CN105848823A - Method for manufacturing a carrier ring suitable for use in a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a carrier ring suitable for use in a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105848823A CN105848823A CN201480070856.4A CN201480070856A CN105848823A CN 105848823 A CN105848823 A CN 105848823A CN 201480070856 A CN201480070856 A CN 201480070856A CN 105848823 A CN105848823 A CN 105848823A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ring
- load
- carrying ring
- pipeline section
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
- F16G5/16—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section consisting of several parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure relates to the manufacturing of a carrier ring (32) made from steel for use in a drive belt (3) for a continuously variable transmission, which manufacturing includes the process steps of: - welding a plate (11) of basic material into the shape of a tube (13), - separating a ring-shaped section (14) from the tube (13) in a melt cutting process, such as by means of a laser (19), - annealing the ring-shaped section (14) and - processing the annealed ring-shaped tube section (14) to form the carrier ring (32), which processing at least includes elongating the annealed ring-shaped tube section (14) by means of a rolling process.
Description
Technical field
It relates to a kind of method for manufacturing load-carrying ring with steel basic material, described load-carrying ring is fitted
In the effect of the bearing part of lateral direction element in the closed-loop drive band of buncher, described side
Method comprises the steps:
The plate that-offer basic material is made,
-plate is curved the shape of pipe, two sides thus mutually against layout,
-with welding procedure, said two side is fixed together, to form pipe,
-isolate ring segment from pipe, and
-processing annular pipeline section is to form the load-carrying ring for transmission band, and described processing at least includes with rolling
Technique elongates annular pipeline section.
Background technology
In order to when isolating ring segment from pipe, it is to avoid pipe and/or annular pipeline section at welding position and/
Or in the fracture of the so-called heat affected area of welding processing or damage, pipe was annealed before this separation.
In the annealing of this pipe is processed, the fragility introduced in welding processing in pad and heat affected area is led to
Cross material noticeably greater than 600 degrees Celsius temperature, Recovery and recrystallization at the most about 800 DEG C
It is eliminated.
It should be noted that in view of rolling technology, also due to same reason must carry out annealing processing to pipe,
That is, so that annular pipeline section can be not accompanied by the less desirable pad from annular pipeline section or heat
It is elongated in the case of deforming in the zone of influence or even rupturing.
Transmission band for buncher is known.Generally, this transmission band includes two groups of two ends
Ring that connect, i.e. closed loop, the substantial amounts of lateral direction element of described ring supporting transmission band, described horizontal stroke
Substantially continuous row are become along the whole circumference of transmission band to element.These load-carrying ring phases of transmission band
Local flat, i.e. the radial distance between inner periphery and the excircle of load-carrying ring is relative in axial direction
Size is fairly small.
In buncher, transmission band is arranged between the belt wheel of two cooperations, between two belt wheels
Realize continuous print gear ratio.During operation, transmission band is by moment of torsion belt wheel transmission from belt wheel
To another belt wheel, and/or mutually it is pushed to described from one belt wheel by the lateral direction element of transmission band
Another belt wheel.
During buncher works, the load-carrying ring of transmission band, by bending force and pulling force, therefore holds
The metal fatigue carrying ring will work in the possible inefficacy at transmission band.Load-carrying ring is tired to this metal
The resistance of labor is heavily dependent on the type of steel used, quality and process.For load-carrying ring
The application of transmission band provides the preferred basic material of material requested performance to be martensite steel.
From pipe isolate ring segment generally by the material being forced into pipe or of rotation
Above cutting tool performs, and described pipe also rotates.The most this multiple base separating processing
This setting, such as at international patent application WO2005/039812-A1 and WO2004/089568-A1
In and as described in european patent application EP-1130282-A and EP-1108919-A.So
And, in all of these situations, cutting tool all applies sizable (shearing) stress on pipe,
Described pipe only in the case of the material of pipe has enough toughness just will not occur fracture or undesirably
Deformation.In reality, it means that, after welded pipe and before isolating ring segment from pipe,
Pipe must be annealed.
