CN105865633A - Floating tracking temperature measurement method adopting heat conduction and radiation - Google Patents

Floating tracking temperature measurement method adopting heat conduction and radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105865633A
CN105865633A CN201610338597.XA CN201610338597A CN105865633A CN 105865633 A CN105865633 A CN 105865633A CN 201610338597 A CN201610338597 A CN 201610338597A CN 105865633 A CN105865633 A CN 105865633A
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radiation
temperature
alloy bar
radiant intensity
heat
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田乃良
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0037Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids
    • G01J5/004Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids by molten metals

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a floating tracking temperature measurement method adopting heat conduction and radiation. According to the method, an alloy bar which resists impact of high temperature above 2000 DEG C and has heat conduction is inserted into the lower part of a tested converter, one end of the alloy bar is inserted into molten steel, and the other end of the alloy bar is exposed in air; the difference between the temperature of the end, inserted into the molten steel, of the alloy bar and the temperature of the end, exposed in the air, of the alloy bar is lower than 500 DEG C; a radiation measurement device is used for measuring first radiation strength and second radiation strength of the end, exposed in the air, of the alloy bar; the first radiation strength and the second radiation strength are substituted into a formula psi(t,lambda)=a*lambda <-5>*(e<b/t*lambda>-1)<-1>, and a binary linear equation is obtained; the binary linear equation is solved, and values of radiation coefficients a and b are acquired; the values of the radiation coefficients a and b are substituted into the formula, and the temperatures corresponding to different radiation strength values are solved. The temperature of the molten steel in the sealed and high-temperature converter can be accurately measured timely, the measurement accuracy can reach +/-1 DEG C, and the measurement range is 600-3,500 DEG C.

