CN105852151B - The walnut shell-breaking device and its application method of automatic transport positioning - Google Patents
The walnut shell-breaking device and its application method of automatic transport positioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN105852151B CN105852151B CN201610225509.5A CN201610225509A CN105852151B CN 105852151 B CN105852151 B CN 105852151B CN 201610225509 A CN201610225509 A CN 201610225509A CN 105852151 B CN105852151 B CN 105852151B
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- walnut
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- sliding block
- breaking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/02—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors
- B65G47/16—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding materials in bulk
- B65G47/18—Arrangements or applications of hoppers or chutes
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the walnut shell-breaking device and its application method of automatic transport positioning, including at least one walnut fixed mechanism located at frame and at least two trip rods, the top of walnut fixed mechanism is provided with walnut feeding hopper, walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with walnut positioning hole, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block for covering walnut positioning hole is respectively provided with the both sides of walnut positioning hole, the side wall of walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with least two perforates communicated with walnut positioning hole, more trip rods hit the walnut being arranged in walnut positioning hole under the drive of travel mechanism through perforate corresponding with every trip rod；Present invention employs agitating device to carry out feeding, delicate structure, efficiency high and fault rate is extremely low.Feeding hopper discharging hole shape, the through hole in positioning conveyer structure of the present invention uses walnut localized cross-sectional shape, walnut is set to ensure that the result of positioning is stablized in a series of dropping process constant, walnut posture controllable precise, realize the automating of walnut feeding, controllableization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural product processing machinery technology field, more particularly to the walnut shell-breaking device of automatic transport positioning
And its application method.
Background technology
Walnut is rich in abundant nutriment, has unique taste, is increasingly pursued and like by people, thus
The increasing degree of its output is increasing.Walnut kernel has certain medical value, can therefrom extract polyphenoils, uses
In medical research.Walnut can be made each by can directly be eaten after simple process after being processed by different process
The food and health products of kind various kinds.Edible vegetable oil industry is using walnut as indispensable raw material, and walnut kernel is at
Reason can obtain walnut oil, and can carry out deep processing by walnut oil obtains byproduct, such as ready-mixed oil, salad oil.Walnut removes
It can be used as outside edible oil raw material, also act as the raw material of industry.Byproduct of the walnut after processing, such as walnut shell and
Walnut grouts etc. can comprehensively utilize again, lifting value, increase economic efficiency.
Walnut Resources in China is enriched, and cultivated area is big, and yield is high, is only second to the U.S., but Walnut Industry is still in primary rank
Section, the deep processing of walnut, the Exploitation degree of walnut product are also far from enough.So far, it is domestic also without the core for being adapted to market demands
Peach shell-cracking kernel-taking equipment, walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking, which depends on greatly, to be accomplished manually.Artificial walnut, percentage of damage is high, wastes big, work
Intensity is high, sanitary condition is poor, crudy is poor, does not reach the sanitary standard of outbound.In addition, walnut internal structure is complicated, shape
Different, shell benevolence gap is smaller, and the kernel breakage that artificial walnut shell-breaking obtains is larger, greatly reduces the market price of walnut.
Mechanization walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking can not only make walnut raw material appreciate, and also have important meaning in terms of walnut kernel deep processing, at present
Orientation problem in the walnut shell-breaking equipment feeding procedure of in the market is a great problem during walnut production, existing several
Walnut material delivery method has the methods of roller feeding, rotating disk feeding, vibrating disk feeding.
Through retrieval, current domestic and international more advanced walnut feeding mechanism has following several：
A kind of Multi-station pneumatic impact type walnut shell breaker, the broken shell principle of the device are as follows：By impact cylinder supports method
Blue, impact cylinder, striking head and anvil film composition beating unit；Beating unit air inlet pipe, beating unit control valve and beating unit
Walnut impact system is formed, controller, sensor, clamping device control valve and beating unit control valve group are into control device.
Sensor provides for beating unit impacts signal, the striking head impact anvil film in beating unit, and walnut is real by the impact of anvil film
Existing broken shell, the Multi-station pneumatic impact type walnut shell breaker improve operating efficiency, it is ensured that shell-breaking efficiency, realize rejuvenator
Tool, manpower and materials are saved, improve sanitary condition, eliminate the pollution to kernel in operation process, but pass through impact
The impulsive force of device carries out the complete separation that broken shell cannot ensure shell benevolence, and the integrality of walnut kernel also cannot be guaranteed, unfavorable
In the deep processing of walnut.
Conic basket type shell-breaking machine of walnut hulling machine.The operation principle of the device：Hulling machine is by outer broken shell body and interior broken
Housing forms, and mainly realizes broken shell using friction and Extrusion principle.Outer broken shell body, which is provided with, falls from power, and many is additionally provided with inside and outside broken shell body
The projection of inclined stripe shape, and pass through special processing, the roughness that broken shell body contacts with walnut is increased with this, walnut is through pan feeding
The broken shell chamber that mouth enters between outer broken shell body and interior broken shell body, makees spinning motion with the rotation of interior broken shell body, and at most narrow place
Thrown away after broken shell through discharging opening.Slack adjuster is made up of worm and gear, graduated scale, regulation handle, rotates regulation handle control
Gap and angle between broken shell chamber processed.Make the minimum widith small fish shell diameter of top clearance, and close to walnut kernel most
Big external diameter.The walnut being in various forms is adapted to, shell-breaking rate is higher, but relies on the principle for rolling broken shell effectively to control walnut shell
Uniform stressed, easily make walnut into comminution.
