CN1058325C - 自成孔和螺纹的螺钉以及螺钉拧入的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
自成孔和螺纹的螺钉(1)设有一个收缩成尖头的、无切屑成孔的端部(2)、一个带有螺纹(3)的杆部(4)和一个夹持部分(5)。无切屑成孔的端部(2)逐渐变细直到顶端。整个螺钉都由一种不锈材料制成，特别是也包括端部(2)。通过螺钉(1)的旋转在工件(7)上无切屑地成孔，接着通过螺钉(1)本身在工件上形成螺纹。
Description
本发明述及一种自成孔和螺纹的螺钉，带一个收缩成尖头或类似于尖头形状的，无切屑地形成孔的端部、一个带螺纹的杆部和一个用来装工具的夹持部分，以及涉及一种自成孔和螺纹螺钉的拧入方法。
对于自己钻孔或无切屑地形成孔的自攻螺纹螺钉，至今为止很自然形成孔的端部由一种可淬硬的材料(碳钢)制成。如果螺钉杆的头部和身部必须由不锈材料制成的话，这常常是一种昂贵的办法。因此采用焊接的方法，其中由可淬硬材料(碳素钢)制成的钻尖和螺钉的其余部分焊在一起。
由此不仅要求多道工序，而且也造成特别高的制造费用。
因此本发明的目的在于，在螺钉由不锈材料制成时制造一种可能性用它可以形成孔，而不必为此采用不同材料的焊接方案。
按照本发明建议，无切屑地成孔的，与螺钉轴线成锐角的、逐渐变细直到顶端的螺钉端部由一种不锈材料制成。
具有开头所述结构形式的螺钉在一些结构方案中已经众所周知。例如在US-PS2015159中展示和描述了一种紧固件，它具有一个钉尖和在杆部具有相应螺纹。通过用锤子的敲击尖端穿过薄铁板，接着通过螺纹部分的相应旋转而拧入。这种由一个针尖和一个螺纹部分的组合体在专利申报时期肯定是由一种碳素钢制成的，因为当时还一点没有关于不锈紧固元件的想法。
由EP-B10464071得知一种自成孔和螺纹的螺钉，它具有一个逐渐变细的成孔部分，这里螺钉整体由调质钢制成。通过螺钉的旋转在螺钉和待成孔钢板之间形成一个摩擦表面，使金属板加热，材料进入它的塑性区，这时它在径向变得有一定柔性，使得产生一个预期的、伴随材料压缩而形成的孔的扩大而形成一个喷嘴(形状)。在这种结构中也是碳素钢的方案。
通过本发明第一次创造了一种可能性，用于自攻螺钉的孔用一种由不锈材料制成的相应端部来形成。用一个由不锈材料制成的螺钉成孔，迄今为止在专业界看本是不可能的。常常出发点总是这样的，为了钻或者形成一个孔，需要一个钻削工序或者足够强的发热直至进入塑性区。专业人员肯定是这样想的，用相应的由不锈材料制成的“切削刃”的钻削过程是完全不可能的，为了不用钻削刃形成一个孔那就需要用碳素钢，也就是相应的调质钢。
通过本发明克服了专业界的一个偏见，因为这使得可以用一个由不锈材料制成和甚至包括不锈材料端部的螺钉形成孔、螺纹，并从而可以采用完全由不锈材料制成的紧固件。
因此根据本发明螺钉的各个部分完全由不锈材料制成也是一个特别的特点。
作为不锈材料可以采用不锈钢，但是也可以采用轻金属或轻金属合金或者主要成分是轻金属，假如黄铜、紫铜、铝等等的合金。根据各种特殊的应用目的通过按照本发明的结构得到由专门的材料制成的螺钉的完全特殊的应用可能性。为了从现在起可以适当地选择材料使工件和螺钉相匹配，而不需要特别的焊接方案或者不同材料钻刃刀片的固定。
对于成孔端部可以有不同结构方案，其中根据工件材料以及当然还有螺钉材料的不同得到不同的结构方案。可以想像，无切屑成孔端部由两个或两个以上具有与螺钉轴线成不同角度的部分构成。与此相关也可以设想无切屑成孔端部在横截面内做成三角形或多角形、圆形、椭圆形、等厚形等等。
如果采用一种特殊的螺钉拧入方法，会特别有利，为此按本发明建议，在螺钉作无切屑成孔旋转运动时除旋转驱动以外附加地对螺钉施加一个轴向冲击作用。实际表明附加的冲击作用正好是在使用不锈材料制成的螺钉时特别有利，并能很快地穿透工件而不明显地产生热量。
其次事实证明这样的附加步骤具有好处，仅仅在成孔过程中对螺钉施加冲击作用，而在形成螺纹的旋转过程中和在螺钉拧入螺纹的过程中撤掉冲击作用。如果孔已经完全成形，然后撤去冲击作用，使得可以最佳地形成螺纹。因此正好在螺纹形成时得到最佳的配合，其中孔壁通过先前的成孔过程局部产生弹性变形，使得现在这个孔壁所谓弹性地与螺纹相适应，也有助于这种配合。
下面借助于图形对本发明的其他特征和特别的优点作进一步阐述，它表示：
图1螺钉在用来穿透工件时的视图；
图2在先前成形的孔中形成螺纹以后工件和螺钉的剖视图。
螺钉1由一个收缩成尖头或类似尖头形状的端部2，一个设有螺纹3的杆部4和一个用来装工具的夹持部分5组成。端部2考虑用来在工件7上无切屑地形成孔6，然后带有螺纹3的杆部4在已成形的孔6以及向下拉伸的围成孔的板壁8上形成螺纹。
无切屑地成孔的端部2成锐角地向螺钉轴线9收缩形成。但是螺钉1的显著特征在于，它是由不锈材料制成的。这里已经达到这样的程度，所有各个部分2、4和5、也就是整个螺钉1完全由一种不锈材料制成。
作为不锈材料可以采用不锈钢结构，但是当然也可以采用轻金属或者轻金属合金以及主要成分是轻金属的合金。例如可以是，按本发明的螺钉1由黄铜、紫铜、铝等等制成，在本发明的范围内也可以想象，这种螺钉由塑料制成，这里可以采用具有适当耐摩性能的塑料，以便此后例如在由塑料或轻金属制成的工件中或者在适当的钢板中形成孔和螺纹。
端部2的专门结构造型可以考虑各种不同的方案。在所画的结构形式中是一个简单的圆锥形尖头。但是也可以将这种无切屑成孔端部2做成三棱锥形的，或者假如截圆锥形或截三棱锥形。试验表明，为了达到有规律的成孔效果，端部2不一定必须做得非常尖，对于无切屑成孔端部2也可以考虑不同的横截面方案。这样横截面可以是三角形或者多角形，圆形、椭圆形、等厚形等等。还可以是，直接的“尖头”本身在顶视图内为圆形、椭圆形、等厚形等等。
如果这种螺钉按照一种特殊的方法拧入的话有好处。如果在螺钉作无切屑成孔旋转时除旋转驱动以外对螺钉施加一个轴向的冲击作用的话，成孔的时间明显地缩短。通过采用具有轴向冲击作用的相应的旋转驱动起到明显加快成孔过程的效果。也可以设想对旋转驱动叠加一个在旋转方向的冲击作用，但是这对效能和成孔时间没有影响。
如果在成孔以后对于后续的螺纹成形和螺钉拧入不再存在轴向冲击作用，使得仅仅存在必要的旋转驱动的话，特别有利。由此在工件内得到明显改善的螺纹配合。
图1中所示的螺钉是一种比较短的螺钉，带一个紧接在圆柱形部分10后面的螺纹部分4以及指在它上面的、一直到达夹持部分5的、没有螺纹的部分11。当然按本发明的措施可以用于各种长度的螺钉，并且在特别长的螺钉时特别地起着有利的影响，因为常常不锈材料制成的螺钉应该做成长螺钉。也可以在螺钉杆的整个长度上做成螺纹部分4或者多段螺纹部分相互间隔一定距离连接在一起，其中螺纹部分也可以具有不同的直径。
Claims (7)