Description

A kind of floating tracking and temperature testing method of conduction of heat and radiation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of temp measuring method.Particularly relate to a kind of floating tracking and temperature testing method of conduction of heat and radiation.
Background technology
In steel smelting procedure, the accurate temperature of molten steel can be measured in good time.For automatically controlling smelting process, reduce oxygen Over-blowing, and then reduce the discharge of carbon dioxide, reduce production cost and improve product quality, be all very important.The most universal The thermometric mode inserting thermocouple used, has applied decades, has not the most also had any method to replace.
The temp measuring method of thermocouple, is the temperature that once can only measure a time point, it is impossible to measure the temperature in smelting process continuously Degree change.Automatically controlling of smelting process cannot be realized.Additionally use thermocouple measurement, owing to liquid steel temperature is higher, during thermometric Thermocouple may be melted, and easily causes the pollution of molten steel.Often refining one heat steel is required for repeated measurement liquid steel temperature, also expends a large amount of Thermocouple.
Existing infrared measurement of temperature method, although there is noncontact, response speed is fast, temperature-measuring range width, can display in good time etc. excellent Point.But existing infrared measurement of temperature method, is all based on, on Planck (planck) formula of black body radiation, i.e. measured object being seen Become black matrix, first its radiant intensity is measured, then carry out the correction of radiance.The physical model of ideal black-body can use Pu Lang Gram (Planck) formula describes:
W ( &lambda; , t ) = c 1 &lambda; - 5 ( e c 2 / &lambda; t - 1 ) - 1
(λ, t) is blackbody radiation spectrum power density, and unit is watt centimetre for W in formula2Micron-1, λ is the wavelength of spectral radiance, Unit is micron.T is blackbody temperature, and unit is K.C1For first radiation constant, C1=3.7415 × 10-12Watt centimetre2。C2 For second radiation constant C2=1.4388 centimetres of K.This is the heat radiation formula of black matrix.In esse testee, its radiation Rate is all the composition with testee, temperature, wavelength and the complicated function that changes, does not has accurate Analytical Expression formula, is difficult to Revise accurately.Therefore temperature measurement accuracy can only achieve the 1% of liquid steel temperature, this temperature measurement error of tens degree, it is impossible to meet smelting iron and steel The requirements for automatic control of process.The difference of testee and black matrix is the radiance radiance less than black matrix of testee.Tested Thing is the most all heat radiator, and it also observes heat radiation rule.But planck formula has been not particularly suited for conduction and two processes of radiation Testee.
Converter that at present iron and steel enterprise smelts, in smelting process, body of heater is completely enclosed, does not has any to be available for infrared survey Window.Steel can produce slag in smelting process, and its proportion is more much smaller than molten steel.Slag is by carbon, calcium, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus Constituting Deng element, float over above molten steel, the thickness of slag is typically at 20 centimetres to 40 centimetres, and its temperature is lower 150 DEG C than molten steel To about 250 DEG C.This is the biggest obstacle of molten steel infrared measurement of temperature.It addition, in smelting process oxygen blast produce flame, smog and Dust etc., also can the severe jamming measurement of infra-red radiation.
Therefore, can be at the scene under mal-condition and environment in the urgent need to one, it is possible in closed furnace body, fire resistant, flue dust, Electromagnetism interference, a kind of new temp measuring method that temperature measurement accuracy is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of molten steel that can be internal to the high-temperature furnace body closed, carry out accurate The conduction of heat of in good time thermometric and the floating tracking and temperature testing method of radiation.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of floating tracking and temperature testing method of conduction of heat and radiation, comprises the steps:
1) by resistance to 2000 DEG C of high temperature above impact, the alloy bar with heat-conductive characteristic inserts the bottom of tested converter, described conjunction One end of gold rod is immersed in molten steel, and the other end is exposed in air and constitutes the radiation source followed the tracks of that floats;
2) alloy bar is made to immerse the temperature of molten steel one end and be exposed within the temperature difference of one end is maintained at 500 DEG C in air;
3) use radiation measurement assembly to record alloy bar respectively and be exposed to first radiant intensity Ψ of one end in air1(t1, λ1) and the Two radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2), wherein, Ψ1(t1, λ1) be temperature be t1Corresponding wavelength λ1Time testee the first radiant intensity, Ψ2(t2, λ2) be temperature be t2Corresponding wavelength λ2Time the second radiant intensity of being measured;
4) by the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2) substitute into formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1 In, obtain linear equation in two unknowns:
Ψ1(t1, λ1)=a λ1 -5(eb/tλ1-1)-1
Ψ2(t2, λ2)=a λ2 -5(eb/tλ2-1)-1
In formula, t is the temperature of molten steel, and a, b are radiation coefficient, and the unit of a is watt centimetre2, the unit of b is a centimetre K, and K is Absolute scale;
5) solution procedure 4) in linear equation in two unknowns obtain the value of radiation coefficient a and b;
6) value of radiation coefficient a and b is substituted into formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1In, obtain corresponding to different radiant intensity Temperature.
Step 1) described in alloy bar use there is the tungsten of acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, molybdenum, Copper alloy bar.
The outside of described alloy bar is enclosed with successively for reducing the heat insulation layer of thermal losses in conductive process, and is used for realizing heat The matched expansion coefficient of the protective layer of the dynamic process of conduction and radiation, described protective layer and furnace lining.
Step 3) in, when described radiation measurement assembly is Single wavelength radiation measurement assembly, the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) With the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1≠t2, and λ12;When described radiation measurement assembly is that dual wavelength radiation measures dress When putting, the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1=t2, and λ1≠λ2
A kind of conduction of heat of the present invention and the floating tracking and temperature testing method of radiation, it is possible to the molten steel within the high-temperature furnace body closed, Carrying out accurate thermometric in good time, certainty of measurement is up to ± 1 DEG C of degree, and the scope of measurement can be from 600 DEG C--3500 DEG C, keep excellent.For a long time Stability can realize the various requirement automatically controlling smelting process.The method of the present invention, distance coefficient is very big, up to 1/ 1000.(D/S=1:1000) automatically controlling of smelting process can be realized.The method of the present invention also have be resistant to especially flame, smog, Electromagnetism etc. disturb, and the cover layer having slag can be realized accurate thermometric.The present invention is applicable to the in good time thermometric of convertor steelmaking process. It is also applied for the in good time thermometric of molten steel tundish, applies also for High-temp. kiln, the in good time thermometric of tunnel cave.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the inventive method used tungsten, molybdenum, the structural representation of Copper alloy bar;