A kind of centrifugal walnut shell breaking machine.The device is a kind of centrifugal walnut shell-breaking driven by motor and belt pulley
Machine, pass through the rotating speed that motor inverter changes movable cutter set, it is possible to achieve variety classes, different broken shells need (broken shell, secondary
Broken shell) walnut shell-breaking.After movable cutter set of the walnut by high speed rotation is thrown away, impinge upon on guide plate, broken shell is realized through collision.
Minimum range between movable cutter set and guide plate ensures that between 70~100 millimeters such design had both improved broken shell effect,
It in turn ensure that shell benevolence of the walnut after broken shell can smoothly leave broken shell area.Weld the guide plate in side wall and axial direction inside the housing
In 25~40 degree of angles, it ensure that walnut and guide plate have suitable impact, but the controllability of walnut shell-breaking is not high, rounds benevolence
Rate is not high, does not meet the requirement in market, and the practical application in terms of walnut processing is not high.
Varied clearance Multi-roller extruding formula shell-breaking machine of walnut, by main broken shell roller with auxiliary broken shell roller group into presentation it is descending
Discontinuity multistation extrusion cracking workspace so that the degree that walnut is extruded gradually is deepened, and improves high kernel rate, and auxiliary is broken
Shell roller can be adjusted with main broken shell roller radial distance, be adapted to kind walnut not of uniform size, but working procedure is complex,
Controllability is not high, and actual application is not strong.
Walnut shell-breaking device patent.The hulling machine operation principle is as follows：After walnut is fed by spout, filled by material toggling
The single feeding for realizing walnut is put, after sheave feed mechanism is rotated by 90 °, walnut enters vertical channel, eventually falls in horizontal logical
Road, under the cooperation of mechanism, walnut is delivered to fixed position by toggle, and core is realized by concave surface salient point pressure head hulling machine
The broken shell of peach.Noise is low when the advantages of device is work, but can not realize multiple walnuts while carry out broken shell, and efficiency is low
Under, the Randomness of position of pressure head impact walnut is high, to the destructive larger of walnut shell, it is impossible to ensure the integrality of walnut kernel.
Shell-breaking machine of walnut, after the device realizes broken shell by adjusting separation of hull from kernel gap, shell benevolence mixed material is collected body and fallen
Enter hammer systems, constantly tapped, collide by the spiral spike-tooth around central axis during whereabouts, final combining separation of hull from kernel is opened
Come, but spiral spike-tooth is hard material, hammering easily beats complete walnut shell and meat originally broken.Need constantly to tap collision kernel
Peach shell benevolence, greatly reduces walnut kernel percentage of head rice, kernel percent, therefore the patent broken shell rounds that benevolence performance indications are low, and effect is paid no attention to
Think, do not meet the requirement of mechanization production.
In addition with some other disk hulling machine, flat board extrusion cracking device, the roller hulling machine of arc plate one, machinery
Impact hulling machine and collision shell pulverizer etc..
The walnut shell-breaking device developed at present, to realize mechanization walnut shell-breaking kernel-taking, existing shell-breaking machine of walnut uses
Conventional stone roller is rubbed with the hands, extruding, is hit, the shell breaking method principle shell-cracking kernel-taking of shearing, performance indications it is not high (shell-breaking rate 80% or so,
About 60%), to the walnut bad adaptability of variety classes size, automaticity is low for high kernel rate, and during broken shell, unbalance stress causes
Walnut kernel turns into the irregular fragment of many valves, or even flour shape, highly inconvenient at deep processing, edible aspect.
Walnut feeding unit is varied, but these mechanisms only focus on efficiency can not accurately control the feeding of walnut
And broken shell process.The controllable of walnut feeding quantification and walnut feeding efficiency can be accomplished by comparing outstanding feeding unit
Change.Due to the particularity of walnut profile, broken shell, fixed gap extrusion cracking or the various appearances for shearing broken shell walnut are either impacted
State is all had significant effect to broken shell effect, and benevolence is rounded in addition, carrying out precise positioning to walnut posture and can improve broken shell
Efficiency, therefore it is badly in need of a kind of walnut shell-breaking device of automatic transport positioning now.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, charging is screened by feeding hopper the invention provides a kind of, passed through
More trip rods hit walnuts and make the quick broken shell of walnut, take the high automatic transport positioning of rate of perfect kernel walnut shell-breaking device and
Its application method.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The walnut shell-breaking device of automatic transport positioning, including located at least one walnut shell-breaking mould of frame and at least two
Root trip rod, the top of walnut shell-breaking mould are provided with walnut feeding hopper, and walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with walnut positioning hole, determined in walnut
The both sides in position hole are respectively provided with positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block for covering walnut positioning hole, the side wall of walnut shell-breaking mould be provided with to
Few two perforates communicated with walnut positioning hole, more trip rods are under the drive of travel mechanism through corresponding with every trip rod
Perforate hit and be arranged at walnut in walnut positioning hole.
