CN105823728A - Femtosecond laser high-speed digital microscopic imaging method and apparatus based on coherent receiver - Google Patents
Femtosecond laser high-speed digital microscopic imaging method and apparatus based on coherent receiver Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed digital microscopic imaging method and apparatus based on a digital coherent receiver. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting femtosecond laser light to filtering and gain dispersion and then dividing the femtosecond laser light into signal light and reference light; subjecting the signal light to diffraction space dispersion, then allowing the signal light to enter a lens imaging system and allowing the signal light to return along an optical path after carrying of sample information; and allowing the signal light and the reference light to enter the digital coherent receiver for coherence, carrying out acquisition by using a high-speed oscilloscope and demodulating and recovering an image in virtue of a computerized algorithm. Compared with CCD and CMOS image controllers extensively applied in the prior art, the method and apparatus provided by the invention have the advantages that an ultrahigh 100 MHZ frame rate can be obtained as same-magnitude imaging resolution is guaranteed; and all-digital data acquisition based on the digital coherent receiver is beneficial for later real-time analysis and image optimization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro-imaging technique field, be specifically related to ultrafast imaging technique, relate more specifically to a kind of high-speed figure micro imaging method based on digital coherent receiver.
Background technology
Optical imagery is a kind of instrument being nowadays widely used in detection with diagnosis.The experimental work of Today, most is intended to improve the spatial resolution of image-forming detecting system；Closer, be applied to detect the trickle dynamic processes such as optics rogue's ripple, cytometaplasia, neural change has high-resolution imaging system the most highly important in time, at a high speed and have the imaging system of high time resolution, for biochemist, the research work of the minor variations of cell tissue is had the most important meaning.
CCD and cmos image sensor are most widely used technology in photoimaging systems now.It has the advantages such as micron-sized spatial resolution, substantial amounts of imaging pixel, higher cost performance.In daily life, the general frame per second that only can have 30HZ of both imagers.Although the frame per second of 1KHZ can be obtained by reducing pixel quantity, but image quality will necessarily be reduced.There is bigger restriction each other in the pixel sensitivity of this imager i.e. capturing ability of pixel and picture scanning frequency.Wanting to ensure that image is the most clearly that pixel is the sensitiveest, the rate of scanning of corresponding picture must be the lowest；If on the contrary, the rate of scanning of picture is the highest, then the pull-in time of pixel is the shortest, picture also will be the most unintelligible.Limiting mutually between this sensitivity and frame per second the most almost affects all of imaging system.
Therefore, it is badly in need of finding a kind of new optical image technology and adapts to modern experimental work or the needs of actual production.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present inventor is through studying for a long period of time, a kind of femtosecond laser high-speed figure micro imaging method based on coherent receiver is proposed, it can be greatly improved the rate of scanning of picture on the premise of ensureing shooting clear degree, and the output of the most digital information also allows for later stage optimization and processes.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of femtosecond laser high-speed figure micro imaging method based on coherent receiver, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1. femtosecond laser is filtered becomes flashlight and reference light with one-to-two after Gain Dispersion.
S2. flashlight first scatters through diffraction space, enters lens imaging system afterwards, carries sample message tailing edge light path and returns.
S3. loaded the flashlight of sample message and reference light first to mate and polarization beat length is to meet coherent condition through light path, tap into integrated coherent receiver the most together and complete digital coherent, by the output that high-speed ADC module converter is digital information, gathered digital coherence data by high-speed oscilloscope afterwards, finally store data in computer and demodulate restored image via programmed algorithm.
Wherein, step S1, particularly as follows: femtosecond laser first filtered device filtering, completes Gain Dispersion Fourier transformation by dispersive optical fiber and erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and then geometric ratio one-to-two becomes flashlight and reference light.