Fig. 2 is that the method using the present invention carries out the conduction of heat of pneumatic steelmaking and the structural representation of the floating tracking and temperature testing of radiation;
Fig. 3 is that temperature survey schematic diagram is followed the tracks of in the floating using the inventive method to carry out conduction of heat and radiation;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus that the inventive method is used.
In figure
1: alloy bar 2: protective layer
3: insulating barrier 4: top blow oxygen lance
5: furnace shell 6: furnace lining
7: gudgeon 8: molten steel
9: dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus 10: computer
11: receive and radiate object lens 12: long wave 1.15 μm reflection filter
13: the first silicon photo-detectors 14: shortwave 0.88 μm reflection filter
15: the second silicon photo-detectors 16: aim at eyepiece
17: infra-red radiation light
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, a kind of conduction of heat of the present invention and the floating tracking and temperature testing method of radiation are made specifically Bright.
A kind of conduction of heat of the present invention and the floating tracking and temperature testing method of radiation, including the heat conduction portion of alloy bar and floating of radiation Motion tracking part, according to alloy bar two ends temperature difference, will adjust the floating tracking and temperature testing scope of radiation.Specifically include following steps:
1) by resistance to 2000 DEG C of high temperature above impact, the alloy bar with heat-conductive characteristic inserts the bottom of tested converter, described conjunction One end of gold rod is immersed in molten steel, and the other end is exposed in air, and alloy bar is exposed to the one end in air, has both played liquid steel temperature The effect of conduction, constitutes again the radiation source followed the tracks of that floats;
Described alloy bar uses has the tungsten of acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, molybdenum, Copper alloy bar;As it is shown in figure 1, described alloy bar Outside is enclosed with successively for reducing the heat insulation layer of thermal losses in conductive process, and for realizing the dynamic mistake of conduction of heat and radiation The matched expansion coefficient of the protective layer of journey, described protective layer and furnace lining.Described alloy bar can be horizontally inserted under tested converter Portion, it is possible to oblique cutting enters the bottom of tested converter, but must assure that alloy bar is coaxial with the measurement head of radiation measurement assembly.
As by diameter 2.5 centimetres, the tungsten of length 100 centimetres, molybdenum, Copper alloy bar insert the bottom of converter, and one end is immersed in tested In molten steel, the other end exposes in atmosphere.
2) make alloy bar immerse the temperature of molten steel one end and be exposed within the temperature difference of one end is maintained at 500 DEG C in air, make There is sufficiently fast heat transfer process at two ends;
3) use radiation measurement assembly, record alloy bar respectively and be exposed to first radiant intensity Ψ of one end in air1(t1, λ1) and Second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2), wherein, Ψ1(t1, λ1) be temperature be t1Corresponding wavelength λ1Time testee the first radiant intensity, Ψ2(t2, λ2) be temperature be t2Corresponding wavelength λ2Time the second radiant intensity of being measured;
The present invention can use Single wavelength radiation measurement assembly measure, it would however also be possible to employ dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus is carried out Measure.Described Single wavelength radiation measurement assembly can be Beijing epoch Jia Xiang Science and Technology Ltd. produce PT300/300B type just Take formula temperature measurer, or the GS-SR type fixed infrared temperature detector that Xi'an light sage energy sensor-based system company limited produces, or The CIT type double color infrared temperature measuring instrument that Wuxi time Long Xing industry control Instrument Ltd. produces.
Heretofore described dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus is to use dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus as shown in Figure 4, includes: Reception radiation object lens 11, long wave 1.15 μm reflection filter 12, shortwave 0.88 μm being successively set on infra-red radiation light 17 Reflection filter 14 and aiming eyepiece 16, wherein, the reflection light of described long wave 1.15 μm reflection filter 12 is provided with First silicon photo-detector 13, the reflection light of described shortwave 0.88 μm reflection filter 14 is provided with the second silicon photo-detector 15.
When described radiation measurement assembly is Single wavelength radiation measurement assembly, the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiation is by force Degree Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1≠t2, and λ12;When described radiation measurement assembly is dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus, the first spoke Penetrate intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1=t2, and λ1≠λ2
4) by the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2) substitute into the radiant intensity and liquid steel temperature conducted Between corresponding relation formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1In, obtain linear equation in two unknowns:
Ψ1(t1, λ1)=a λ1 -5(eb/tλ1-1)-1
Ψ2(t2, λ2)=a λ2 -5(eb/tλ2-1)-1
In formula, t is the temperature of molten steel, and a, b are radiation coefficient, and the unit of a is watt centimetre2, for a centimetre K, (K claims the unit of b For absolute scale.In various infrared measurement of temperature formula, all use absolute scale, unit also degree of being.During K=0, Celsius temperature is 273 DEG C.)
5) solution procedure 4) in linear equation in two unknowns obtain the value of radiation coefficient a and b;
6) value of radiation coefficient a and b is substituted into formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1In, obtain corresponding to different radiant intensity Temperature.
A kind of conduction of heat of the present invention and the floating tracking and temperature testing method of radiation, according to the general formula of radiation temperature measurement:
Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1
When temperature be t be 1500 DEG C--when 1800 DEG C, utilize dual wavelength infrared temperature measurement apparatus, micro-to 1.15 wavelength 0.75 micron Meter Shi, accurately measures radiant intensity Ψ of measured object1(t, λ1) and Ψ2(t, λ2).Here Ψ1(t, λ1) it is corresponding wavelength λ1Time tested The radiant intensity of object, Ψ2(t, λ2) it is corresponding wavelength λ2Time testee radiant intensity, for absolute temperature.It is updated to respectively Ψ1(t, λ1)=a λ1 -5(eb/tλ1-1)-1And Ψ2(t, λ2)=a λ2 -5(eb/tλ2-1)-1Formula in, and solve the value of coefficient a and b.Will The value of radiation coefficient a, b, is updated to the general formula of the radiation temperature measurement of the present invention: Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1In, so that it may To obtain the corresponding relation between the radiant intensity of testee and the temperature of testee.
Fig. 3 is to use the method for the present invention to measure the schematic diagram that liquid steel temperature obtains in stove, as can be seen from Figure 3 molten steel temperature in good time The certainty of measurement of degree is at ± 1 DEG C of degree, and the scope of measurement can be from 800 DEG C--2500 DEG C, measure the time smelting situation according to each stove, also All some small changes.