1.自成孔和螺纹螺钉，带有一个收缩成尖头或者类似尖头形状的、无切屑成孔端部，一个设有螺纹的杆部和一个用来装上工具的夹持部分，其特征在于：无切屑成孔的螺钉(1)的端部(2)作为通过带附加轴向冲击的转动而成孔的端部，并且螺钉(1)包括无切屑成孔的端部(2)的所有的部段(2，4，5)完全由一种不锈材料制成。
2.按权利要求1的螺钉，其特征在于：采用不锈钢作为不锈材料。
3.按权利要求1的螺钉，其特征在于：采用轻金属或者轻金属合金或者以轻金属，例如黄铜、紫铜、铝等为主要成份的合金作为不锈材料。
4.按权利要求1的螺钉，其特征在于：无切屑成孔端部(2)由两段或两段以上与螺钉轴线(9)成不同角度的部分构成。
5.按权利要求1的螺钉，其特征在于，无切屑成孔端部(2)在横截面内做成三角或多角形、圆形、椭圆形、等厚形等。
6.按权利要求1的自成孔和螺纹螺钉的拧入方法，其特征在于，在螺钉(1)无切屑成孔旋转时除旋转驱动外附加地对螺钉(1)施加一个轴向冲击作用。
7.按权利要求6的方法，其特征在于：仅仅在成孔过程中对螺钉(1)施加冲击作用，在成螺纹和螺钉(1)拧入螺纹旋转过程中撤除冲击作用。
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| DEP4445815.0 | 1994-12-21 |
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| CN1058325C true CN1058325C (zh) | 2000-11-08 |
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| JP (1) | JPH10500474A (zh) |
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| AU (1) | AU702314B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2208703A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ177697A3 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE4445815C2 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI110023B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL184420B1 (zh) |
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| DE19840298A1 (de) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-16 | Ejot Verbindungstech Gmbh & Co | Selbstgewindeformende Schraube aus Leichtmetall und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| US6854237B2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2005-02-15 | Steeler Inc. | Structural walls |
| CN1297454C (zh) | 2001-11-07 | 2007-01-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 贮存易于聚合的化合物的储罐及贮存的方法 |
| US20030196401A1 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-23 | Matt Surowiecki | Wall construction |
| US20030202857A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | Lowry Joseph William | Screw-nail member, anchoring device, and articles using same |
| CN101573078B (zh) * | 2004-11-15 | 2011-10-12 | 斯坎迪乌斯生物医药公司 | 用于修复肌腱套（rtc）腱或韧带的设备 |
| DE102004057568A1 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Halter und Verfahren zur Befestigung von Leitungen an Leichtbauelementen von Verkehrsmitteln, insbesondere an Sandwichplatten von Luftfahrzeugen |
| JP2007278350A (ja) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-25 | Sumitomo Kinzoku Kozan Siporex Kk | パネル取付用ボルト類 |
| DE102006034583A1 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Loch- und gewindeformende Schraube |
| DE102006034584A1 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Loch- und gewindeformende Schraube |
| DE102006034585A1 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Loch- und gewindeformende Schraube |
| US20090028665A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Essence Method Refine Co., Ltd. | High screwing screw |
| US20090136319A1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Threaded screw fastener |
| DE202008000574U1 (de) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-05-28 | Hilleke, Stefan | Verbindungseinrichtung |
