CN105873562B - 漂白凝胶 - Google Patents
漂白凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105873562B CN105873562B CN201480066386.4A CN201480066386A CN105873562B CN 105873562 B CN105873562 B CN 105873562B CN 201480066386 A CN201480066386 A CN 201480066386A CN 105873562 B CN105873562 B CN 105873562B
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- gel
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
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Abstract
本文公开一种具有高电导性的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物。本发明的目的是提供一种漂白凝胶组合物，所述漂白凝胶组合物比现有技术凝胶刺激性小并且高效以使得它能够在更短时间内漂白。所述组合物包含过氧化物或过氧化物释放化合物如作为漂白剂的过氧化脲、过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠、作为增稠组分的交联聚丙烯酸酯聚合物以及增强电导性的成分如电解质。
Description
技术领域
本凝胶涉及牙齿漂白组合物、并且具体地说涉及导电牙齿漂白组合物的领域。
背景
染色或变色的牙齿被认为是化妆品损害。牙齿美白是为了改进牙齿的外观而进行的美容处理。对牙齿进行美白以去除咖啡、香烟以及使牙齿永久染色或变色的其他物质的作用。牙齿美白或漂白的不同技术是已知的并且存在改进染色牙齿外观的相对简单的程序。该程序可在牙科诊所、办公室或居住环境中进行。
各种牙齿漂白组合物和牙齿漂白装置或托盘在市场上存在。这类牙齿漂白组合物通常使用被配置以便抵靠人的牙齿保留牙齿组合物的牙科托盘来施加至人的牙齿。处理持续约10分钟至几小时并且虽然在住宅环境中进行，但它以某种方式降低所处理人的讲话、运动和操作的自由度。此外，所处理人在相对长的时间段内将牙科托盘固持在口中是不舒适的。
在牙齿漂白处理过程中所处理人的舒适度可通过缩短漂白的时间来改进。最常见的漂白剂是过氧化物，包括但不限于过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过硼酸钠和过碳酸钠。缩短处理时间的最简单的方法是增加过氧化物的浓度。然而，这可能导致刺激以及甚至牙龈或嘴唇或其他软组织的一些损伤。
更快速地漂白牙齿的另一种方式是，通过热量或光加速与漂白过程有关的化学反应。已知热量和光单独或组合以加速化学反应。具有增加的漂白活性的不同漂白组合物已被开发用于与热量或光配合使用。
概述
本发明的目的是提供一种漂白凝胶组合物，该漂白凝胶组合物比现有技术凝胶刺激性小、高效、能够在更短时间内漂白并且在施加时产生美白的牙齿。
呈现一种特征在于高电导性的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物。该组合物包含过氧化物或过氧化物释放化合物如作为漂白剂的过氧化脲、过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠]，作为增稠组分的交联聚丙烯酸酯聚合物以及增强电导性的成分如电解质。碱金属硝酸盐和/或碱金属氢氧化物是这类电解质的实例。它们中的每种可单独包含在组合物中或它们中的两者的混合物可用于增强牙齿漂白凝胶组合物的电导性。
包含至少一种醇如甘油或丙二醇的水溶液用作媒介物和溶剂，其中将其他成分或组分进行混合以制备牙齿漂白凝胶组合物。
通常用于漂白凝胶中的其他成分也可以通常使用的量用于本发明的组合物中，只要这类成分是牙科上可接受的。实例是影响凝胶的抗菌和氧化特性的药剂、结合剂、口腔清爽和调味组分以及改进漂白凝胶粘度和湿润特性的组分，该组分根据需要添加至组合物中。
描述
本发明提供一种漂白凝胶组合物，该漂白凝胶组合物比现有技术凝胶刺激性小、高效、能够在短时间内漂白并且在仅施加几次持续几分钟(如一周两次持续仅几分钟)时产生美白的牙齿。该凝胶具有允许其深入渗透在牙釉质内以清除大多数嵌入的污渍而无敏感性或刺激性。
有利作用是通过使用如权利要求中所定义的组分来实现的。本发明的凝胶在通过微电流活化时是高效的。
定义
在本公开的上下文中，术语“牙齿漂白”和“牙齿美白”具有相同的含义。
过氧化物可以是与人皮肤和粘膜相容的任何已知过氧化物。过氧化氢是一个实例。
