CN105835911B - operation management system and operation management method - Google Patents
operation management system and operation management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105835911B CN105835911B CN201610028385.1A CN201610028385A CN105835911B CN 105835911 B CN105835911 B CN 105835911B CN 201610028385 A CN201610028385 A CN 201610028385A CN 105835911 B CN105835911 B CN 105835911B
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- train
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- operation management
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/70—Details of trackside communication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/20—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. braking curve calculation
- B61L2027/204—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or vehicle train, e.g. braking curve calculation using Communication-based Train Control [CBTC]
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of operation management system and operation management method, more precisely detects the close of vehicle.Operation management system possesses:The multiple ground installations of specified interval possessed;And bus equipment, it is equipped on multiple vehicles, and communicated when by the ground installation with the ground installation, the operation management system is characterised by, based on the range information between the ground installation, the ground installation and the relative distance information of the vehicle and the train length of the vehicle, come calculate between the multiple vehicle close to distance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to operation management system and operation management method, is especially highly suited for being applied to be used as being applied to
The operational management of the streetcar of the means of transport being referred to as in the narrow region of tramcar, light rail of urban transportation
System and operation management method.
Background technology
In the past, as one of means of transport in the narrow region such as in city, streetcar be present.Streetcar
Also referred to as tramcar, light rail etc., importing cost is relatively cheap compared with subway, monorail, and it is in order to electric along road surface
Automobile-used rail running and from the less susceptible affected vehicles of the vehicles such as the automobile travelled around.Recently,
Such streetcar is expected to by being cooperated with automobile, bus to alleviate traffic congestion, alive including Japan
Various countries of boundary constantly promote and imported.
For above-mentioned streetcar, controlled without driverless train, the safe operation of train is by driver Lai really
Protect.Therefore, set out from a security point, notify that Train Approaching alarm is extremely important for arbitrary train.For example, in patent
In document 1, a kind of automatic output train is disclosed close to the method for alarm.Specifically, in patent document 1, in train control
In device processed, operating speed generator detects train position, and ground installation is relative with car antenna couple when pair
The train position of the detection is corrected, but is controlled such that and the sudden turn of events does not occur with the train interval of the correction.
Citation
Patent document
Patent document 1:TOHKEMY 2003-246269 publications
The content of the invention
But it is such in streetcar described above, in the case that the safe operation of train is entrusted into driver, it is necessary to
Direction of the presence of branch between train, train length and train etc. is considered to place Train Approaching alarm, but above-mentioned special
In sharp document 1, direction for opening directional information, train length and train of fork device etc., the measurement of vehicle headway are not considered
Precision and insufficient, the safe operation that train be present can not be ensured that the problem of so sometimes.
The present invention considers case above and made, it is intended to proposes a kind of close operation that can more precisely detect vehicle
Management system and operation management method.
In order to solve the problem, a kind of operation management system is provided in the present invention, and it possesses:Specified interval possessed
Multiple ground installations;And bus equipment, it is equipped on multiple vehicles, and when by the ground installation with the ground installation
Communicated, the operation management system is characterised by, based on the range information between the ground installation, the ground installation
With the relative distance information of the vehicle and the train length of the vehicle, come calculate between the multiple vehicle close to away from
From.
In order to solve the problem, a kind of operation management method of operation management system, the operation are provided in the present invention
Management system possesses:The multiple ground installations of specified interval possessed;And bus equipment, it is equipped on multiple vehicles, and logical
Being communicated when crossing the ground installation with the ground installation, the operation management method is characterised by, including:Judge this
Whether the nearest train in front of train and described train is equidirectional step;With in described train and described train
The nearest train in front in the case of equidirectional, based on the range information between the ground installation, the ground installation with it is described
The train length of the relative distance information of vehicle and the vehicle, to calculate the step close to distance between the multiple vehicle
Suddenly.
In accordance with the invention it is possible to the close of vehicle is more precisely detected, so as to provide safe train system
System.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the general of the schematic diagram for the device composition for representing the operation management system involved by one embodiment of the present invention
Read figure.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for the processing step for representing the Train Approaching alert notification processing involved by the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the traveling in the absence of the adjoint streetcar in the case of branch involved by the embodiment
Entreat the concept map of the action of device.