| DE102008014840A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-10 | Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG | Befestigungselement |
| DE102008033509A1 (de) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-01-14 | Arnold Umformtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schraube |
| DE202009009651U1 (de) * | 2009-07-15 | 2009-09-17 | Acument Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Selbstlochformendes Befestigungselement |
| US20110305540A1 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-15 | Litzinger W C | Impact-drivable screw with elastomer seal and tip highlight |
| DE102010039669A1 (de) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG | Befestigungselement |
| DE102018103205A1 (de) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-08-14 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fügeelement |
| US11248644B2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-02-15 | Raimund Beck Nageltchnik GmbH | Nail screw |
| JP2021099110A (ja) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-07-01 | ソーラーフロンティア株式会社 | 螺子 |
| CN112628266A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 超捷紧固系统(上海)股份有限公司 | 一种摩擦熔穿自挤螺钉 |
| USD986045S1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-05-16 | Primesource Building Products, Inc. | Fastener |
| USD986728S1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-05-23 | Primesource Building Products, Inc. | Fastener |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3156152A (en) * | 1961-09-08 | 1964-11-10 | Reed & Prince Mfg Company | Self-tapping driving screw fastener |
| WO1994025764A1 (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1994-11-10 | BERGHOLTZ, Göran | A screw |
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| DE54903C (de) | THE AMERICAN screw COMPANY in Providence, Rhode Island, V. St. A | Holzschraube mit flachem Hülfsgewinde zwischen den scharfen Go^vindegängen | ||
| US1844823A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1932-02-09 | Rosenberg Heyman | Building structure |
| FR1008781A (fr) * | 1948-05-25 | 1952-05-21 | Vis à bois | |
| JPS5418613Y2 (zh) * | 1975-11-04 | 1979-07-12 | ||
| DE2555647A1 (de) * | 1975-12-11 | 1977-06-16 | Jaeger Eberhard Gmbh | Bohrschraube |
| US4295351A (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1981-10-20 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Self-tapping stainless steel screw and method for producing same |
| US4463753A (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1984-08-07 | Gustilo Ramon B | Compression bone screw |
| JPS5872711A (ja) * | 1981-10-27 | 1983-04-30 | 有限会社新城製作所 | オ−ステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるドリルねじ |
| US4473984A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1984-10-02 | Lopez Donald A | Curtain-wall masonry-veneer anchor system |