Summary of the invention
According to the disclosure, by using laser, beam-plasma or similar thermal source, by cutting with fusing
Cut process melts and isolate ring segment from pipe, do not have described shear stress.Therefore, this
In the case of fusing cutting technique, the toughness of pipe or fragility are hardly to the quality of cutting, i.e. ring pipe
The quality of section produces impact.In any case, even if pipe not being annealed before the fusing of pipe is cut
In the case of, above-mentioned less desirable deformation or the fracture of pipe also will not occur.
At first glance, this latter's aspect of fusing cutting technique seems unimportant in practice, because
The most all have to carry out the annealing processing of pipe, so that rolling and processing can not make annular pipeline section
Perform in the case of damage or fracture.But, deeply understanding based on of this disclosure, this aspect still may be used
Advantageously apply.Especially, according to the disclosure, the annealing after welding is delayed until to melt cutting
Technique is after annular pipeline section isolated by pipe.Thus, improve the overall effect of the manufacture method of load-carrying ring
Benefit, especially cost benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The above-mentioned basic feature of the disclosure is exemplarily described now with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a part for known transmission band, and described transmission band includes respectively by multiple
Two ring groups that mutually load-carrying ring of setting-in represents and multiple lateral direction element.
Fig. 2 is to represent by the basic material manufacture of tabular in the known method of the ring group of transmission band
The diagram of known procedure of processing sequence.
Fig. 3 shows the procedure of processing isolating ring segment from pipe in known ring group manufacture method
Known setting.
Fig. 4 has gone out the procedure of processing isolating ring segment from pipe that will apply within the context of the present disclosure
Substituting setting.
Fig. 5 is the novel procedure of processing sequence representing the part manufactured as ring group according to the disclosure
Row.
Detailed description of the invention
The known transmission band 3 schematically shown the most in FIG includes two ring groups 31, institute
Stating the endless metal ring that ring group 31 includes mutually being embedded in, described becket represents with bearing part 32, passes
Dynamic band 3 also includes multiple single metal transverse elements 33, and described lateral direction element 33 is each at it respectively
Side is provided with recess 34, and ring group 31 is located in described recess.In known transmission band 3, laterally unit
The row of part 33 formation leap and the substantially continuous whole circumference of ring type filling group 31.It is being used in variator
Time middle, transmission band 3 is maintained between two transmission pulley, and the ring group 31 with 3 is by belt wheel quilt
Tensioning so that the row of lateral direction element 33 can while being guided by ring group 31 by driving force from a band
Wheel is transferred to another belt wheel.
Fig. 2 is shown schematically in the master in the exemplary manufacturing method of the ring group 31 for forming transmission band 3
Step, described method is wanted to include the manufacture of intermediate products load-carrying ring.
In the first procedure of processing I, the plate 11 with about 0.4mm thickness of basic material is manipulated into
Cylindrical shape, the side 12 of the junction of plate 11 is soldered in the second procedure of processing II, to be formed
Hollow cylinder or pipe 13.In the 3rd procedure of processing III, in order to make metal lattice Recovery and recrystallization,
Make pipe 13 temperature apparently higher than 600 degrees Celsius, be such as about the industrial furnace 16 of 800 degrees Celsius
Middle annealing.Hereafter, in the 4th procedure of processing IV, isolate ring segment 14 from the main body of pipe 13.
Next step-procedure of processing five V in, the annular side of pipeline section 14 or edge 15 are processed, to improve
Its surface quality or shape.In the example presented in the figure, by means of edge melt-processed to edge 15 at
Reason, described melt-processed described in edge 15 by of short duration by means of thermal source, such as laser instrument 20
Be melted and reshape, this edge melt-processed itself knows from WO 2012/089228A1.
Hereafter, annular pipeline section 14 is rolled in the 6th procedure of processing VI, in order to when being elongated, it is thick
Degree is decreased to less than 0.2mm, is typically about 0.185mm, is consequently formed load-carrying ring 32.