Fig. 4 is the center for the traveling for illustrating the adjoint streetcar in the case of the presence branch involved by the embodiment
The concept map of the action of device.
Fig. 5 is the center for the traveling for illustrating the adjoint streetcar in the case of the presence branch involved by the embodiment
The concept map of the action of device.
Fig. 6 be the nearest train in front for representing involved by the embodiment be judged as with this train it is equidirectional in the case of
Vehicle headway computational methods concept map.
Fig. 7 is in the case that the nearest train in front for representing involved by the embodiment is judged as with this train opposite direction
Vehicle headway computational methods concept map.
Fig. 8 is the concept map for representing the display example shown by the display terminal of the bus equipment involved by the embodiment.
Embodiment
For the following drawings, one embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
In the operation management system as embodiments of the present invention a example, ground installation has following work(
Energy:Based on the range information from receptions such as ground installations, the current location of online train is grasped, considers train length, fork
Device opens direction etc., is detected between multiple trains close.Thereby, it is possible to the command terminal to centrally located order room, arbitrarily
Train bus equipment notice alarm, driver, instruction person is known Train Approaching.Ranks are especially being entered by driver
In streetcar of the control of car etc., using the operation management system both deposited, also can for the leading train not considered in the past
It is enough to notify close to alarm.The new cost for preparing equipment is not produced therefore, it is possible to realize, the close of front train also calls attention to,
It is improved security.
Hereinafter, it is explained with reference to an embodiment of the operation management system of the present invention.Following embodiment purport
The concrete example of the present invention is being shown, the invention is not limited in these embodiments, in technological thought disclosed in this specification
In the range of those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and amendment.In addition, for illustrating embodiment
All figures in, there is the key element mark same symbol of same function, its repeat specification omits sometimes.
Fig. 1 represents the schematic diagram that the device of the operation management system of present embodiment is formed.In Fig. 1, particular for work
Illustrated for situation existing for 2 branch road branching points of an example of the branch of streetcar.
Ground installation 50 possesses the messaging resources such as CPU and memory.CPU plays work as arithmetic processing apparatus
With, according to storage program in memory, operational parameter etc., the action to ground installation 50 is controlled for it.
In addition, ground installation 50 possesses the transmitting device for the transmitting-receiving that information data is carried out with bus equipment 11, and and ground
Equipment 20~22 connects.The transmitting device of ground installation 50 receives the ground that the bus equipment 11 carried from streetcar 10 is sent
Face equipment relative distance information.Ground installation 20~22 is to be laid in being carried out with bus equipment 11 for defined block section
The loop coil of transmission, it is the wireless transmission means in narrow domain.Ground installation relative distance information is online train and ground installation
Between range information.
The ground installation relative distance information sent from bus equipment 11 is sent to ground via radio communication device 60
Device 50.That is, the transmitting device of ground installation 50 or the car via the reception of ground installation 20 positioned at the surface of ground installation 20
The information of upper device 11, or the information via several meters of scope before and after the reception bus equipment 11 of radio communication device 60.
Bus equipment 11, which has, is not only the surface of the ground installation 20 earthward device also in the range of front and rear several meters
The function of 50 side transmission informations.From bus equipment 11, earthward the transmission of device 50 ground installation is relative in the range of front and rear several meters
In the case of range information, from bus equipment 11, via radio communication device 60, earthward device 50 is transmitted.
Ground installation 50 according to the ground installation relative distance information transmitted from bus equipment 11, or detection train online in
Whether the situation of certain block section, or detection have other trains travelling or stopping in the block section.
In addition, in the present embodiment, ground installation relative distance information can also be to the branch in front of this train
Information be route open that directional information takes in line position information.It is but open-minded in routes such as the sections of no branch
Directional information has no if necessary, can not also consider that route opens direction letter as ground installation relative distance information
Breath.