Preferably, the bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with multiple discharge openings, shape and the walnut maximum cross section of discharge opening
Shape it is identical.
Walnut is positioned in walnut feeding hopper, after the through hole on positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block is passed through after walnut discharge opening
Into after walnut positioning hole, carry out closing positioning hole by positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block or locating slot, trip rod are broken through walnut
The perforate of shell mould side wall, while the walnut into walnut locating slot or walnut positioning hole is hit；In addition, determine in walnut
The top of position hole entrance side positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block can also be set provided with positioning conveyer structure, positioning conveyer structure internal channel
Shape it is identical with the shape of walnut maximum cross section.
Preferably, the shape of walnut positioning hole is identical with the shape of walnut maximum cross section, the positioning and quantitative feeding
Sliding block is connected with drive mechanism, and several through holes are provided with the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block, and positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block exists
Drive mechanism drives through hole when being moved to setting position to be communicated with walnut positioning hole.
Preferably, the drive mechanism is positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block solenoid directional control valve, travel mechanism is by broken shell gas
Cylinder solenoid directional control valve control broken shell cylinder, broken shell cylinder solenoid directional control valve respectively with broken shell cylinder and positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block
Solenoid directional control valve individually connects.
Preferably, the end that the trip rod is used to hit walnut is provided with jump bit, in order to realize the function of rounding benevolence,
The diameter that jump bit stroke is more than walnut kernel is less than walnut shell diameter.
Preferably, the jump bit side is provided with the screwed hole being connected with trip rod, another side surface is arc-shaped concave
Or V-type face.
Preferably, the jump bit arc-shaped concave or V-type face are provided with multiple projections.
Preferably, when trip rod quantity is 2, two trip rods are point-blank oppositely arranged, when trip rod number
When amount is more than or equal to 3, trip rod is symmetrical arranged.
Preferably, the bottom of the walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with bottom plate, floor level is fixed on frame, meanwhile, it is described
Positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block be fixed on frame parallel to bottom plate.
Preferably, being provided with agitating shaft in the feeding hopper, agitating shaft is provided with multiple rows of moving tooth for being used to stir walnut.
Preferably, the cylinder diameter of the broken shell cylinder is 15mm~35mm, range is 40mm~80mm.
In walnut positioning hole side, the lower section of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block is provided with collection device, and collection device connects with air blower
Connect, side of the collection device away from air blower is provided with the helix drum that inwall is equipped with helical baffle.
The application method of described walnut shell-breaking device, is comprised the following steps that：
1) walnut is laid into walnut positioning hole by feeding hopper；
2) drive mechanism drives the side of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block movement covering walnut positioning hole；
3) travel mechanism drives more trip rod associated movements, and trip rod each hits walnut positioning hole simultaneously through perforate
Interior walnut；
4) drive mechanism drives positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block movement walnut positioning hole to be communicated with through hole, walnut kernel and walnut shell
Fall.
The present invention operation principle be：It will be poured into first by the walnut of size fractionation in feeding hopper.Agitating device does even
Speed is rotated, and moving tooth is ceaselessly stirred to walnut in feeding hopper.The walnut free to tumble in stirring, only posture meet positioning
The walnut of conveying mechanism channel shape could fall from feeding hopper enters positioning conveyer structure, enters back into above walnut positioning hole
Positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block, realize positioning conveying function.(if walnut enters the speed of positioning conveyer structure more than walnut processing
Speed, then walnut can be stored in the passage of positioning conveyer structure.) positioning and quantitative is installed below positioning conveyer structure given
Expect sliding block, positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block is driven by cylinder and does fixed cycle reciprocating motion.In the initial position of motion, positioning conveyer
The walnut of storage is respectively fallen in walnut positioning hole in structure, due to leading on the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block below walnut positioning hole
To being interspersed for through hole and walnut positioning hole, now walnut is by the reality between guide through hole on the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block of lower section
Body portion, which blocks, to fall.It is maximum that subsequent broken shell cylinder pulls positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block to move to distance on guide groove
Place, now on the same axis, walnut drops out walnut positioning hole with guide through hole distribution on positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block.It is then fixed
Position quantitative feed sliding block returns to initial position and waits next group walnut, so far completes a feeding cycle.It is (especially, only fixed
When i.e. through hole is distributed in same axis with positioning conveyer structure internal channel when position quantitative feed sliding block playbacks to motion initial position,
Walnut can just fall in positioning conveyer structure.) in walnut from dropping out positioning conveyer structure to walnut into positioning conveyer structure
Period, walnut are stopped in the passage of positioning conveyer structure all the time, therefore the posture in walnut feeding procedure can be kept to fix
The positioning of walnut is realized in walnut feeding procedure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention employs agitating device to carry out feeding, delicate structure, efficiency high and fault rate is extremely low.
(2) feeding hopper of the invention discharging hole shape, the through hole in positioning conveyer structure use walnut localized cross-sectional shape,
Walnut is set to ensure that the result of positioning is stablized constant in a series of dropping process, walnut posture controllable precise, this is it
What its feeding device did not had, the degree of accuracy of walnut shock is effectively ensured.