Wherein, step S2, particularly as follows: flashlight is first by diffraction grating space development, enters lens imaging system afterwards, object lens focuses on sample, completes the loading procedure of information, then reflects the relevant acquisition system of entrance；Reference light connects delay line and enters relevant acquisition system.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of imaging device realizing said method, it is characterised in that including: femtosecond light source, diffraction grating, dispersive optical fiber, digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope；Described femtosecond light source, dispersive optical fiber, diffraction grating, digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope sequentially connect the main body frame with a whole set of imaging system of composition, to complete the whole imaging process of data coherency collection and recovery in load information on light source frequency domain, the Fourier transformation of frequency domain to time domain, time domain；Described femtosecond light source has high repetition frequency and the mode locking pulse output of tens psecs of persistent period of about 100MHz as imaging source；A branch of spatial light can be scattered successively by described diffraction grating by frequency size；Broadening in femtosecond pulse time domain to nanosecond order, its effect are equivalent to the Fourier transformation of broad band laser frequency domain to time domain by described dispersive optical fiber；Described digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope complete the pictorial information relevant collection with digital form.
Further, described device also includes: the optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller, circulator, spatial light collimating lens, space, λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate, diffraction grating, 4F battery of lens, photo-coupler, optical delay line, spectrogrph；The described optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller, circulator, spatial light collimating lens, space, λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate, diffraction grating, 4F battery of lens are spatially sequentially connected, form the most concrete imaging system, the return output port of circulator connects photo-coupler, optical delay line successively, another output termination spectrogrph of photo-coupler；The described optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller are used for the polarization state of control signal light and reference light；Laser is become parallel space light by described spatial light collimating lens；Space, described λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate are used for changing the polarization state before flashlight enters imaging system；Described 4F battery of lens completes the focal imaging of flashlight；Described optical delay line is used for the light path of matched signal light and reference light；The flashlight having loaded sample message is divided two-way by described bonder, and a road is input to described spectrogrph so that laboratory observation, and a road sequentially takes back system and completes digital coherent with reference light, is finally restored by computerized algorithm demodulation.
The embodiment of the present invention contrasts and has the following advantages and effect for two kinds of image controllers of wide variety of CCD and CMOS in daily life now: under the frame per second of great hundred MHz magnitudes, can guarantee that imaging photo resolution out and CCD and CMOS chip imager reach equal magnitude, and just because of the high repetition frequency of femtosecond pulse 100MHz, this system can also be used to observe the micro-variations of a few near real-time；Digital data acquisition based on digital coherent receiver, it is the digital information about shooting sample that the present embodiment can obtain, and is very beneficial for control sample and digital information is done analysis in real time and the image recovered does various optimization process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is based on the structural representation of the femtosecond laser high-speed figure microcosmic imaging device based on coherent receiver of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is based on the digital coherent receiver principle structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the power drives schematic diagram of digital coherent receiver.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.Additionally, protection scope of the present invention only should not limited to following concrete module or design parameter.
Present invention time domain broadening based on dispersion Fourier transform imaging technique has been obtained invention with widely studied as a kind of high speed micro-imaging technique being likely applied to cell real-time monitored.
In the present invention, a kind of femtosecond laser high-speed figure microcosmic formation method based on coherent receiver comprises the following steps:
S1. femtosecond laser is filtered becomes flashlight and reference light with one-to-two after Gain Dispersion.
S2. flashlight first scatters through diffraction space, enters lens imaging system afterwards, carries sample message tailing edge light path and returns.
S3. flashlight accesses digital coherent receiver together with reference light and completes to be concerned with, after gathered by high-speed oscilloscope, finally demodulate restored image through computer algorithm.
Above-mentioned S1 concretely comprises the following steps: connect wave filter, dispersive optical fiber, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, adjustable attenuator, one-to-two bonder after femto-second laser successively, to complete the filtering to laser instrument Output of laser, gain, dispersion, one-to-two becomes flashlight and reference light afterwards.
Described femto-second laser centre wavelength is in C-band, pulse recurrence frequency 100MHZ, pulse duration several psec.
The dispersion measure of described dispersive optical fiber is equivalent to 40km single-mode fiber, can be by pulse stretching to nanosecond.
Above-mentioned S2 concretely comprises the following steps: connect laser collimator lens, diffraction grating, convex lens, sample, reflecting mirror after flashlight successively, first laser is transferred to parallel space light, then scatter in space, focused on the loading completing sample message on sample afterwards by object lens, be finally reflected back optical fiber circuit by reflecting mirror.
