋金花葵茶(5g)，用40℃温开水200mL冲服，3次/d。各组患者连续服药6个月后进行视力、眼底检查，并对血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平进行检测。
疗效标准显效：视力由手动或指数增加到0.02以上，或0.01增加到0.1以上，或0.1增加4行以上；眼底出血、渗出、水肿和微血管瘤4项中，有2项以上减轻；有效：视力由手动增加到指数/30cm以上，或指数增加到0.01以上，或0.01增加到0.04以上，或0.1增加1～3行；眼底出血、渗出、水肿和微血管瘤4项中有1项以上减轻；无效：视力无明显变化或增加少于1行；眼底无变化；恶化：视力下降，眼底病变加重。
3.试验结果
表1各组患者治疗后视力变化(眼)
| 组别 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 恶化 |
| 实施例1 | 32 | 21 | 7 | 0 |
| 实施例2 | 28 | 23 | 9 | 0 |
| 实施例3 | 25 | 23 | 12 | 0 |
| 实施例4 | 27 | 24 | 9 | 0 |
| 对比例1 | 15 | 23 | 20 | 2 |
| 对比例2 | 11 | 21 | 23 | 5 |
| 对照组 | 6 | 18 | 22 | 14 |
表2各组患者治疗后眼底变化(眼)
表3各组患者治疗前、后空腹血糖变化
注：与本组治疗前比较，*P＜0.05。
本发明实施例1-4提供的金花葵茶对单纯型糖尿病性视网膜病患者的视力和眼底症状均具有较好的改善作用，没有出现病变恶化。眼底变化中出血吸收，渗出、水肿减轻较为显著，微血管和新生血管减少也有一定的疗效，眼底改善不如视力明显，并以实施例1的效果最佳。对比例1、2分别缺乏茺蔚子和五味子，对患者视力和眼底症状的改善作用均降低，尤其以对比例2的疗效下降幅度最大，表明五味子的有效成分对其他组分疗效的发挥具有显著增益作用；茺蔚子活血通经，清肝明目的功效，有利于改善视网膜微循环，促进视力恢复和改善眼底症状。此外，本发明提供的金花葵茶可进一步加强格列吡嗪降血糖和降低糖化血红蛋白水平的效果，并以实施例1的效果最佳。
试验例二、本发明金花葵茶对糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察
1.试验资料
筛选符合WHO糖尿病诊断标准及经确诊的糖尿病神经病变患者240例，年龄45～68岁，平均年龄50岁。所有患者的糖尿病周围神经病变症状均为1～2年或以上，并要求入选患者病情稳定，血糖控制良好，无肝、肾造血系统等原发严重疾病，无神经系统疾病，无酮症酸中毒、感染，近6个月无急性心脑血管事件；无肿瘤、器官移植及甲状腺功异常等疾病。将420例患者随机分为4组，分别为实施例1组、对比例1、2组和对照组，每组40例，各组从年龄、病程等方面比较均没有统计学差异，具有可比性。
2.试验方法
所有患者均采用饮食控制、理疗、适度运动、口服降糖药或注射胰岛素控制血糖等。对照组服用甲钴胺片(弥可保，日本卫材株式会社)，每次0.5mg，3次/日；实施例1组、对比例1和2组分别服用本发明实施例1、对比例1和2组制得的金花葵茶，服用方法：饭后30min取一袋金花葵茶(5g)，用40℃温开水200mL冲服，3次/d；各组连续用药4周。记录治疗前后患者的神经传导速度：使用丹麦DISA1500型肌电图仪测定患者肢体主侧正中神经和腓总神经的运动传导速度(MNCV)和正中神经和腓总神经的感觉传导速度(SNCV)。
3.试验结果
表4各组患者治疗前、后MNCV比较
注：与本组治疗前比较，*P＜0.05。
表5各组患者治疗前、后SNCV比较
注：与本组治疗前比较，*P＜0.05。
糖尿病神经病变患者服用本发明实施例1提供的金花葵茶，显著改善肢体主侧正中神经和腓总神经的运动传导速度和感觉传导速度，其效果与临床上治疗末梢性神经障碍常用药物甲钴胺的效果相当，对比例1和对比例2分别缺乏茺蔚子和五味子，对运动神经和感觉神经传导速度仍具有较好的改善作用，表明本发明提供的金花葵茶对治疗糖尿病神经病变具有较好的疗效。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种金花葵茶，其特征在于，所述金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：金花葵10～20份、槐花8～16份、茺蔚子6～12份、旋覆花6～12份、五味子8～14份、白茅根10～15份、砂仁6～10份、桑椹子4～8份和金花茶叶10～15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金花葵茶，其特征在于，所述金花葵茶由以下重量份数的原料制备而成：金花葵15份、槐花12份、茺蔚子10份、旋覆花12份、五味子10份、白茅根12份、砂仁8份、桑椹子6份和金花茶叶15份。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的金花葵茶，其特征在于，所述金花葵为金花葵花、金花葵种子和金花葵叶子中的至少一种。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的金花葵茶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)取金花葵、五味子和桑椹子洗净，干燥后粉碎得粗粉，加入粗粉5倍重量70％乙醇，回流提取2次，每次3～4h，过滤保留滤渣，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.30的浸膏；
(2)取槐花、旋覆花、白茅根和砂仁，自来水抢水冲洗至无泥沙，置通风处自然晾至无滴水，60℃烘干后粉碎得粗粉，将粗粉与步骤(1)所述的滤渣合并，然后加入其重量15～20倍量的水浸泡4～6h，微波提取10～15min，提取温度为80～100℃，微波功率为240～300W，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液真空减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.30的浸膏；
(3)取茺蔚子洗净，清炒至有爆声，取出凉透，然后与金花茶叶混匀，干燥后粉碎，过40～60目筛，得粗粉；
(4)将步骤(1)和(2)得到的浸膏和步骤(3)得到粗粉混匀，减压干燥，过筛整粒，得20～60目的粗粉，进行紫外灭菌，分装至袋泡茶棉纸袋中，每袋5g，即得成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的金花葵茶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)紫外线灭菌具体为：紫外灯功率为40W，灯距离粗粉20～30cm，粗粉平铺厚度为0.5cm，灭菌时间为1～2h。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的金花葵茶在制备防治糖尿病并发症保健品中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的金花葵茶在制备防治糖尿病并发症保健品中的用途，其特征在于，所述糖尿病并发症包括视网膜变病、白内障及神经疾病。
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