(3) present invention moves back and forth the fast and stable feeding for realizing walnut by the fixed cycle of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block,
The efficiency of machine processing walnut is taken full advantage of, the automating of walnut feeding, controllableization is realized, reduces cost of labor, carry
High processing efficiency.
(4) by being adjusted to the period of motion of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block, the speed of walnut feeding in certain limit can be achieved
Rate is flexibly adjustable.
(5) present invention realizes that walnut is introduced into walnut by the cooperation of positioning conveyer structure and positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block
When in positioning hole, stored in positioning conveyer structure internal channel, the shock work in walnut positioning hole is effectively ensured.
(6) it is equipped with by trip rod and jump bit, the whole benevolence for hitting gained has been effectively ensured.
Brief description of the drawings
Axonometric drawing in Fig. 1 embodiments 1
The sectional view of Fig. 2 partial devices
Fig. 3 agitating device axonometric drawings
The stereogram of Fig. 4 (a) positioning conveyer structures
Fig. 4 (b) positioning conveyer structure side sectional views
Fig. 5 positioning conveyer structures are bowed sectional view
Fig. 6 positioning and quantitative sliding block top views
Fig. 7 positioning and quantitative sliding blocks axle surveys partial sectional view
Fig. 8 positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block sectional views
Fig. 9 collision type shell-breaking mechanism schematic diagrames
Figure 10 collision type shell-breaking mechanism side views
Figure 11 broken shell cylinder sectional views
Figure 12 (a) spoon shape jump bit side views
Figure 12 (b) spoon shape jump bit sectional views
Figure 13 walnut shell-breaking mould axonometric drawings
Figure 14 (a) walnut shell-breaking mould top views
Figure 14 (b) walnut shell-breaking mould side views
Figure 15 walnut shell-breaking die cut views
Figure 16 baffle of porous baffle top views
Figure 17 helix drum sectional views
Figure 18 spoon shape jump bit stereograms
Figure 19 spoon shape jump bit sectional views
Figure 20 walnut shell-breaking schematic diagrames
Figure 21 cylinder Impulsive loads
Figure 22 V-arrangement jump bit error analyses
Figure 23 broken shell cylinder stroke schematic diagrames；
Wherein, 1- feeding hoppers, 2- chains, 3- blowpipes, 4- broken shell cylinders, 5- collecting tanks, 6- air blowers, 7-
Motor, 8- belts, 9- line shafts, 10- power axle bearings, 11- line shaft bearing nuts, 12- bevel gears, 13- helix drums
Main shaft bearing, 14- helix drum main shaft bearing nuts, 15- helix drum main shafts, 16- air blower fixed plates, 17- helix drums,
18- cylinder firm bankings, 19- baffle of porous baffle reversing cylinders, 20- cylinder geometrical clamps, 21- pressure control casees, 22- compressed airs are defeated
Send supervisor, 23- air compressors, 24- solenoid directional control valves, 25- positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block reversing cylinders, 26- stirring axle bearings
Nut, 27- agitating shafts, 28- stirring axle bearings, 29- positioning and quantitative feeding sliding blocks, 30- cylinder fixing nuts, 31- walnut shell-breakings
Mould, 32- positioning conveyer structures, 33- moving teeth, 35- helical baffles, 37- guide through hole, 38- positioning and quantitative feeding slider guides
Side, 39- screwed holes, 40- spoon shape jump bits, 41- walnut jig supports, 42- positioning and quantitative feeding sliding blocks, 43- hock types
Agitating device main shaft key, 44- hock type agitating device spindle bearing holders, 45- hock type agitating device mainshaft bearing caps, 46- are fixed
Position quantitative feed slider guide groove, 47- frames, 48- keyways, 49- positioning conveyer structure screwed holes, 50- positioning conveyer structures are consolidated
Determine nut, 51- walnut jig support fixing nuts, 52- spoon shape jump bit screwed holes, gas port after 53- cylinders, 54- gas
Gas port before cylinder, 55- spoon shape jump bit stop nuts, 56- trip rods, 57- concave surfaces, 58- spoon shape jump bit arc-shaped concaves center,
59- perforates, 60- walnut positioning holes, 61- Telescopic-cylinder guide rails, 62- baffle of porous baffle reversing cylinder injecting holes, 63- through holes,
64- walnut shell-breaking mould fixing nuts, 65- walnut shell-breaking mould fixing screwed holes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Whole description.
As shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2, the walnut shell-breaking device of automatic transport positioning, including broken located at least one walnut of frame
Shell mould and at least two trip rods 56, the top of walnut shell-breaking mould are provided with walnut feeding hopper 1, and walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with core
Peach positioning hole 60, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block for covering walnut positioning hole, core are respectively provided with the both sides of walnut positioning hole 60
The side wall of peach broken shell mould is provided with least two perforates 59 communicated with walnut positioning hole 60, and more trip rods 56 are in travel mechanism
Drive under through with every 56 corresponding perforate of trip rod hit the walnut being arranged in walnut positioning hole 60.