In addition, the streetcar 12 and streetcar 14 shown in Fig. 1 also have the composition same with streetcar 10.This
Outside, there is also streetcar 10, streetcar 12 and streetcar 14 are referred to as into train 10 come situation about illustrating.In addition,
There is also streetcar 10 is referred to as into this train 10, will be referred to as orientation positioned at the train 12 of the direct of travel of this train 10
Train 12, will positioned at the train 14 in the front of branch point 40 be referred to as antiposition direction train 14 situation.
Central means 71 possess the messaging resources such as CPU and memory.CPU plays work as arithmetic processing apparatus
With, according to storage program in memory, operational parameter etc., the action to central means 100 is controlled for it.
In addition, central means 71 are shown with being connected the display terminal 72 that display picture is shown in display picture
State, the control result of ground installation 50.In addition, central means 71 have the accumulation mechanism of daily record, it is assumed that accident etc. occurs
In the case of, can the information based on the daily record accumulated, traced to the past to verify train position information.
Central means 71 are connected with radio communication device 60, via radio communication device 60, from streetcar 10 to center
Device 71 transmits train position information.
Then, reference picture 2 come illustrate the Train Approaching alert notification of central means 71 handle.Fig. 2 is to represent central means
The flow chart of 71 Train Approaching alert notification processing.In addition, the Train Approaching alert notification processing shown in Fig. 2 may not be
Performed by central means 71 but performed by bus equipment 11 or ground installation 50, can also be by each device cooperated Lai
Perform the processing of Train Approaching alert notification.Hereinafter, although being illustrated so that central means 71 are subject, in fact, being based on
Program is performed following processing by the CPU of central means 71.
As shown in Fig. 2 central means 71 are based on the ground installation relative distance information transmitted from ground installation 50, to judge
Whether there is online train (S101) near this train.Specifically, central means 71 are believed based on ground installation relative distance
Breath, to determine whether there is in the block section that the train beyond this train is invaded at this train.
In step s 102, in the case where the block section has branch, central means 71 are also contemplated in front of this train
Route open that directional information considered in line position information, to judge whether have near this train in alignment
Car.That is, in the case where the block section includes branch, the entry direction that judges this train is the orientation of branch or anti-
Position direction, and determine whether there is the train beyond this train and invade entry direction in block section.
In step S101, in the case where being judged to having online train near this train, central means 71 obtain
The vehicle headway (S102) of this train and the nearest train in front.On the computational methods of the vehicle headway in step S103, rear
Face is described in detail.
On the other hand, in step s 103, in the case where being judged to there is no online train near this train, center
The end of device 71 is handled.
After central means 71 get the vehicle headway of this train and the nearest train in front in step s 103, according to from
The online information that bus equipment 11 receives via radio communication device 60, to judge whether train is same with this train recently in front
Direction (S103).
In step s 103, in front nearest train be judged as with this train it is equidirectional in the case of, central means 71
Pair with the vehicle headway of the nearest train in front correction train length (S104).On the correction of the train length in step S104,
Illustrate in detail below.
In step s 103, the nearest train in front not with this train it is equidirectional i.e. front recently train be judged as with
In the case of this train opposite direction, central means 71 perform step S105 processing.
In step S105, central means 71 judge whether train is being allowed in vehicle headway (S105) recently in front.
, can also be according to the speed or the speed of leading train of this train or the speed relatively of this train and leading train in step S106
Degree, allows vehicle headway to calculate, and vehicle headway is allowed in decision.In addition, vehicle headway is allowed both to be used as safety upper preferred
Vehicle headway and it is prespecified, can also suitably be changed according to above-mentioned speed, relative distance etc..
In step S105, in front, nearest train is judged as in the case of allow in vehicle headway, center dress
71 any one or all notices (step S106) close to after alarm to the display terminal of this train and leading train are put,
End is handled.
On the other hand, in step s 106, in front, nearest train is judged as and is not located at allowing in vehicle headway
In the case of, the end of central means 71 processing.