Described diffraction grating is the grating of every millimeter of 1200 lines, contrasts the grating of common 600 lines, it is possible to obtain the bigger spatial light angle of diffraction i.e. spatial resolution.
The process of described smooth load sample information is that a branch of directional light is after diffraction grating scatters, and the light of different frequency is irradiated to positions different on sample, carries the information on sample diverse location.
More specifically, as it is shown in figure 1, femtosecond laser high-speed figure microcosmic formation method based on coherent receiver comprises three parts.One is the process of femtosecond laser: the laser of femto-second laser 1 outgoing is first filtered by wave filter 2, selected center wavelength 1550nm and suitably spectral width.Dispersive optical fiber 3, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, adjustable attenuator 5 complete suitable Gain Dispersion to filtered laser, by femtosecond pulse broadening to nanosecond order.The laser processed is flashlight and reference light through three-dB coupler 6 one-to-two.
Two is the information loading procedure of flashlight: flashlight first through Polarization Controller 10 and the optical fiber polarizer 11 with the inclined and maximum light intensity of the line ensureing spatial light.Then flashlight is imported follow-up spatial light imaging system by circulator 12, laser collimator lens 13.Space, λ/4 wave plate 14 and the wave plate group of space, λ/2 wave plate 15, can arbitrarily change the polarization state of spatial light.Spatial light can be scattered successively by diffraction grating 16 by wavelength size, then focuses on sample through battery of lens 17, finally by plane mirror 19, the flashlight having loaded sample message is reflected back optical fiber.
Three is digital coherent and image restoring: the flashlight having loaded information comes back to optical fiber loop through circulator 12, afterwards through bonder 20 one-to-two, the light of 1% connects spectrogrph and is easy to the spectrum change of observation signal light, and the light of 99% accesses digital coherent acquisition module 23 after connecing Polarization Controller 21；The reference light separated by three-dB coupler 6 sequentially passes through fibre delay line 7, Polarization Controller 8, the optical fiber polarizer 9, digital coherent acquisition module 23, complete light path coupling of two-way light with this and ensure that the line of reference light is partially and largest light intensity, last and flashlight completes digital coherent, and acquisition module gathers coherence data.Computer 24 stores gathering the coherence data obtained, and is restored sample artwork by algorithm demodulation.
The structural principle of the concrete digital coherent acquisition module in femtosecond laser high-speed figure microcosmic formation method based on coherent receiver is as shown in Figure 2, flashlight and reference light are respectively through polarization beam apparatus 2301, polarization beam apparatus 2302, separating the light field of X and Y-direction, X, Y light field of flashlight and reference light respectively enters 90 ° of optical mixers 2303,2304 and is mixed afterwards.The flashlight information of complete X, Y polarization direction just can be obtained after mixing.X, Y two polarization direction field information respectively by photodetector 2305,2306,2307,2308 detect, then received conversion by analog-digital converter 2309, finally gathered by high-speed oscilloscope 2310.Wherein the concrete structure of 90 ° of optical mixers is as shown in Fig. 2 lower right corner, the flashlight of X-direction polarization is through three-dB coupler 301 one-to-two, the reference light of X-direction polarization is through three-dB coupler 303 one-to-two, a part of flashlight couples through three-dB coupler 302 with a part of reference light, and output light field is through the real part of balanced detector 306 detection output complex signal；A part of reference light, first through polarization rotator 305 half-twist, then couples through three-dB coupler 304 with another part flashlight, and output light field, through the imaginary part of balanced detector 307 detection output complex signal, can be restored the flashlight information of X-direction polarization by these two parts.
The above; being only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art is appreciated that in the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention defined without departing substantially from claims, can make various amendment in form and details.
Claims (10)
1. a femtosecond laser high-speed figure micro imaging method based on coherent receiver, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1. femtosecond laser is filtered becomes flashlight and reference light with one-to-two after Gain Dispersion；
S2. flashlight first scatters through diffraction space, enters lens imaging system afterwards, carries sample message tailing edge light path and returns；
S3. loaded the flashlight of sample message and reference light first to mate and polarization beat length is to meet coherent condition through light path, tap into integrated coherent receiver the most together and complete digital coherent, by the output that high-speed ADC module converter is digital information, gathered digital coherence data by high-speed oscilloscope afterwards, finally store data in computer and demodulate restored image via programmed algorithm.