Feeding hopper 1 plays to walnut is oriented to feeding effect, and the bottom of feeding hopper 1 is provided with multiple discharge openings, positioning conveyer structure 3
The corresponding lower section for being arranged on 1 each discharge opening of feeding hopper, as shown in figure 3, the lower section of the feeding hopper 1 is provided with six along position of center line
The discharge opening of individual walnut cross sectional shape or circle, as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b), it is fixed that the positioning conveyer structure 32 passes through
Position conveying mechanism nut 50 is corresponding to be provided with installed in the lower section of each discharge opening in the bottom of feeding hopper 1, the inside of positioning conveyer structure 32
The passage of shape same with the discharging opening of feeding hopper 1, positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 is arranged on the lower section of positioning conveyer structure 32, at it
The initial position of motion, corresponding each position of opening of positioning conveyer structure 32 dig the groove for having a walnut cross sectional shape, and positioning is fixed
Respectively there is a positioning and quantitative feeding slider guide side 38 both sides of amount feeding sliding block 29.Respectively there is a cunning in walnut shell-breaking mould both sides
Dynamic baffle plate guide groove 46, agrees with the positioning and quantitative feeding slider guide side 38 of the both sides of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29, guiding positioning
Quantitative feed sliding block 29 moves, as shown in figures 5-8.
As shown in figure 3, the hock type agitating device, the both sides of agitating shaft 27 are connected on the bearing of the both sides of feeding hopper 1,
Bearing is arranged on agitating device bearing block, has the shaft shoulder to prevent main shaft from axially moving on agitating shaft 27, and there is keyway 48 side, by
Belt pulley drives hock type agitating device to do uniform rotation, and hock type agitating device is welded with one group three totally ten one in central shaft
Group moving tooth 33, the angle of the adjacent moving tooth 33 of every group of three moving teeth 33 is 120 °.
Collection device is in the diminishing taper of size, and side of the collection device away from air blower 6 is provided with interior wall
Have a helix drum of helical baffle 35, the both ends of the helix drum main shaft 15 of helix drum by helix drum main shaft bearing 13 with
And helix drum main shaft bearing nut 14 is fixed in frame, helix drum main shaft 15 is connected by bevel gear 12 with line shaft 9,
Line shaft 9 is fixed in frame by power axle bearing 10, and line shaft 9 passes through belt pulley and belt 8 and stirring axis connection.
As shown in Fig. 9~15, used in the present embodiment to two trip rods being arranged oppositely, trip rod is by broken shell cylinder 4
Drive, the front end of trip rod 56 of broken shell cylinder 4 is fixed with a spoonful shape jump bit 40 by spoon shape jump bit screwed hole 52, two to
The axis of broken shell cylinder 4 is provided with walnut shell-breaking mould, and walnut positioning hole 60 is provided with walnut shell-breaking mould.Walnut shell-breaking mould
Backplate surface be provided with sliding rail, sliding rail both sides are respectively provided with a positioning and quantitative feeding slider guide groove 46, to positioning
Quantitative feed sliding block 29 plays guide effect；Walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with walnut shell-breaking mould fixing screwed hole 65, and walnut is broken
Walnut shell-breaking mould is fixed in frame by shell mould fixing nut 64.Pass through cylinder fixing nut 30, air cylinder supporting structure nut
Broken shell cylinder 4 is fixed in frame with air cylinder supporting structure 20, and cylinder power is connected with air compressor 23, on solenoid directional control valve 24
Provided with two injecting holes, the flexible and positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block reversing cylinder of trip rod on broken shell cylinder 4 is controlled with this
25 is synchronous with positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29,42.Air compressor 23 supplies the power of broken shell cylinder 4, air compressor 23 with
Pressure control case 21 connects, and gases at high pressure are entered by exhaust hood gas port 53 moves broken shell cylinder 4, while drives positioning and quantitative
Feeding sliding block 29 moves, the horizontal movement of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29, and walnut enters in the walnut positioning hole 60 of broken shell mould, core
The positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29,42 of peach jig both sides about 31 stretches out, and through hole 63 interlocks with walnut position, and walnut can not
Fall；After treating that walnut carries out broken shell, front air cylinder gas port 54 injects gas, and trip rod shrinks, positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29
Withdraw, the face walnut positioning hole 60 of through hole 63 of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 42, the walnut kernel and walnut shell of rupture fall, and enter
The separation of hull from kernel of row next step, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block above walnut shell-breaking mould are 29, the positioning and quantitative feeding of lower section
Sliding block is 42.
Positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block reversing cylinder 25 realizes the company with positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29,42 by screwed hole 39
Connect, and then drive the fixed cycle of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 to move back and forth.Guide through hole 37 can ensure that walnut in dropping process
Do not occur itself it is lateral rotate, just with realizing the positioning broken shell of next step.
Positioning of the positioning conveyer structure nut 50 by being evenly distributed on positioning conveyer structure two peripheries about 32 conveys
Mechanism screwed hole 49 respectively fixes positioning conveyer structure 32 and feeding hopper 1 and walnut shell-breaking mould.