Load-carrying ring 32 then passes through the processing of the rolling and processing (i.e. step 5 VI) before eliminating
Another annealing procedure of processing VII of hardening effect.Hereafter, in the 8th procedure of processing VIII, calibration
Load-carrying ring 32, will ring 32 around two rotate roller install and by force described roller separately and by ring
Part 32 is stretched to predetermined circle length.In the 8th procedure of processing VIII, internal stress distribution is also executed
It is added on load-carrying ring 32.Hereafter, load-carrying ring 32 is in two single procedure of processings, the i.e. the 9th processing
The Ageing Treatment of step IX or bulk precipitation hardening and the nitridation of the tenth procedure of processing X or Surface hardened layer
In carry out heat treatment.Especially, both heat treatments are directed to steel ring 32 is being comprised process gas
Heating in the furnace chamber of body, described gas atmosphere generally includes nitrogen for ring Ageing Treatment
With some (such as percentage by volume is of about 5%) hydrogen, generally include for ring nitrogenizes
Nitrogen and ammonia.According to for steel load-carrying ring 32 metal (i.e. be usually martensitic steel alloy) with
And the desired mechanical characteristic according to load-carrying ring 32, both heat treatments are all at 400 degrees Celsius the most extremely
Carry out within the temperature range of 500 degrees Celsius, and the most sustainable be less than 30 minutes to more than 120 minutes.
Finally, as shown in the 11st procedure of processing XI the most finally drawn, logical
Cross and the load-carrying ring 32 of multiple such processing is radially stacked (i.e. setting-in), cambium layer box-like ring group 31.
Obviously, the load-carrying ring 32 of ring group 31 must be suitably selected size, such as must be at circumferential length
It is upper slightly different so that load-carrying ring 32 can be around adaptive closely to each other.To this end, the holding of ring group 31
Carry ring 32 the most on purpose to select from the load-carrying ring 32 that a lot of sizes are different.
Isolating from pipe 13 of above-mentioned 4th procedure of processing IV is arranged on figure known to annular pipeline section 14
Schematically show in 3.Fig. 3 illustrates pipe 13 with cross section；But, the actually diameter of pipe 13 is long-range
Wall thickness in it.Circle 17 expression rotating cutting work of substantially cylindrical during cutting processing
Tool 17 is relative to the multiple coherent radial position of pipe 13.But, actually cutting tool 17 has
Fixing radial position, and pipe 13 rotates relative to cutting tool 17.When cutting tool 17 is in cutting
During when moving radially inwardly, the instrument 18 that matches provides for pipe 13 on the inner side of pipe 13 and supports.
Actual cutting is carried out in two stages I, II.In the first stage I of cutting, cutting tool 17
The wall thickness (position Ia-Ic) of the pipe 13 of rotation is gradually passed through, thus along spiral shell in the material of pipe 13
Rotary-cut secant C moves.Then, in second stage II of cutting, ring segment is at pipe 13 once
Complete rotation separates from pipe 13 completely.Can determine that, known at this of the 4th procedure of processing IV
In arranging, big cutting force is applied on pipe 13 by cutting tool 17.
Procedure of processing IV from pipe 13 isolate annular pipeline section 14 another setting the most schematic
Illustrate.In this second embodiment, centralized thermal source (such as laser beam) 19 is used for burn through pipe
The wall thickness of 13.At pipe 13 relative in the most complete rotation of thermal source 19, from original position S
Initially form complete circumference cutting, and isolate ring segment 14 from pipe 13.Can determine that, add the 4th
This of the rapid IV of work step is specific to be arranged, and only applies the power of minimum on pipe 13 and/or ring segment 14.
In reality, the internal stress being introduced in the material of pipe 13 when welding combines by such as such as Fig. 3 institute
The power that the mechanical cutting tool 17,18 shown applies, such as by pipe 13 and/or annular pipeline section 14
Less desirable deformation causes pipe 13 and/or annular, and pipeline section 14 is damaged even ruptures.But, in fusing
In cutting processing, not applying big cutting force, thus, pipe 13 and/or annular pipeline section 14 will not be because of
This is damaged.Thus, process from pipe 13 points if by fusing cutting processing rather than machine cuts
Separate out ring segment 14 (procedure of processing IV), then just need not perform the moving back of pipe of the 3rd procedure of processing III
Fire.But, the annular pipeline section 14 of generation must be before it rolls, i.e. at manufacture load-carrying ring 32 and
Anneal before 6th procedure of processing VI of the final ring group 31 manufacturing transmission band 3.