Then, reference picture 3~5 come illustrate with streetcar 10 traveling central means 71 action.Fig. 3 is represented
The situation of branch is not present between streetcar 10 and streetcar 12.Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is represented in streetcar 10 and road surface electricity
Branch be present between car 12.
As shown in figure 3, in the case of branch is not present between streetcar 10 and streetcar 12, in above-mentioned step
In S101, detect and allow whether have train online in the range of vehicle headway the front end from this train.From this train
Front end rise and allow to have train online in the range of vehicle headway in the case of, to this train and in allowing vehicle headway
In the range of front nearest train notice alarm.But even if notified close to alarm and the interval of train continue exist
In the case of allowing below vehicle headway, Train Approaching alarm is periodically notified for the train of both sides.
In addition, as shown in figure 4, in the case of branch being present between streetcar 10 and streetcar 12, each road is considered
The direction of the route of face electric car, to detect whether front has other trains.Route be orientation in the case of, monitoring with
Whether the distance of the train of orientation is being allowed in vehicle headway.But with the distance of the train in antiposition direction even in appearance
Perhaps do not detected as Train Approaching in vehicle headway yet.
In addition, as shown in figure 5, branch be present between streetcar 10 and streetcar 12.Now, each road surface electricity is considered
The direction of the route of car, to detect whether front has other trains.In the case where route is antiposition direction, monitoring and antiposition
Whether the distance of the train in direction is being allowed in vehicle headway.But with the distance of the train of orientation even in allowing car
Between do not detect as Train Approaching in distance yet.
Show that the nearest train in front is judged as the correction side of the train length with this train in the case of equidirectional in Fig. 6
Method.As shown in fig. 6, distance between ground installation (distance of ground installation 20 and ground installation 21) is set to L4, by this train (road
Face electric car 10) ground installation relative distance (a)-(b) between distance be set to L1, by the nearest train in front (streetcar 12)
Distance between ground installation relative distance (d)-(e) is set to L3, and the nearest train length in front is set into L5.
Acquired vehicle headway L (not shown) can be calculated by following formula (1) in Fig. 2 step S103.
【Formula 1】
L=(L4+L3)-L1 (1)
Then, the vehicle headway after the correction in Fig. 2 step S105 can be calculated by following formula (2).
【Formula 2】
L2=(L4+L3)-L1-L5 (2)
That is, in above-mentioned formula (1), due to when calculating vehicle headway, not considering the train length of streetcar 12, because
Before this vehicle headway L calculated turns into the front end of direct of travel and the direct of travel of streetcar 12 of streetcar 10
The length (L2+L5) at end.But the actual vehicle headway L2 of this train and the nearest train in front is the direct of travel of this train
Front end and the nearest train in front rear end distance.Therefore, as shown in formula (2), by subtracting front row recently from formula (1)
The train length L5 of car, so as to correctly calculate the vehicle headway of streetcar 10 and streetcar 12.
For example it is assumed that the nearest train length L5 in front is 120m, police is notified in the case where vehicle headway L2 is below 60m
Report.In this case, by the vehicle headway L that above-mentioned formula (1) calculates due to not considering front train length L5 recently, thus
As the nearest train length L5 in front 120m obtained value is added with the vehicle headway of reality.Thus, for example vehicle headway L is
200m, although to notify that the value of alarm is more than 60m, actual vehicle headway L2 is 40m (200m-120m), turn into 60m with
Under.Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in above-mentioned formula (2), the vehicle headway train length L5 nearest to front as reality
Take in, thus, it is possible to correctly calculate vehicle headway L2, be necessary to ensure that safe timing notice alarm.
Train length of the front recently in the case of train and this train opposite direction is shown in Fig. 7.As shown in fig. 7, by ground
Face equipment room distance is set to L4, and the distance between ground installation relative distance (a)-(b) of this train (streetcar 10) is set to
L1, the distance between ground installation relative distance (d)-(c) of the nearest train in front (streetcar 12) is set to L3.
Acquired vehicle headway can be calculated by following formula (3) in Fig. 2 step S103.