As shown in figure 17, the inwall of helix drum 17 is welded with helical baffle 35, and there are two helix drum main shaft bearings at both ends
13, motor 7 drives the power of output to drive line shaft 9 to do uniform rotation, the band of 9 right-hand member bevel gear of line shaft 12 by belt 8
Dynamic helix drum main shaft 15 rotates.Two support bars are welded with helix drum main shaft 15, drive barrel rotation.
As shown in Figures 18 and 19, it is with spoon for the ease of the walnut holding in impact, 40 another side surface of spoon shape jump bit
58 centrosymmetric arc-shaped concave 57 of shape jump bit arc-shaped concave or V-type face, jump bit arc-shaped concave 57 or V-type face are provided with
Multiple projections, the setting of projection can disperse the contact area of jump bit and walnut, increase impulsive force.
Assuming that cylinder stroke is Am.Two pairs to cylinder stretch out after spoon shape jump bit beeline be B m.Spoon shape jump bit arc
Shape concave surface radian R m.Positioning hole big footpath D m, path d m.Baffle plate discharging opening diameter H m.Telescopic-cylinder is oriented to bore dia K m.
Involved theoretical calculation:
In the fracture theory research of fragile material, commonly assume that material is isotropism, continuity and homogenieity, together
Sample thinks that walnut shell meets such hypothesis.In shock problem, by the stress state complex for rushing object, when impact continues
Between it is very very brief, contact force, which changes over time, to be difficult to accurately analyze, thus need to energy method to solve such issues that.Cylinder drives and hit
Block hitting carries out two-way shock to walnut, then for walnut under dynamic loads, it is with the extension of micro-crack that damage is broken, is propagated as spy
Sign, while cause new crackle, final broken shell, as shown in figure 20.There is document to be defined as the energy that crackle is absorbed herein,
There is document to be defined as cracking until being broken consumed energy, be no longer distinguish between here.
1. contact stress analysis
In impact contact process, the Contact Effect of caused " extruding tensioning " forms damage and causes rupture, therefore contact should
Power σ is an important parameter in the broken calculating of walnut shell, and due to walnut shell almost spherical, it is important to introduce another herein
Parameter mean stress u,
A-contact radius (distance of impact block and the actual Edge Distance impact block central axis contacted of walnut shell)；
Through research, housing can be cracked first under concentrated force effect in centrostigma, if concentrated force is very few, can cause office
Portion ruptures, therefore uses two-way collision type, and designs V-arrangement jump bit, makes full use of V-arrangement jump bit to play walnut automatic right
In function, make walnut during being knocked to relative axle center on same straight line, reaches uniform force all the time to stress
Purpose.Cylinder impact walnut contact process is illustrated by Figure 21.
By Newton's law, the differential relationship mvdv=σ dd (2) between power and displacement
In formula (2),
M-for the quality of piston rod and taping block；
V-be taping block speed；
D-it is impact depth；
Through measurement, transverse diameter b=25.4~29.4mm of the walnut scope of attack obtained by detent mechanism, the average shell thickness δ of walnut
For 1.15mm, in order that the complete broken shell of walnut is no more than 0.5 δ without injuring walnut kernel, the compression distance of adjustment cylinder taping block,
That is d≤0.575.
The impact nonlinear model that Bush's experiment of hardness according to Hill et al. obtains, impact depth d, initial walnut surface
Displacement to contact area edge to contact area bottom, height h are displacement of the contact area edge to contact area bottom, main
Result is wanted to be matched with Mel law,
In formula (3)：
H-it is Mel hardness；
The material constant of K-walnut shell；
D-sunk surface diameter；
Obtained by geometrical relationship approximate derivation in figure：
Because walnut shell is fragile material, thus crack it is broken before, the deformation of walnut shell is all assumed that there was only bullet
Property deformation, and in the case of elastic-plastic deformation, the impact depth d of drift are dimeric with contacting depth h
D=de+dp (5)
H=he+hp (6)
de、he- elastic depth and height
dp、hp- residual depth and height
Scallop-height and the ratio of residual depth are defined as
Elastic displacement is only relevant with work-hardening exponential m, and it is proportional to mean stress u, contact radius a i.e.
Simultaneous formula (1), formula (4), formula (6) and formula (8) can obtain
2. energy of rupture is analyzed
Impact causes the broken energy of walnut shell, is integrated by formula (2)
dmaxDepth capacity under-dynamic loading
Convolution (2), under theory state, i.e., drift and walnut have (drift parameter subscript 2, core in the case of deformation
The parameter subscript 1 of peach represents), bring contact radius a, depth d, height h into, be to u integral results in impact depth direction
Because walnut shell is fragile material, plastic deformation can be ignored, therefore formula (12) only remaining Section 1：
Salient point radius (or contact point depression radius) before R-impact block；
Averaged deformation amount through studying shell is 1.063mm
3. analysis of Positioning Error
Designed for walnut shell-breaking V-arrangement jump bit, make full use of the external circular surfaces of vee-block to have self-positioning action principle,
V-arrangement jump bit plays the function of automatic centering to walnut during jump bit carries out broken shell to walnut.Position and miss on vee-block
Poor theory analysis is as follows：
As shown in figure 22, cylindrical approximate walnut surface, walnut diameter d, vee-block angle [alpha] take 90 °, the punching of vee-block analogy V-arrangement
Hammer,
Analysis chart 22 can write out O points to A point distances
D-walnut outside diameter in formula
The inclined-plane angle of α-V-arrangement jump bit two
Formula (14) is demanded perfection differential, obtained
Differential is replaced with fractional increments, and scale error is considered as fractional increments, and can just can be born in view of scale error,
Every error takes absolute value, and the position error for obtaining process dimension H is
T in formulad、Tα- it is respectively walnut outside diameter tolerance and the angle tolerance of vee-block.