“过氧化物释放化合物”包含在通过微电流活化时释放过氧化物的化合物。实例是过氧化脲、过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠。
在本申请中使用时，术语“微电流”是指25毫安或更小的电流。
电流已知加速漂白反应。电流活化漂白剂并且加速漂白反应。电流活化专门配制的美白凝胶的某些成分，从而允许其深入渗透在牙釉质内以清除大多数嵌入的污渍而无敏感性或刺激性。使用电流和专门配制的凝胶已被证明递送比光或热活化的牙齿美白处理更好的美白结果。
本发明允许使用微电流用于活化漂白剂。在本申请中使用时，术语“微电流”具有其常见含义，并且特别是指25毫安或更小、具体地15毫安或更小、优选1至10毫安的电流。将电流施加至漂白凝胶组合物比施加通过LED的组件产生的光和或热更便宜。电流也更简单且更易于控制和调节。本发明的具有一定水平的电导性的牙齿漂白组合物允许使用电流来活化漂白剂且加速漂白反应。
已经发现，当使用如下所述具有一定程度的电导性的组合物时，可使用微电流发生活化。
虽然包含离子化合物的漂白凝胶是已知的，但它们的电导性不足以产生支持漂白剂的活化和加速漂白反应的电流。市场上目前可用的牙齿漂白组合物是不导电的或通常具有低于200微西门子/cm的极低电导性。
如本文所述的具有至少250毫西门子/cm的电导性的漂白凝胶可通过低电流、具体地通过微电流活化以变得足够有效来允许牙齿美白，即使施加较短时间。
本发明的具有显著更高电导性的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物可支持使用电流来加速漂白反应的牙齿漂白装置的更快发展和商业化。这类牙齿漂白凝胶和装置或托盘可降低牙齿漂白的成本，并且在美白或漂白牙齿方面比市场上目前可用的现有产品更有效。
本发明的牙齿漂白凝胶至少包含漂白剂、增稠剂、媒介物和增加电导性的药剂。成分的组合提供允许微电流的流动的稳定凝胶。当将微电流施加至凝胶时，这将产生过氧化物自由基，该过氧化物自由基随后可用于漂白反应。
牙齿漂白凝胶组合物还可包含多种成分，其通常存在于这种类型的组合物中，并且具体地说除了漂白剂、增稠剂和媒介物以外可包含液体组分、碱性组分、调味组分以及一些其他组分，只要它可期望实现特定的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物特性。例如，该组合物还可包含在光或热的作用时将加速牙齿漂白过程的光敏或热敏成分。
在不同实施例中列出的牙齿漂白凝胶成分遵循化妆品成分国际命名法，缩写为(INCI)。
每当以百分比提及成分的量时，这些是指％w/w，即，成分的重量/最终组合物的重量。
本漂白凝胶的必需成分是作为漂白剂的过氧化物或过氧化物释放剂；实例是过氧化氢或过氧化脲、过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠。该漂白剂以提供牙齿的至少一些美白但小于刺激或伤害组织或粘膜的量的量使用。漂白剂的量可基于最终漂白凝胶组合物的重量在1％w/w至35％w/w的范围内，具体地说3％w/w至10％w/w或6％w/w至9％w/w过氧化物。
另一种必需成分是增稠剂。用于制备漂白凝胶的增稠剂是已知的并且可用于本组合物。增稠剂用于调整凝胶的流变学/粘度，以使得其可容易地施加并且在施加时不会流走。增稠剂的实例是交联聚丙烯酸酯。增稠剂以提供凝胶的所需粘度的量使用，本领域的技术人员能够以已知方式发现适合量。有用的量在1％w/w至5％w/w的范围内。
增稠剂凝胶组分是流变改性剂，其增加牙齿漂白组合物的粘度以防止牙齿漂白凝胶组合物流出牙齿托盘。牙齿漂白组合物的粘度增加还适用于减少与软组织如牙龈、嘴唇和口组织的一些内部表面的接触。在一个实例中，可从Lubrizol Corporation Wickliffe，Ohio 44092USA商购的浓度为1％w/w至5％w/w的商品名卡波姆940或980的交联聚丙烯酸酯聚合物用作增稠剂。
此外，漂白凝胶包含水性媒介物，该水性媒介物优选包含至少一种醇，如甘油、二醇或其混合物。媒介物的实例是水和甘油和/或二醇的混合物。二醇可以是丙二醇。在一个实施方案中，媒介物是水和甘油的混合物，甘油改进牙齿表面的润湿并且因此有助于漂白凝胶的施加。
水性媒介物优选地以45％w/w至85％w/w的量存在，其中20％w/w至35％w/w可以是醇组分，如甘油或二醇。
另一种必需成分是增强电导性的化合物或电解质，如盐或碱。增强电导性的化合物的实例是碱金属氢氧化物(如氢氧化钾)或碱金属硝酸盐(如硝酸钾)或者其混合物。氢氧化钾和硝酸钾的组合已被发现特别有价值。随着漂白凝胶被施加至粘膜，碱金属氢氧化物的量不应太高以至于刺激粘膜。产生5至7范围内的pH的量已被发现是有用的。在必要时可添加其他成分以调整pH。
增强电导性的化合物以使得最终漂白凝胶的电导性高于250微西门子/cm的量使用。上述电解质的量可在1％w/w至10％w/w的范围内，例如1％w/w至5％w/w碱金属氢氧化物和1％w/w至5％w/w碱金属硝酸盐。