【Formula 3】
L2=L4-L1-L3 (3)
As shown in fig. 7, in the case of the nearest train in front and this train opposite direction, due to train length need not be considered,
Therefore the vehicle headway of streetcar 10 and streetcar 12 can correctly be calculated by above-mentioned formula (3).
In addition, in the present invention, in the case of the train being made up of multiple vehicles, can correctly calculate between train
Distance, even the train being made up of 1 vehicle, also following distance can correctly be calculated by above-mentioned formula (2) and formula (3)
From.In the case of the train being made up of 1 vehicle, train length and Vehicle length are synonymous.
Then, reference picture 8 illustrates the display example shown by the display terminal of bus equipment 11.Such as Fig. 8 display example 80A
It is shown, in the display picture of display terminal, comprising row vehicle headway show 801, alarm show 802, front show 803 and
Rear shows 804.
Row vehicle headway shows 801 displays and the nearest train or the nearest train at this train rear in front of this train
Vehicle headway.Alarm shows that 802 turn into set in advance in the case of following in vehicle headway, shows for driver
Call attention to the close alarm of train.Front show 803 expression trains be close to front.Rear shows 804 expression trains
Be close to rear.
For example, display example 80B is represented in the close situation of the nearest train in the front of this train.As shown a 80B institute
Show, the vehicle headway of this train and nearest train is shown as row vehicle headway and shows 801, alarm show 802 and front show
Show that 803 are lit.
In addition, display example 80C is represented in the close situation of the nearest train in the rear of this train.As shown a 80C institute
Show, the vehicle headway of this train and nearest train is shown as row vehicle headway and shows 801, alarm show 802 and rear show
Show that 804 are lit.
As described above, by making display terminal show display example 80B or display example 80C, so as to driving
Member calls attention to the close of train.In Fig. 8 display example, it is shown that row vehicle headway shows that 801, alarm shows 802, front
Display 803 and rear show 804, but can not also show all and only show row vehicle headway and show 801, only show alarm
Display 803 or rear show any one of 804 in front of showing 802 or only showing.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, paid attention to by lighting the display of display terminal to arouse driver, but also may be used
To be exported by sound to notify alarm.For example, detecting nearest train already close in the case of, can also output
After audio warning, to being that information, the information of vehicle headway at front rear carry out sound output.
In addition, on identical direct of travel travel in 2 Train Approachings in the case of, can also be shown as follows:Only
To follow-up train notice close to the situation of leading train, parking toll is urged to the bus equipment of follow-up train.In addition,
All train can be notified to approach leading train and follow-up train, parking toll is urged to the bus equipment of two trains.This
Outside, all train can also be notified to approach leading train and follow-up train, carries out urging stopping control in follow-up train
It has been shown that, carry out urging display of acceleration control etc. in order to avoid close in leading train, variety classes is shown according to train
Alarm.For example, in the case where leading train is accelerated, the braking of follow-up train can be saved.
In addition, in operation, in order to which confusion does not occur, it may be desirable to without generally being run close to notice.
Accordingly it is also possible to (acceleration, added relatively according to the traveling section of each train, riding rate, speed, relative velocity and its rate of change
Speed), at least one of direction, acceleration and deceleration performance or the train species etc. of traveling, from secure context, the selection of operation aspect
Stopping/acceleration control is relatively easy to train, and alarm is notified in the forward direction of the Train Approaching vehicle preparation property.In addition, even if
The alarm of preparation property is not notified to the both sides of 2 trains, by the traveling section based on above-mentioned each train, riding rate etc., only
The train of one side is notified avoid proximity to it, also can just be solved close to notice without the train to the opposing party
Certainly.
In addition it is also possible to change the timing of notice alarm according to each block section.For example, defined block section it
In, because line interval sight is preferable, curve section sight is poor, therefore can be difficult to pacify compared with line interval in curve section
Acceleration and deceleration are carried out to train entirely.In this case, can also be than in line interval in the case of notifying alarm in curve section
The situation of notice alarm notifies alarm earlier.In addition in the case of the relatively low vehicle of acceleration and deceleration performance, performance can also be compared
Higher vehicle notifies alarm earlier.Alternatively, it is also possible to the performance etc. according to the presence or absence of curve section, vehicle, to above-mentioned
Vehicle headway is allowed to be calculated or corrected.
