CN105861113A - 一种润滑油抗乳化剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C08G65/2615—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen the other compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester or anhydride groups
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种润滑油抗乳化剂及其制备方法和应用，选用偏苯三酸酐、环氧氯丙烷、DFI(2,2‑二氟‑1,3‑二甲基咪唑啉酮)为原料，制备一种含氟基团的聚醚润滑油抗乳化剂。本发明提供的抗乳化剂用于油膜轴承油中能够明显改善润滑油品的抗乳化性能，克服目前常规抗乳化剂用量大、与其它润滑油添加剂组分配伍性差的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑油抗乳化剂及其制备方法，更具体地说涉及一种将憎水-憎油的含氟基团引入超支化聚合物分子上而制备的抗乳化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
汽轮机油、液压油、齿轮油、油膜轴承油、透平油、船用系统用油在使用过程中容易发生乳化现象。如果油水不能及时分离，会影响润滑油品的润滑状态，对油膜的形成产生影响，从而造成机械的腐蚀和磨损。润滑油品的抗乳化能力很大程度上取决于添加剂中抗乳化剂的性能。当水分进入润滑油品后，抗乳化剂能够很快改变油/水界面张力，加速水滴聚并速率，实现油水分离，最终使得润滑油品的抗乳化性能提高。
油膜轴承亦称液体摩擦轴承，它是滑动轴承的一种，是各主要零件的加工精度、表面粗糙度以及各种相关参数 （ 包括润滑油及载荷等）的匹配都非常理想的滑动轴承。工作时在轴与轴承的工作区域形成一个完整的压力油膜，使金属脱离接触，形成纯液体摩擦。由于油膜轴承具备承载能力大，使用寿命长抗冲击能力强等特点，被广泛应用于冶金、玻璃、喷漆设备等机械设备，是现代化轧机关键核心部件之一。油膜轴承多数与水直接接触的苛刻工况条件下，因此对油膜轴承油在分水性能提出了苛刻的要求。
目前国内的抗乳化剂主要采用聚环氧乙烷含氮衍生物或改进型聚醚高分子化合物，如T1001和DL-32等。而目前所使用的抗乳化剂逐渐不能满足日益严格的抗乳化性能的要求，开发配伍性强、适用范围广的抗乳化剂成为研究热点。但含氟超支化聚醚抗乳化剂至今尚未报到。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于润滑油的抗乳化剂组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物是由以偏苯三酸酐、环氧氯丙烷、DFI(2,2-二氟-1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮)为原料，制备的含氟聚醚组成，所说的含氟聚醚由(1)与(2)制备所得：
（1）大分子聚合物的合成：使用N,N-二甲基酰胺在90℃下溶解偏苯三酸酐，加入环氧氯丙烷，其中偏苯三酸酐与环氧氯丙烷质量比为1:1~3，以四乙基溴化铵为催化剂，反应得大分子聚合物；
（2）抗乳化剂的合成：按照大分子聚合物与溶剂质量比为1:4~8加入到反应容器中；按照大分子聚合物与DFI的质量比为1:0.5~2，量取DFI，将其与溶剂按照质量比1:4~8配制成溶液，加入反应容器中，反应温度-5~25℃，反应时间4~6小时；然后加入与DFI等摩尔数的去离子水，反应1小时，脱除溶剂得含氟聚醚。
其中所得含氟聚醚分子量在1000-4000范围内，所述溶剂为吡啶。
本发明提供一种提高润滑油抗乳化性能的方法，包括：在润滑油中加入本发明的抗乳化剂组合物，以润滑油的质量为基准，抗乳化剂组合物的质量百分数为0.001~1%。
所说的润滑油选自API基础油分类中的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类油中的一种或几种。特别适合深度精制的矿物油或加氢精制的矿物油，例如深度精制的矿物油或加氢精制的HVI 150SN、150N、300N和500N中的一种或多种。其中的添加剂选自抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂中的一种或几种。。
本发明提供一种抗乳化油膜轴承油组合物，包括：(1)油膜轴承油；(2)本发明所述的抗乳化剂组合物，以油膜轴承油的质量为基准，抗乳化剂组合物的质量百分数为0.001~1%。
所述的油膜轴承油包括基础油和添加剂，其中的基础油为中粘度指数深精制的基础油，或高粘度指数深精制的基础油如加氢油，或很高粘度指数深精制的基础油如合成油，或它们任意组合的混合物。所述的润滑油中还加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂。