在一个实例中，漂白凝胶可包含增强电导性的成分或多种成分。增强电导性的成分可以是电解质，例如像呈不同量或百分比的硝酸钾或氢氧化钾。它们中的两者的混合也可用于增强牙齿漂白凝胶组合物的电导性。硝酸钾也可用于降低牙齿敏感性并且氢氧化钾可用于调节漂白凝胶pH。电流可用于加速过氧化物的不稳定并且促进参与牙齿漂白过程的其他的氧离子和氧自由基的衍生物的释放。牙齿漂白组合物中的氢氧化钾浓度可以是1重量％至5％重量。并且牙齿漂白组合物中的硝酸钾浓度可以是1重量％至5％重量。
在漂白凝胶的一个实施方案中，包含过氧化氢(H2O2)的漂白剂与氢氧化钾(KOH)组合使用。基于最终漂白凝胶的重量，过氧化氢的浓度可以是1重量％至35％重量，并且用作D.I水中的50％溶液的氢氧化钾的浓度可以是1重量％至5％重量。过氧化氢可商购自许多供应商，例如商购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC公司，Missouri 63031USA。
根据一些实例，甘油和水用作本牙齿漂白凝胶组合物中的液体组分。甘油还用作促进通过牙齿漂白凝胶组合物促进牙齿表面的更好润湿的湿润剂。在一些实例中，甘油以20％w/w至35％w/w的浓度包含并且水以25％w/w至50％w/w的浓度包含。
对于稳定，漂白凝胶可包含其他成分。像聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的结合剂已被发现是有用的，它们可以0.5％w/w至2％w/w的量使用。此外，络合剂如乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐可用于改进凝胶的稳定性。0.1％w/w至1％w/w的量已经发现是适合的。
为了改进牙齿漂白凝胶组合物的味道，调味剂或甜味剂可被添加至组合物中。此类甜味剂的实例可包含浓度为0.1％至0.3％的糖精钠盐水合物。调味剂可包含浓度为0.1％至0.3％等的薄荷和薄荷油。调味剂是可商购的，例如商购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC公司，Missouri63031USA。
该凝胶还可包含热或光敏化剂以进一步提高活性。
漂白凝胶用于通过施加微电流漂白牙齿。本申请的另一方面因此是一种用于漂白牙齿的方法，该方法包括：
向待漂白的牙齿施加具有高于250微西门子/cm电导性的凝胶层；
向由具有高于250微西门子/cm电导性的凝胶层覆盖的牙齿施加至少1毫安的电流；以及
漂白牙齿。
据发现，通过使用本发明的漂白凝胶和约1至10毫安的低电流，牙齿可在几分钟内、例如5至10分钟内漂白。该凝胶没有刺激性并且低电流对于使用者来说不是有害或令人不愉快的。
牙齿漂白凝胶施加和测试程序
如上所述的牙齿漂白凝胶与提供用于活化过氧化物的电流的微电流装置组合用于漂白牙齿。可与本申请的凝胶一起使用的有用的微电流装置是可商购自Syneron BeautyLtd.，Yoqneam 2069202Israel的PearlTM牙齿漂白托盘。此漂白托盘用于测试漂白凝胶：
a.将可商购自Syneron Beauty Ltd.，Yoqneam 2069202Israel的PearlTM牙齿漂白托盘填充足以在待漂白的牙齿的至少表面上形成凝胶层的本发明凝胶。
b.将具有该凝胶的托盘放置在口中并用电流供应活化5分钟。
c.在处理结束时，通过清洗牙齿除去剩余的凝胶。
其他实施方案在以下实施例中概述。
实施例1牙齿漂白凝胶
使用以下成分制备包含6％过氧化氢的凝胶：
| 成分 | 浓度(％)w/w |
| 甘油 | 25-30 |
| 卡波姆940/卡波姆980 | 1-5 |
| 过氧化氢30％ | 20-25 |
| 去离子水 | 40-50 |
| 硝酸钾 | 2-3 |
| 氢氧化钾(于水中50％) | 2-3 |
| PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮) | 0.5-2 |
| EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐) | 0.1-1 |
| 糖精钠盐水合物 | 0.2 |
| 薄荷油 | 0.2 |
通过根据以下程序组合以下成分来制备120克的6％HP牙齿凝胶漂白组合物：
将3.6g的硝酸钾与0.24g的糖精、0.6g EDTA混合并且在室温下溶解于40ml的水中。将两至三滴的KOH添加至混合物。
混合器用于搅拌该混合物持续约5-10(五-十)分钟。在开始搅拌时，将3克的(交联聚丙烯酸酯聚合物)添加至混合物。将混合物在200-250RPM的低速下搅拌。
在搅拌该混合物约5-10分钟后，将40ml(32g)的甘油添加至该混合物并且在500-700RPM的速度下继续搅拌另外5-10分钟。
在此之后，将24ml的过氧化氢(30％W/W溶液)添加至该混合物，并且将该混合物在500-700RPM的速度下搅拌另外5-10分钟。
