CN109100304A - A kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device and method stretched based on time domain - Google Patents
A kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device and method stretched based on time domain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device and methods stretched based on time domain.Apparatus of the present invention include: femtosecond pulse laser, coupler, first photodetector, arbitrary waveform generator, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, single mode optical fiber, electrooptic modulator, first collimator, first cylindrical lens, first virtual image phased array, first diffraction grating, first plano-convex lens, second plano-convex lens, first microcobjective, observation object, second microcobjective, third plano-convex lens, 4th plano-convex lens, second diffraction grating, second virtual image phased array, second cylindrical lens, second collimator, second photodetector, high-speed oscilloscope, data processing unit.The method of the present invention is designed by the specific spatial position of optical spectrum encoded and optical element that time domain stretching technique is realized, generates predefined two-dimensional structure lighting pattern, and realize continuously acquiring for image by the detection of the single pixel of photodetector and data processing unit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high speed super-resolution imaging fields, more particularly to a kind of single pixel high speed oversubscription stretched based on time domain
Distinguish imaging device and method.
Background technique
Imaging technique is human knowledge one of naturally with the important tool of nature remodeling, at present in numerous fields
It has been widely used.Studying imaging device and method with high spatial and high time resolution is always the mesh that people pursue
One of mark, but current imaging technique discuss respectively mostly how raising spatial resolution single in imaging process or when
Between resolution ratio, fail simultaneously to improve the two, and existing high speed super-resolution device and method cannot achieve for a long time connect
Continuous observation (Xu Shixiang, Chen Wenting, Zeng Xuanke wait the ultrafast framing optical imaging device differentiated between a kind of real-time overhead of).So
And develop for the observation of instantaneous, non-duplicate event such as plasma, high speed cell detection etc. obtains high spatial resolution
Image has great importance for studying these ultrafast continuous process.
The current main method for improving spatial resolution has saturated structures to illuminate microtechnic, the micro- skill of stimulated emission depletion
Art, photoactivation positioning microtechnic and random optical reconstruct microtechnic etc., saturated structures illuminate microtechnic relative to remaining
Although the imaging technique of three kinds of high spatial resolutions prevents take up advantage in the raising degree of spatial resolution, speed is imaged in it
Degree is significantly faster than that the imaging technique of its excess-three kind high spatial resolution.Traditional saturated structures illumination microtechnic uses sky mostly
Between optical modulator come realize the generation of two-dimensional structure lighting pattern imaging resolution is improved in multiple directions in imaging plane,
But its continuous imaging frame speed is limited by spatial light modulator can only achieve KHz, continuous observation nanosecond, picosecond even femtosecond
Transient event under time scale is far from meeting needs.
Therefore, currently there is an urgent need to a kind of fast and stable can generate pre-define can in observation object plane it is more
The device and method that a side is improved upwards the two-dimensional structure lighting pattern of spatial resolution, to realize to instantaneous, non-duplicate event
It is continuous for a long time observe.
Summary of the invention
For existing imaging technique, only single aspect is improved in temporal resolution or spatial resolution mostly, is failed
The problem of improving simultaneously to the two, the invention proposes a kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging dresses stretched based on time domain
It sets and method, while there is the performance of high spatial and high time resolution, and be able to satisfy the requirement of long-time continuous observation, with reality
Now to continuous observation that is instantaneous, having non-duplicate event, the image of high quality is obtained.
The technical solution of apparatus of the present invention is a kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device stretched based on time domain, special
Sign is, comprising: femtosecond pulse laser, coupler, the first photodetector, arbitrary waveform generator, erbium-doped fiber amplification
Device, single mode optical fiber, electrooptic modulator, first collimator, the first cylindrical lens, the first virtual image phased array, the first diffraction
Grating, the first plano-convex lens, the second plano-convex lens, the first microcobjective, observation object, the second microcobjective, third plano-convex are saturating
Mirror, the 4th plano-convex lens, the second diffraction grating, the second virtual image phased array, the second cylindrical lens, the second collimator,
Two photodetectors, high-speed oscilloscope, data processing unit；
The femtosecond pulse laser is connect with the coupler；The coupler, the first photodetector, any wave
Shape generator is sequentially connected in series；The coupler, single mode optical fiber, is sequentially connected in series EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier；Described
Meaning waveform generator is connect with the electrooptic modulator；The single mode optical fiber is connect with the electrooptic modulator；The photoelectricity tune
Device processed is connect with the first collimator；First cylindrical lens d at a certain distance1It is parallel be placed in collimator before
Side, first virtual image phased array d at a certain distance2And angle, θ1Be placed in cylindrical lens front, described
One diffraction grating d at a certain distance3And angle, θ2It is placed in the front of the first virtual image phased array, first plano-convex
Lens d at a certain distance4And angle, θ3Be placed in the front of the first diffraction grating, second plano-convex lens with it is certain away from
From d5The parallel front for being placed in the first plano-convex lens, first microcobjective d at a certain distance6Parallel is placed in
The front of two plano-convex lens, the observation object d at a certain distance7The parallel front for being placed in the first microcobjective, institute
The second microcobjective stated d at a certain distance8The parallel front for being placed in observation object, the third plano-convex lens are with one
Fixed distance d9The parallel front for being placed in the second microcobjective, the 4th plano-convex lens d at a certain distance10Parallel