Ignore the angle tolerance of vee-block,
4. choose cylinder and air compressor machine
The energy of taping block reduction is kinetic energy EkBy theorem of kinetic energy
The weight (N) of P-alluvium；
V-blow speed (m/s)；
The working thrust (N) of F-cylinder；
The impulse stroke (m) of L-cylinder；
The impulse stroke of cylinder is as shown in figure 23, according to real work demand, small cylinder QGX series is chosen, in standard
Middle range L is in 40~250mm, according to selection L=50mm is actually needed, then
Take operating pressure p=0.5MPa, cylinder operation thrust F and primary election operating pressure p choose cylinder diameter D：
F1Thrust (N) on-piston rod；
Ft- reset force (N)；
η-loading rate, takes 0.8；
Therefore cylinder boreLook into cylinder diameter canonical parameter take it is slightly larger or
Close standard cylinder diameter value, so taking D=25mm.On the range corresponding with cylinder diameter D=25mm is allowed in cylinder standard
State L=50mm.
Broken shell engine efficiency is 125kg/h, is computed, and it is about 3 times/s that cylinder, which comes and goes number, and the completion one-off time is t
=0.33s.
Obtain choosing the model of air compressor machine, the air consumption of one first cylinder again after the parameter of cylinder
Q=π × (D2-d2)L×2/4t (19)
Wherein d be piston rod diameter, usual d=0.3D.
The then air consumption of this equipment
The each reciprocal effect number (double acting cylinder a=2 here) of a-cylinder；
Number of cylinders (n=12 here) in n-mono- equipment；
The work period (s) of T-mono- equipment；
The time (s) of one stroke of t-some cylinder；
The air demand of air compressor machine：
Q0- gas equipment includes the air leakage amount of assembling pipeline, Q in the case of normal mounting0=(0.1~0.2) Qz
The number of units of m-gas equipment, (m=1 here)
According to the air demand Q of air compressor machinegAnd actual operating conditions choose suitable air compressor machine, by experiment adjusting parameter, just
Obtain the pneumatic CRACKING WALNUT mechanism of collision type that walnut shell-breaking productivity ratio is 125kg/h.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows：
Understand with reference to Fig. 1 to Figure 19, will be poured into first by the walnut of size fractionation in feeding hopper 1.Hock type stirring dress
Put and do uniform rotation, moving tooth 33 is ceaselessly stirred to walnut in feeding hopper 1.The walnut free to tumble in stirring, only appearance
State, which meets the walnut location structure i.e. walnut of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block cross sectional shape, could fall from feeding hopper 1 into positioning
Conveying mechanism, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 of the top of walnut positioning hole 60 is entered back into, realize positioning conveying function.If (walnut
Speed into positioning conveyer structure is more than the speed of walnut processing, then walnut can be stored in the passage of positioning conveyer structure
In.) positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 is installed below positioning conveyer structure, positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 is driven by cylinder to be determined
Cyclic movement.The walnut of storage passes through positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29 in the initial position of motion, positioning conveyer structure
On guide through hole 37 and positioning conveyer structure after respectively fall in walnut positioning hole 60, due to the lower section of walnut positioning hole 60
Guide through hole on positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 42 is interspersed with walnut positioning hole 60, and now walnut is by lower section positioning and quantitative
Entity part on feeding sliding block 42 between guide through hole, which is blocked, to fall.Subsequent broken shell cylinder 4 pulls positioning and quantitative feeding
Sliding block 29 is being moved to apart from maximum, and now walnut positioning hole 60 is distributed in guide through hole on positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 42
On same axis, walnut drops out.Subsequent positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29,42 returns to initial position and waits next group walnut, so far
Complete a feeding cycle.(it is oriented to when especially, only initial position is extremely moved in the playback of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block 29,42
When through hole is distributed in same axis with positioning conveyer structure internal channel, walnut can just fall in positioning conveyer structure.) in walnut
From during dropping out positioning conveyer structure to walnut into positioning conveyer structure, walnut stops in the passage of positioning conveyer structure all the time
Stay, therefore the posture in walnut feeding procedure can be kept to fix the positioning for realizing walnut in walnut feeding procedure.