将三(3)毫升的氢氧化钾50％W/W溶液添加至该混合物并且将该混合物在750-1000RPM的速度下继续搅拌另外五(5-10)分钟。
将0.2％w/w量的薄荷油添加至该混合物中，并且在1000RPM的速度下搅拌约一分钟。
将0.6g量的PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)添加至几乎准备好的组合物，并且在1000RPM的速度下搅拌另外10分钟。
该过程产生约120g的准备使用的凝胶组合物。所产生的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物是稳定的，并且能够抵靠人的牙齿将牙齿托盘粘附且保留在适当位置。牙齿漂白组合物具有500-700微西门子/cm的电导性。
PearlTM牙齿托盘用于测试实施例1的漂白凝胶组合物的漂白特性。施加约6毫安的电流持续5分钟漂白或美白牙齿。将该结果与使用PearlTM牙齿美白系统且具有低于200微西门子/cm的电导性的可商购牙齿漂白凝胶的牙齿漂白程序进行视觉比较。相较于通过使用可商购的牙齿漂白凝胶由PearlTM系统持续5分钟进行的牙齿漂白，当前牙齿漂白凝胶被发现产生两个或三个另外白场色调。
通过由Control Company，Friendswood，TX 77546，USA，(www.control3.com)制造的数字电导仪模型Traceable 4063测量凝胶组合物电导性。通过包括铂电极和热敏电阻器的探针进行测量。
实施例2牙齿漂白凝胶
在实施例2中，使用以下成分并且根据以下程序来制备9％HP w/w牙齿漂白组合物：
将3.6g的硝酸钾与0.24g糖精、0.6g EDTA混合并且在室温下溶解于42ml的水中。将两或三滴的KOH添加至混合物。
混合器用于搅拌该混合物持续约5-10分钟。在开始搅拌时，将3克的添加至混合物。将混合物在200-250RPM的低速下搅拌。
在搅拌所述混合物约5-10分钟后，将40ml(32g)的甘油添加至该混合物并且在500-700RPM的速度下继续搅拌另外5-10分钟。
在此之后，将36ml的过氧化氢(30％溶液)添加至该混合物，并且将该混合物在500-700RPM的速度下搅拌另外5-10分钟。
将三(3)毫升的氢氧化钾50％w/w溶液添加至该混合物并且将该混合物在750-1000RPM的速度下继续搅拌另外五(5-10)分钟。
将0.2％w/w量的薄荷油添加至该混合物中，并且在1000RPM的速度下搅拌约一分钟。
将0.6g量的PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)添加至几乎准备好的组合物，并且在1000RPM的速度下搅拌另外10分钟。
该过程产生约120g的准备使用的凝胶组合物。所产生的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物是稳定的，并且能够抵靠人的牙齿将牙齿托盘粘附且保留在适当位置。牙齿漂白组合物具有250-500微西门子/cm的电导性。Syneron Medical Ltd.，PearlTM牙齿托盘用于测试实施例2的漂白凝胶组合物的漂白特性。施加约10毫安的电流持续5分钟漂白或美白牙齿。将该结果与使用PearlTM牙齿美白系统和当前凝胶以及具有低于200微西门子/cm的电导性的可商购牙齿漂白凝胶的牙齿漂白程序进行视觉比较。相较于通过使用具有可商购的牙齿漂白凝胶的PearlTM托盘持续5分钟进行的牙齿漂白，当前凝胶被发现由于可商购的牙齿漂白凝胶并且产生3或4个另外白场色调。
通过由Control Company，FriendsWood，TX 77546，USA，(www.control3.com)制造的数字电导仪模型Traceable 4063测量凝胶组合物电导性。通过包括铂电极和热敏电阻器的探针进行测量。
实施例3牙齿漂白凝胶
| 成分 | 浓度(％)w/w |
| 甘油/丙二醇 | 20-30 |
| 卡波姆940/卡波姆980 | 1-5 |
| 过氧化氢30％ | 25-35 |
| 去离子水 | 30-40 |
| 硝酸钾 | 2-3 |
| 氟化钠 | 0.1-1.0 |
| 氢氧化钾30％w/w | 2-3 |
| PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮) | 0.5-2.0 |
| EDTA(乙胺四乙酸二钠盐) | 0.1-1 |
| 糖精钠盐水合物 | 0.2 |
| 薄荷油 | 0.2 |
通过组合如在上表中所示的成分(按重量百分比计)来制备牙齿漂白组合物。
该程序产生约120g得准备使用的凝胶组合物。所产生的牙齿漂白组合物是稳定的，并且能够抵靠人的牙齿将牙齿托盘粘附且保留在适当位置。牙齿漂白组合物具有800-1000微西门子/cm的电导性。PearlTM牙齿托盘用于测试实施例3的漂白凝胶组合物的漂白特性。施加约10毫安的电流持续5分钟漂白或美白牙齿。将该结果与使用具有低于200微西门子/cm电导性的可商购牙齿漂白凝胶的PearlTM托盘的牙齿漂白程序进行视觉比较。使用本发明凝胶的牙齿漂白的结果被发现优于使用具有低电导性的可商购的牙齿漂白凝胶通过PearlTM系统持续5分钟进行的牙齿漂白。