| DE3922684A1 (de) * | 1989-03-23 | 1991-01-24 | Jaeger Eberhard Gmbh | Loch- und gewindeformende schraube |
| ATE127200T1 (de) * | 1991-06-04 | 1995-09-15 | Isolink Inc | Befestigungsvorrichtung. |
| US5122132A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-06-16 | Bremer Medical, Inc. | Skull pin with enhanced shear resistance |
| US5199839A (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-04-06 | Abbott-Interfast Corporation | Fastener screw having improved installation and self-locking characteristics |
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1994
- 1994-12-21 DE DE4445815A patent/DE4445815C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-12-18 CA CA002208703A patent/CA2208703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-18 EP EP95941720A patent/EP0799387B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-18 DE DE59509390T patent/DE59509390D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-18 AU AU43049/96A patent/AU702314B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-18 CN CN95196911A patent/CN1058325C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-18 AT AT95941720T patent/ATE202830T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-18 JP JP8519496A patent/JPH10500474A/ja active Pending
- 1995-12-18 PL PL95320854A patent/PL184420B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-18 CZ CZ971776A patent/CZ177697A3/cs unknown
- 1995-12-18 WO PCT/EP1995/004995 patent/WO1996019676A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-18 RU RU97112469A patent/RU2144629C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-18 US US08/849,940 patent/US6428258B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-18 FI FI972607A patent/FI110023B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3156152A (en) * | 1961-09-08 | 1964-11-10 | Reed & Prince Mfg Company | Self-tapping driving screw fastener |
| WO1994025764A1 (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1994-11-10 | BERGHOLTZ, Göran | A screw |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ177697A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| FI110023B (fi) | 2002-11-15 |
| ATE202830T1 (de) | 2001-07-15 |
| EP0799387B1 (de) | 2001-07-04 |
| RU2144629C1 (ru) | 2000-01-20 |
| CA2208703A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
| FI972607A (fi) | 1997-06-18 |
| AU702314B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
| PL184420B1 (pl) | 2002-10-31 |
| PL320854A1 (en) | 1997-11-10 |
| CN1170454A (zh) | 1998-01-14 |
| FI972607A0 (fi) | 1997-06-18 |
| DE4445815A1 (de) | 1996-07-04 |
| DE59509390D1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
| AU4304996A (en) | 1996-07-10 |
| US6428258B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
| EP0799387A1 (de) | 1997-10-08 |
| JPH10500474A (ja) | 1998-01-13 |
| WO1996019676A1 (de) | 1996-06-27 |
| DE4445815C2 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
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