According to the disclosure, the annealing of annular pipeline section 14 is advantageously delayed, the most only up to its edge 15
Just perform after 5th procedure of processing V is processed.This spy in overall load-carrying ring manufacture method
Surely, in arranging, the fusing of the edge of the 5th procedure of processing V can be according to prior art, i.e. include such as WO
The annealing post processing that 2012/089228A1 is lectured performs, and advantageously need not in the 6th processing
The second annealing procedure of processing is carried out before the rolling annular pipeline section 14 of step VI.The manufacture of load-carrying ring
The setting of this novelty of relevant portion figure 5 illustrates.
According to Fig. 5, in the second procedure of processing II after welded pipe 13, pipe 13 is directly cut in fusing
Cut in processing, i.e. in the 4th procedure of processing IV, be cut into multiple ring segment 14, thus skip
The annealing of the third step III in classical production process.Hereafter, in the 5th procedure of processing V, annular
The edge 15 of pipeline section 14 is processed by laser instrument 20, and described laser instrument 20 makes these edges 15 short
Melt temporarily.But, hereafter it is to make annular pipeline section 14 through the annealing of procedure of processing V-b, in order to
The material property everywhere being made annular pipeline section 14 by Recovery and recrystallization is identical.Process in this latter
In step V-b, by welding processing step II, separate procedure of processing IV and melt-processed step V in edge
The heat affected area produced all is eliminated simultaneously, is the most advantageously eliminated in single procedure of processing V-b.By
This is in the fusing cutting of described 4th procedure of processing IV and at the edge of described 5th procedure of processing V
In fusing, the welding of the pipe that the metallic crystalline structure of pipe 13 is included in the second procedure of processing II is formed
Irregular portion, the most still include Welding Structure and heat affected area.
Even if finally, it should be noted that the melt-processed edge 15 processing annular pipeline section 14, non-selected edge
(procedure of processing V), but another is processed, such as grinding stone barreling or brush for the purpose, only
It can be still favourable for just being annealed by annular pipeline section 14 after this another kind of edge treated machines.
After all, in like fashion, only in fusing cutting (procedure of processing IV) and edge treated (procedure of processing
V) between reaching after in those of required quality standard, (necessary) (is added work step rolling by product
Rapid VI) it is annealed (procedure of processing V-b) before.
In addition to the full content of aforementioned specification and all detailed contents of accompanying drawing, the disclosure also relates to
And and include all features of claim.In claim, parenthesized reference is not intended to its model
Enclose, but be only used as the non-binding example of individual features.The feature of claim can be according to tool
Body situation applies individually to the product specified or the process specified, but also can apply this wherein
Two or more combination in feature.
The embodiment the most clearly proposed by the invention is not restricted to representated by the disclosure and/or example,
But also include its amendment, improve and actual application, especially include that those skilled in the art are in power
In the range of those amendments, improve and actual application.
Claims (10)
1. the method being used for manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), described load-carrying ring (32) is formed from steel,
Described method comprises the steps:
The plate (11) that-offer basic material is made,
-plate (11) is curved tubular, thus two sides (12) of plate (11) mutually against or
Arrange the most directly opposite one anotherly,
-with welding procedure, said two side (12) are fixed together, to form pipe (13),
-isolate annular pipeline section (14) from pipe (13), and
-processing annular pipeline section (14) is to form load-carrying ring (32), and described processing at least includes with rolling
Technique elongates annular pipeline section (14),
It is characterized in that, by means of fusing cutting technique, such as plasma cutting or cut, from pipe
(13) isolate annular pipeline section (14), then but elongate annular pipeline section (14) with rolling technology
Before, annular pipeline section (14) annealed heat treatment is made, for the steel of annular pipeline section (14)
Recrystallization.
The method being used for the most as claimed in claim 1 manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), it is characterised in that
In described annealing heat treatment, annular pipeline section (14) is heated in furnace chamber (16) and exists afterwards
The temperature more than 600 degrees Celsius it is maintained in certain time.
The method being used for the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), its feature exists
In, pipe (13) is without annealing heat treatment.
The method being used for the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), its feature exists
In, the metallic crystalline structure of pipe (13) includes irregular portion, especially includes Welding Structure and/or hot shadow
Ring district.