通过由Control Company，FriendsWood，TX 77546，USA，(www.control3.com)制造的数字电导仪模型Traceable 4063测量凝胶组合物电导性。通过包括铂电极和热敏电阻器的探针进行测量。
实施例4比牙齿美白测试结果
为了比较电流辅助的牙齿美白方法功效与非电流辅助的牙齿美白方法，设置测试程序。该实验设置包括变色至不同色调水平的二十颗牙齿的实体模型。将该实体模型牙齿垂直于其长轴切割并分成总计四十颗实体模型牙齿。然后将所制备的标本分成两组：A组和B组，其中每组包括具有与第二组的色调相同的色调的二十颗牙齿。
将A组的二十颗牙齿使用本发明的导电美白凝胶进行处理。总计进行十次牙齿美白处理。各处理的持续时间是5分钟。所施加的电流是约10毫安。
将B组的二十颗牙齿使用可商购的牙齿美白凝胶进行处理而不施加电流。总计进行十次牙齿美白处理。各处理的持续时间是5分钟。
用由电流辅助的导电凝胶美白牙齿产生比使用可商购的凝胶而不施加电流35％更好的平均牙齿美白。通过可商购自MHT Optic Research AG，CH-8155NiederhasliSwitzerland的SpectroShade分光计测量牙齿色调。使用已确立和标准化的16色调标尺，VITA Classical shade guide(VidentTM，Brea，California USA)来评价牙齿颜色色调。在完成每个牙齿美白处理之后立即测量牙齿色调。
使用导电凝胶、施加约3-15毫安的电流使较大量的牙齿美白至最白的A1颜色。电流辅助的牙齿美白处理几乎比用使用可商购的凝胶且无电流的处理100％更有效。
相较于由可商购的牙齿美白凝胶且不施加电流处理的仅45％的牙齿，使用导电凝胶、施加电流使90％的牙齿漂白至最白的A1色调。
相较于由可商购的牙齿美白凝胶且不施加电流处理的64％的牙齿，在用导电美白凝胶和施加电流处理之后100％的具有基线色调A3的A组牙齿已变成具有A1色调的牙齿。
相较于由可商购的牙齿美白凝胶且不施加电流处理的50％的牙齿，在用导电美白凝胶和施加电流处理之后100％的A组牙齿已显示七个色调的美白。
相较于由可商购的牙齿美白凝胶且不施加电流处理的5％的牙齿，在用导电美白凝胶和施加电流处理之后25％的A组牙齿显示十个色调的美白。
B组牙齿(不施加电流)的美白的改进在累计处理时间约40分钟之后停止，而A组牙齿(施加电流)的牙齿美白结果的改进甚至在累计治疗时间50分钟后继续。
实施例5牙齿漂白凝胶
制备且测试了其他制剂，其中该漂白剂是过氧化脲。此外，不存在结合剂。
| 成分 | 浓度w/w(％) |
| 甘油/丙二醇 | 25-30 |
| 卡波姆 | 1-5 |
| 过氧化脲 | 25-35 |
| 去离子水 | 30-40 |
| 硝酸钾 | 2-3 |
| 氢氧化钾(于水中50％) | 2-3 |
| EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐) | 0.1-1 |
| 糖精钠盐水合物 | 0.2 |
| 薄荷油 | 0.2 |
如以上实施例4中测试该制剂。结果显示于下表中。使用过氧化脲的制剂在施加且用微电流活化时也是活性。此类制剂虽然不包含结合剂但也是稳定的，从而显示如在权利要求1中定义的必需成分足以制备稳定和活性的漂白凝胶。
使用当前凝胶和3-15毫安的电流的牙齿漂白结果
| 牙齿数目 | 基线色调 | 牙齿色调变化 |
| T2 | A3 | 7 |
| T4 | A3 | 7 |
| T6 | A3.5 | 10 |
| T8 | A3 | 7 |
| T10 | A3 | 7 |
| T12 | A3 | 7 |
| T14 | C4 | 7 |
| T16 | D3 | 8 |
| T18 | A3 | 7 |
| T20 | A3.5 | 10 |
| T22 | A3 | 7 |
| T24 | C4 | 11 |
| T26 | A3 | 7 |
| T28 | A3.5 | 10 |
| T30 | A3 | 7 |
| T32 | A3 | 7 |
| T34 | A3.5 | 10 |
| T36 | A3 | 7 |
| T38 | A3 | 7 |
| T40 | A3 | 7 |
| 平均值 | 7.85 |
使用可商购的凝胶而无电流施加的牙齿漂白结果
Claims (13)
1.一种牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其包含：
过氧化物或过氧化物释放化合物，其选自过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠，其中所述过氧化物或过氧化物释放化合物以1％w/w至35％w/w的量存在；