Air blower 6 is separately mounted to the both sides of the discharging opening of conical material collecting tank 5 with helix drum 17, and conical material is collected
The charging aperture of groove 5 is located at below the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block ground below walnut shell-breaking mould, and the inwall of helix drum 17 has spiral gear
There are two bearings at plate 35, the both ends of agitating shaft 27, are driven by motor and do uniform rotation.Shell after upper level hulling machine broken shell
Benevolence mixture enters the left end of helix drum 17 under the drive of orientation wind, because walnut shell and internal diaphragm quality are lighter, under
Moved right during falling distant, and walnut kernel is heavier, displacement is small, and both drop down onto the rolling that can be rotated again behind bottom
Cylinder takes up again does oblique upper paraboloiding movement, and dropping process is similar.Shell benevolence mixture is repeatedly thrown rear walnut kernel and is pooled to spiral
The left end collection material mouth of roller 17, walnut shell and internal diaphragm are due to light weight, from the right-hand member of helix drum 17 under the blowing of air blower 6
Discharge.It is Y that wind blast velocity control, which is wherein oriented, in X helix drums rotating speed.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are：
Baffle plate with holes is set in the lower section of walnut shell-breaking mould, as shown in figure 16, in original position, the through hole 13 of baffle plate
It is staggered with the position of walnut positioning hole, for stopping the whereabouts of walnut, similarly, baffle plate passes through baffle of porous baffle reversing cylinder
19 drive motion, and baffle of porous baffle reversing cylinder 19 is provided with baffle of porous baffle reversing cylinder injecting hole 62.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the walnut shell-breaking device of automatic transport positioning, it is characterised in that including at least one walnut shell-breaking mould located at frame
Tool and at least two trip rods, the top of walnut shell-breaking mould are provided with walnut feeding hopper, and walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with walnut positioning
Hole, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block for covering walnut positioning hole, walnut shell-breaking mould are respectively provided with the both sides of walnut positioning hole
Side wall be provided with least two perforates communicated with walnut positioning hole, more trip rods passed through under the drive of travel mechanism with it is every
The walnut being arranged in walnut positioning hole is hit in perforate corresponding to root trip rod；
The shape of walnut positioning hole is identical with the shape of walnut maximum cross section, the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block and drive mechanism
Connection, several through holes are provided with the positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block, positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block is under drive mechanism drive
Through hole communicates with walnut positioning hole when being moved to setting position, and respectively there is a positioning and quantitative feeding positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block both sides
Slider guide side, respectively there is a slide damper guide groove in walnut shell-breaking mould both sides, with determining for positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block both sides
Position quantitative feed slider guide side is agreed with, and guides positioning and quantitative feeding slide block movement；
When trip rod quantity is 2, two trip rods are point-blank oppositely arranged, when trip rod quantity is more than or equal to 3,
Trip rod is symmetrical arranged；The end that the trip rod is used to hit walnut is provided with jump bit, and the jump bit side is provided with hitting
The screwed hole of bar connection is hit, another side surface is arc-shaped concave or V-type face；
The bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with multiple discharge openings, and the shape of discharge opening is identical with the shape of walnut maximum cross section.
2. walnut shell-breaking device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the drive mechanism is positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block
Solenoid directional control valve, travel mechanism are the broken shell cylinder controlled by broken shell cylinder solenoid directional control valve, and broken shell cylinder solenoid directional control valve divides
It is not connected individually with broken shell cylinder and positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block solenoid directional control valve.
3. walnut shell-breaking device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the jump bit arc-shaped concave or V-type face are set
There are multiple projections.
4. walnut shell-breaking device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom of the walnut shell-breaking mould is provided with bottom
Plate, floor level are fixed on frame, meanwhile, described positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block is fixed on frame parallel to bottom plate.
5. walnut shell-breaking device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that agitating shaft is provided with the feeding hopper, is stirred
Axle is provided with multiple rows of moving tooth for being used to stir walnut；
The cylinder diameter of the broken shell cylinder is 15mm ~ 35mm, and range is 40mm ~ 80mm.
6. the application method of the walnut shell-breaking device as any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that specific steps are such as
Under：
1）Walnut is laid into walnut positioning hole by feeding hopper；
2）Drive mechanism drives the side of positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block movement covering walnut positioning hole；
3）Travel mechanism drives more trip rod associated movements, and trip rod is each hit in walnut positioning hole simultaneously through perforate
Walnut；
4）Drive mechanism drives positioning and quantitative feeding sliding block movement walnut positioning hole to be communicated with through hole, under walnut kernel and walnut shell
Fall.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107259594B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江智霖机械有限公司 | A kind of walnut peeling machine |
| CN109132599B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 江苏九阳生物制药有限公司 | Chemical raw material output control equipment and raw material output control method |
| CN109757738B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-04-05 | 海南大学 | Knocking type rubber fruit huller |
| CN110216077B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-06-11 | 南京禹智智能科技有限公司 | Intelligent robot for sorting and packaging fruits and sorting and packaging method thereof |
| CN110506944B (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2021-04-30 | 青岛理工大学 | Multistation self-adaptation walnut system of breaking shell in advance |
| CN110710692A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-21 | 青岛理工大学 | Cam roller type walnut horizontal extrusion shell breaking system |
| CN111011877B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-02-15 | 滁州学院 | Rotary cutting type gordon euryale seed shell breaking device |
| CN113317521A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-31 | 湘潭大学 | Walnut self-adaptive directional extrusion shell breaking machine |
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