本发明将憎油-憎水的含氟基团引入超支化聚合物分子上而制备的抗乳化剂，能够明显改善润滑油品的抗乳化性能，克服目前常规抗乳化剂用量大、与其它润滑油添加剂组分配伍性差的缺点。
具体实施方法
通过以下实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1~6制备了本发明的抗乳化剂组合物并测定其主要性能。
表1。
实施例7。
选用选用加氢油HVIS400与MVI90BS以10:1的混合物作为基础油，分别加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂，配制成的油膜轴承油，分别加入实施案例1~6制备的本发明抗乳化剂，使用GB/T7305试验方法评定，试验温度在54℃，40ml油与40ml水搅拌混合，记录乳化层减少至3ml(记为40-37-3)ml的时间，以min表示，分水时间越短效果越好，结果见表2。
表2。
实施例8。
选用选用加氢油HVIS500作为基础油，分别加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂，配制成的油膜轴承油，分别加入实施案例1~6制备的本发明抗乳化剂，使用GB/T7305试验方法评定，试验温度在54℃，40ml油与40ml水搅拌混合，记录乳化层减少至3ml(记为40-37-3)ml的时间，以min表示，分水时间越短效果越好，结果见表3。
表3。
实施例9。
选用选用聚α烯烃合成油与MVI400以4:1混合物作为基础油，分别加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂，配制成的油膜轴承油，分别加入实施案例1~6制备的本发明抗乳化剂，使用GB/T7305试验方法评定，试验温度在54℃，40ml油与40ml水搅拌混合，记录乳化层减少至3ml(记为40-37-3)ml的时间，以min表示，分水时间越短效果越好，结果见表4。
表4。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于润滑油的抗乳化剂组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物是由以偏苯三酸酐、环氧氯丙烷、DFI(2,2-二氟-1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮)为原料，制备的含氟聚醚组成，所说的含氟聚醚由(1)与(2)制备所得：
(1)大分子聚合物的合成：使用N,N-二甲基酰胺在90℃下溶解偏苯三酸酐，加入与环氧氯丙烷，其中偏苯三酸酐与环氧氯丙烷质量比为1:1~3，以四乙基溴化铵为催化剂，反应得大分子聚合物；
(2)抗乳化剂的合成：按照大分子聚合物与溶剂质量比为1:4~8加入到反应容器中；按照大分子聚合物与DFI的质量比为1:0.5~2，量取DFI，将其与溶剂按照质量比1:4~8配制成溶液，加入反应容器中，反应温度-5~25℃，反应时间4~6小时；然后加入与DFI等摩尔数的去离子水，，反应1小时，脱除溶剂得含氟聚醚；其中所得含氟聚醚分子量在1000-4000范围内，所述溶剂为吡啶。
2.一种提高润滑油抗乳化性能的方法，包括：在润滑油中加入权利要求1所述的抗乳化剂组合物，以润滑油的质量为基准，抗乳化剂组合物的质量百分数为0.001~1%。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所说的润滑油选自API基础油分类中的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类油中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的润滑油中还加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂。
5.一种抗乳化油膜轴承油组合物，包括：(1)油膜轴承油；(2)权利要求1所述的抗乳化剂组合物，以油膜轴承油的质量为基准，抗乳化剂组合物的质量百分数为0.001~1%。
6.如权利要求5所述的抗乳化油膜轴承油组合物，其特征在于，抗乳化剂组合物的质量分数为0.001~0.1%。
7.如权利要求5所述的抗乳化油膜轴承油组合物，其特征在于，所述的油膜轴承油包括基础油和添加剂，其中的基础油为中粘度指数深精制的基础油，或高粘度指数深精制的基础油如加氢油，或很高粘度指数深精制的基础油如合成油，或它们任意组合的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的抗乳化油膜轴承油组合物，其特征在于，其中的添加剂选自抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂、消泡剂和/或金属减活剂中的一种或几种。
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