As described above, according to present embodiment, it can realize and train close to during carry out alarm, is more precisely being visited
Measuring car approaches.In addition, alarm is notified by any one train into the train to be approached or two trains, so as to
There is provided security higher system.
More than, to the operation management system of Train Approaching alarm function with the present invention and the embodiment party of ground installation
Formula is illustrated.Above-mentioned embodiment is intended to show that the concrete example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments,
Those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and repair in the range of technological thought disclosed in this specification
Just.
Symbol description
10th, 12,14 streetcar
11st, 13,15 bus equipment
20th, 21,22 ground installation
40 fork devices
50 ground installations
60 radio communication devices
70 operation management systems
71 central means
72 display terminals
Claims (9)
1. a kind of operation management system, possesses:
The multiple ground installations of specified interval possessed;With
Bus equipment, it is equipped on multiple vehicles, and is communicated when by the ground installation with the ground installation,
The operation management system is characterised by,
Based on the relative distance information of the range information between the ground installation, the ground installation with the vehicle, Yi Jisuo
State the train length of vehicle, come calculate between the multiple vehicle close to distance,
In the case of the nearest train in front of this train and described train is equidirectional, by the distance between the ground installation
Information and the ground installation are added with the relative distance information of the nearest train in the front, subtract the ground installation
With the train length of the nearest train of relative distance information and the front of described train, to calculate described train and institute
State front recently train close to distance,
Fork device between the nearest train in front of described train and described train be present, nearest train exists in the front
In the case of the opening on direction of the fork device, described train and the nearest train in the front are calculated close to distance.
2. operation management system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Calculated it is described close to distance for described train allowing in advance and the nearest train in the front close to away from
In the case of allowing below vehicle headway,
Notice represents the close alarm of other vehicles.
3. operation management system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
It is described close to alarm based on what is notified, train is controlled by the driver of the nearest train of described train or the front
Driving.
4. operation management system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Calculated it is described close to distance for described train allowing in advance and the nearest train in the front close to away from
In the case of allowing below vehicle headway,
Notified to any one party of the nearest train of described train and the front close to alarm.
5. operation management system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
The direction in traveling section, riding rate, speed, acceleration, traveling based on the nearest train of described train and the front,
Acceleration and deceleration performance or train species at least any one, to select to notify the train close to alarm.
6. operation management system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Calculated it is described close to distance for described train allowing in advance and the nearest train in the front close to away from
In the case of allowing below vehicle headway,
In the nearest train of described train and the front, different types of alarm is notified.
7. operation management system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The display terminal of the bus equipment is set to show comprising the close of expression other vehicles close alarm
Alarm picture.
8. operation management system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Make expression and other vehicles vehicle headway and with the information of the position relationship close to vehicle with it is described close to alarm one
Rise be shown in it is described close to alarm picture.
9. a kind of operation management method of operation management system, the operation management system possess:
The multiple ground installations of specified interval possessed;With
Bus equipment, it is equipped on multiple vehicles, and is communicated when by the ground installation with the ground installation,
The operation management method is characterised by, including:
Whether the nearest train in front for judging this train and described train is equidirectional step;
In the case of the nearest train in front of described train and described train is equidirectional, based between the ground installation
Range information, the ground installation and the relative distance information of the vehicle and the train length of the vehicle, to calculate
Between the multiple vehicle close to apart from the step of;
In the case of fork device between the nearest train in front of described train and described train being present, the front is judged
Nearest train whether the fork device the step opened on direction;With
In the nearest train in the front in the case of fork the opening on direction of device, calculate described train with it is described before
Side recently train close to apart from the step of.
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CN107571890B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-06-30 | 杭州久智自动化技术有限公司 | Intelligent rail transit system |
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CN102616255A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-01 | 铁道部运输局 | CTC (centralized traffic control) management method and system of high-speed railway |
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CN105835911A (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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