Femtosecond laser high-speed figure micro imaging method based on coherent receiver the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step S1 is particularly as follows: femtosecond laser first filtered device filters, completing Gain Dispersion Fourier transformation by dispersive optical fiber and erbium-doped fiber amplifier, then geometric ratio one-to-two becomes flashlight and reference light.
Femtosecond laser high-speed figure micro imaging method based on coherent receiver the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step S2 is particularly as follows: flashlight is first by diffraction grating space development, rear entrance lens imaging system, focused on sample by object lens, complete the loading procedure of information, then reflect the relevant acquisition system of entrance；Reference light connects delay line and enters relevant acquisition system.
4. one kind realizes the imaging device of method as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that including: femtosecond light source, diffraction grating, dispersive optical fiber, digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope；Described femtosecond light source, dispersive optical fiber, diffraction grating, digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope sequentially connect the main body frame with a whole set of imaging system of composition, to complete the whole imaging process of data coherency collection and recovery in load information on light source frequency domain, the Fourier transformation of frequency domain to time domain, time domain.
Imaging device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described femtosecond light source has high repetition frequency and the mode locking pulse output of tens psecs of persistent period of about 100MHz as imaging source.
Imaging device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: a branch of spatial light can be scattered successively by described diffraction grating by frequency size；
Imaging device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: broadening in femtosecond pulse time domain to nanosecond order, its effect are equivalent to the Fourier transformation of broad band laser frequency domain to time domain by described dispersive optical fiber.
Imaging device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described digital integration coherent receiver and high-speed oscilloscope complete the pictorial information relevant collection with digital form.
Imaging device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include: the optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller, circulator, spatial light collimating lens, space, λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate, diffraction grating, 4F battery of lens, photo-coupler, optical delay line, spectrogrph；The described optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller, circulator, spatial light collimating lens, space, λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate, diffraction grating, 4F battery of lens are spatially sequentially connected, and form the most concrete imaging system.
Imaging device the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the return output port of circulator connects photo-coupler, optical delay line successively, another output termination spectrogrph of photo-coupler；The described optical fiber polarizer, Polarization Controller are used for the polarization state of control signal light and reference light；Laser is become parallel space light by described spatial light collimating lens；Space, described λ/4 wave plate, space, λ/2 wave plate are used for changing the polarization state before flashlight enters imaging system；Described 4F battery of lens completes the focal imaging of flashlight；Described optical delay line is used for the light path of matched signal light and reference light；The flashlight having loaded sample message is divided two-way by described bonder, and a road is input to described spectrogrph so that laboratory observation, and another road sequentially takes back system and completes digital coherent with reference light, is finally restored by computerized algorithm demodulation.
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| CN106291581A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-01-04 | 上海理工大学 | Ultrafast imaging device based on Optical Time Division Multiplexing and method |
| CN107907050A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-13 | 上海理工大学 | Ultrafast linear scan edge inspection system and method based on difference |
| CN109100304A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉大学 | A kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device and method stretched based on time domain |
| CN110873956A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 暨南大学 | Ultrahigh-speed orthogonal polarization imaging device and method |
| CN110873956B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-07-23 | 暨南大学 | Ultrahigh-speed orthogonal polarization imaging device and method |
| CN110495855A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-26 | 武汉大学 | Cancer cell real-time detection diagnoses and treatment method, apparatus and system |
| CN112033538A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-04 | 华东师范大学 | Ultrafast image device based on spectrum-time mapping |
| CN114279580A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-05 | 天津大学 | Polarization measurement and imaging instrument based on superconducting nanowire single photon detector |
| CN114279580B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-02-02 | 天津大学 | Polarization measurement and imaging instrument based on superconductive nanowire single photon detector |
| CN114326099A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉大学 | One-dimensional high-speed and high-resolution imaging system and real-time molten pool monitoring method based on same |
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