交联聚丙烯酸酯聚合物，其以1％w/w至5％w/w的量存在；
水性媒介物，其包含甘油和水，其中甘油的量是20％w/w至30％w/w，并且其中水的量是25％w/w至50％w/w；
至少一种增强电导性的成分，其包含至少一种碱金属氢氧化物，所述碱金属氢氧化物的量是1％w/w至5％w/w；
其中所述凝胶的所述电导性是至少250微西门子/cm；并且
其中所述牙齿漂白凝胶不包含碱金属硝酸盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述碱金属氢氧化物的量是使得所述凝胶pH被调整至5-7。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述碱金属氢氧化物是氢氧化钾。
4.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述牙齿漂白凝胶另外包含0.1％w/w至1.0％w/w的量的氟化物。
5.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述碱金属氢氧化物的量是0.5％w/w至3.0％w/w。
6.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述牙齿漂白凝胶另外包含聚合物粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述聚合物粘合剂是0.5％w/w至2.0％w/w的量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
8.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述牙齿漂白凝胶另外包含络合剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述络合剂是0.1％w/w至2.0％w/w的量的乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐。
10.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述牙齿漂白凝胶另外包含0.1％w/w至0.5％w/w的量的调味成分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的牙齿漂白凝胶组合物，其中所述调味成分是由以下组成的组中的至少一种：糖精钠盐水合物和薄荷油以及它们两者的混合物。
12.一种牙齿漂白方法，其包括：
向待漂白的牙齿施加具有高于250微西门子/cm电导性的根据权利要求1所述的凝胶的层；
向由具有高于250微西门子/cm电导性的凝胶的层覆盖的所述牙齿施加至少1毫安的电流；以及
漂白牙齿。
13.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的牙齿漂白凝胶的用途，所述牙齿漂白凝胶用于通过将所述凝胶施加至所述牙齿并且施加至少1毫安的微电流来漂白牙齿。
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| US5624906A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1997-04-29 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Oral hygiene compositions comprising heteroatom containing alkyl aldonamide compounds |
| US5785527A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-28 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Stable light or heat activated dental bleaching compositions |
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| US6306370B1 (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 2001-10-23 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Compositions and methods for whitening and desensitizing teeth |
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