5. such as the method for manufacturing load-carrying ring (32) in any one of the preceding claims wherein, its
It is characterised by, before the annealing heat treatment of annular pipeline section (14), with edge melting process melting ring
The edge (15) of shape pipeline section (14).
The method being used for the most as claimed in claim 5 manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), it is characterised in that
Annular pipeline section (14) before edge melting process without annealing heat treatment.
7. such as the method for manufacturing load-carrying ring (32) in any one of the preceding claims wherein, its
It is characterised by, plate (11) that basic material is made, pipe (13) and/or (wall) of annular pipeline section (14)
Thickness is of about 0.4mm.
The method being used for the most as claimed in claim 7 manufacturing load-carrying ring (32), it is characterised in that
(wall) thickness of load-carrying ring (32) is less than 0.2mm.
9. such as the method for manufacturing load-carrying ring (32) in any one of the preceding claims wherein, its
Being characterised by, load-carrying ring (32) is with acting on the transmission band (3) of buncher or for stepless
The transmission band (3) of variator uses, described buncher have two belt wheels (1,2) and
Described transmission band (3).
10. a transmission band (3), described transmission band (3) has lateral direction element (33) and at least
Individual ring group (31), lateral direction element (33) is applied in ring group (31), and described ring group (31) is by many
Individual load-carrying ring (32) forms, and described load-carrying ring (32) is the most mutually embedded in, load-carrying ring (32)
Partly by means of according to any one of aforementioned claim, especially being used for described in claim 8
The method manufacturing load-carrying ring (32) manufactures.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1040566 | 2013-12-24 | ||
| NL1040566A NL1040566C2 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2013-12-24 | Method for manufacturing a carrier ring suitable for use in a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission. |
| PCT/EP2014/079329 WO2015097296A1 (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2014-12-24 | Method for manufacturing a carrier ring suitable for use in a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105848823A true CN105848823A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
Family
ID=50190627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480070856.4A Pending CN105848823A (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2014-12-24 | Method for manufacturing a carrier ring suitable for use in a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6556143B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105848823A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1040566C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015097296A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109789522A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-21 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | The manufacturing method of ring |
| CN109789517A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-21 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | It is soldered the manufacturing method of the cleaning method in portion, welding system and ring |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018051720A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Method for manufacturing ring and ring polishing device |
| CN108202210B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-11-15 | 永嘉县三和弹簧有限公司 | Machining process and forming machine for U-shaped elastic hard-sealing ball valve seat |
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| WO2012089228A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Method and device for processing a metal ring, an annular metal band thus formed and a drive belt in which the annular metal band is used |
| CN102825435A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2012-12-19 | 安徽马钢工程技术有限公司 | Ring piece machining system and method as well as ring piece moving-out device |
| WO2013000491A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Flexible ring for a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission and method for producing such |
| WO2013002633A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Manufacturing method for a drive belt ring component |
| US20130168372A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-07-04 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Metal ring manufacture method and metal ring manufacture device |
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| US6497633B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2002-12-24 | Borgwarner Inc. | Continuous manufacture of push type CVT belt bands utilizing spiral winding & welding to form tube and slitting tube to form band of predetermined width |
| JP3534033B2 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2004-06-07 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Laminated metal belt ring and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2004089568A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-21 | Honda Motor Co. Ltd. | Cutting device for thin metallic plate |
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2013
- 2013-12-24 NL NL1040566A patent/NL1040566C2/en active
-
2014
- 2014-12-24 CN CN201480070856.4A patent/CN105848823A/en active Pending
- 2014-12-24 JP JP2016542923A patent/JP6556143B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-24 WO PCT/EP2014/079329 patent/WO2015097296A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2012089228A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Method and device for processing a metal ring, an annular metal band thus formed and a drive belt in which the annular metal band is used |
| US20130168372A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-07-04 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Metal ring manufacture method and metal ring manufacture device |
| WO2013000491A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Flexible ring for a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission and method for producing such |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109789522A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-21 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | The manufacturing method of ring |
| CN109789517A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-05-21 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | It is soldered the manufacturing method of the cleaning method in portion, welding system and ring |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6556143B2 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
| JP2017511864A (en) | 2017-04-27 |
| WO2015097296A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
| NL1040566C2 (en) | 2015-06-26 |
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Application publication date: 20160810 |