Claims (4)

1. the floating tracking and temperature testing method of a conduction of heat and radiation, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) by resistance to 2000 DEG C of high temperature above impact, the alloy bar with heat-conductive characteristic inserts the bottom of tested converter, described conjunction One end of gold rod is immersed in molten steel, and the other end is exposed in air and constitutes the radiation source followed the tracks of that floats;
2) alloy bar is made to immerse the temperature of molten steel one end and be exposed within the temperature difference of one end is maintained at 500 DEG C in air;
3) use radiation measurement assembly to record alloy bar respectively and be exposed to first radiant intensity Ψ of one end in air1(t1, λ1) and the Two radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2), wherein, Ψ1(t1, λ1) be temperature be t1Corresponding wavelength λ1Time testee the first radiant intensity, Ψ2(t2, λ2) be temperature be t2Corresponding wavelength λ2Time the second radiant intensity of being measured;
4) by the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2) substitute into formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1 In, obtain linear equation in two unknowns:
Ψ1(t1, λ1)=a λ1 -5(eb/tλ1-1)-1
Ψ2(t2, λ2)=a λ2 -5(eb/tλ2-1)-1
In formula, t is the temperature of molten steel, and a, b are radiation coefficient, and the unit of a is watt centimetre2, the unit of b is a centimetre K, and K is Absolute scale;
5) solution procedure 4) in linear equation in two unknowns obtain the value of radiation coefficient a and b;
6) value of radiation coefficient a and b is substituted into formula Ψ (t, λ)=a λ-5(eb/tλ-1)-1In, obtain corresponding to different radiant intensity Temperature.
The floating tracking and temperature testing method of a kind of conduction of heat the most according to claim 1 and radiation, it is characterised in that step 1) Described alloy bar uses has the tungsten of acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, molybdenum, Copper alloy bar.
The floating tracking and temperature testing method of a kind of conduction of heat the most according to claim 1 and radiation, it is characterised in that described The outside of alloy bar be enclosed with successively for reducing the heat insulation layer of thermal losses in conductive process, and be used for realizing conduction of heat and spoke The matched expansion coefficient of the protective layer of the dynamic process penetrated, described protective layer and furnace lining.
The floating tracking and temperature testing method of a kind of conduction of heat the most according to claim 1 and radiation, it is characterised in that step 3) In, when described radiation measurement assembly is Single wavelength radiation measurement assembly, the first radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiation Intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1≠t2, and λ12;When described radiation measurement assembly is dual wavelength radiation measurement apparatus, first Radiant intensity Ψ1(t1, λ1) and the second radiant intensity Ψ2(t2, λ2In): t1=t2, and λ1≠λ2
CN201610338597.XA 2016-05-19 2016-05-19 Floating tracking temperature measurement method adopting heat conduction and radiation Pending CN105865633A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11142246A (en) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-28 Nippon Steel Corp Temperature measuring apparatus for molten metal
JP2000241254A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-08 Horiba Ltd Molten metal temperature measuring instrument for steel by continuous casting method
CN1527932A (en) * 2001-07-27 2004-09-08 新日本制铁株式会社 Molten metal temperature measuring instrument and method
CN101071079A (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-14 重庆合创光电技术开发有限公司 Novel molten steel temperature continuous measuring method and temperature-measuring tube
US20090074028A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-03-19 Torsten Lamp Converter with a Container for Receiving Molten Metal and with a Measurement Device for the Optical Temperature Determination of the Molten Metal and Method for the Temperature Determination in such a Converter
CN102620833A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-01 田乃良 Infrared temperature measurement method and infrared temperature measurement system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11142246A (en) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-28 Nippon Steel Corp Temperature measuring apparatus for molten metal
JP2000241254A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-08 Horiba Ltd Molten metal temperature measuring instrument for steel by continuous casting method
CN1527932A (en) * 2001-07-27 2004-09-08 新日本制铁株式会社 Molten metal temperature measuring instrument and method
US20090074028A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-03-19 Torsten Lamp Converter with a Container for Receiving Molten Metal and with a Measurement Device for the Optical Temperature Determination of the Molten Metal and Method for the Temperature Determination in such a Converter
CN101071079A (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-14 重庆合创光电技术开发有限公司 Novel molten steel temperature continuous measuring method and temperature-measuring tube
CN102620833A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-01 田乃良 Infrared temperature measurement method and infrared temperature measurement system

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