It is placed in the fronts of third plano-convex lens, second diffraction grating d at a certain distance11And angle, θ4It is placed in Siping City's convex lens
The front of mirror, the second virtual image phased array d at a certain distance12And angle, θ5Before being placed in the second diffraction grating
Side, second cylindrical lens d at a certain distance13And angle, θ6It is placed in front, the institute of the second virtual image phased array
The second collimator stated d at a certain distance14The parallel front for being placed in the second cylindrical lens；Second collimator,
Two photodetectors, high-speed oscilloscope, data processing unit are sequentially connected in series；
The femtosecond pulse laser is for generating femtosecond pulse；The coupler is used to femtosecond pulse being divided into the first via
Optical signal pulses and the second tunnel optical signal pulses；First photodetector is for being converted to first via optical signal pulses
Pulse electrical signal；The arbitrary waveform generator generates the wave with different directions out of phase according to pulse electrical signal is synchronous
Shape；Time domain stretching is carried out to the second tunnel optical signal pulses by the single mode optical fiber；By EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier to the second tunnel
Optical signal pulses amplification has been compensated for its optical power loss in time domain stretching；The electrooptic modulator time domain pull-up is stretched the
Two tunnel optical signal pulses carry out light pulse tune according to the waveform with different directions out of phase that arbitrary waveform generator generates
System generates optical spectrum encoded pulse；The collimator is used to be incident to the column after optical spectrum encoded pulse is adjusted launch angle
Face lens；Optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into linear pulse by first cylindrical lens；The first virtual image phase battle array
Linear pulses switch is one-dimensional linear pixel array by column；One-dimensional linear pixel array is hanging down after passing through first diffraction grating
It directly scatter at different angles in the direction of one-dimensional linear pixel array, generates two-dimensional structure lighting pattern；Two-dimensional structure shines
Bright pattern after first plano-convex lens, the second plano-convex lens, the first microcobjective by focusing on object on observation object
The information coding in body surface face completes space encoding into two-dimensional structure lighting pattern；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern after space encoding
By after observation object by second microcobjective, third plano-convex lens, the 4th plano-convex lens, the second diffraction grating,
Pulse is reduced to after second virtual image phased array, the second cylindrical lens；The collimator couples the pulse of reduction
Entering light is fine and can be detected by the photodetector；Pulse after coupling is converted to analog telecommunications by second photodetector
Number；The high-speed oscilloscope acquisition analog electrical signal is converted to digital electric signal, and digital electric signal is transmitted to the data
Processing unit；The data processing unit processing digital electric signal obtains image and is stored.
The technical solution of the method for the present invention is a kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging method stretched based on time domain, special
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the femtosecond pulse laser generates femtosecond pulse；
Step 2: being S by coupling ratio1:S2The coupler by femtosecond pulse be divided into first via optical signal pulses and
Second tunnel optical signal pulses, S1> 0, S2>0；First photodetector is used to first via optical signal pulses being converted to pulse
Electric signal and as trigger；The arbitrary waveform generator is flown according to the synchronous generation of pulse electrical signal is preset with M
The pulse per second (PPS) duration is the waveform of a cycle, and the waveform in one of them period is divided into N group again, and the waveform of difference group has not
Same direction, same group of waveform have K out of phase but equidirectional sub-waveform, and the duration of each sub-waveform is equal to one
The period of a femtosecond pulse guarantees the synchronism of modulation, M > 0, N > 2, K > 3 by photodetector as trigger；Pass through
The single mode optical fiber carries out time domain stretching to the second tunnel optical signal pulses；By EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier to the second road optical signal arteries and veins
Punching amplification has been compensated for its optical power loss in time domain stretching；The second road light that the electrooptic modulator stretches time domain pull-up is believed
The preset waveform progress light pulse with different directions out of phase that punching of feeling the pulse is generated according to arbitrary waveform generator
Modulation generates optical spectrum encoded pulse；
Step 3: the collimator is incident to the cylindrical lens after optical spectrum encoded pulse is adjusted launch angle；It is described
Optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into linear pulse by the first cylindrical lens；The first virtual image phased array is by linear pulse
Be converted to one-dimensional linear pixel array；One-dimensional linear pixel array pass through first diffraction grating after perpendicular to one-dimensional linear
The direction of pixel array scatter at different angles, generates the two dimension knot predetermined with different directions and out of phase
Structure lighting pattern, the inclination angle of the first virtual image phased array are θ1, with a thickness of L, first diffraction grating inclines
Bevel angle θ2；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern after first plano-convex lens, the second plano-convex lens, the first microcobjective by focusing
On the observation object, when the observation object is when high-speed mobile, two-dimensional structure lighting pattern illuminates the observation
The different location of object is completed in the spectrum of the information coding on the observation object surface to two-dimensional structure lighting pattern
Space encoding；
Step 4: after space encoding two-dimensional structure lighting pattern by after observation object by second microcobjective,
Third plano-convex lens, the 4th plano-convex lens are collected, and second diffraction grating, the second virtual image phased array, the are passed through
Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern is reduced to pulse by two cylindrical lenses；
Step 5: the collimator is by the pulse coupled into optical fibres of reduction and can be detected by the photodetector；
Step 6: pulse is converted to analog electrical signal by second photodetector；
Step 7: the high-speed oscilloscope acquisition analog electrical signal is converted to digital electric signal, and digital electric signal is transmitted
To the data processing unit；
Step 8: the data processing unit processing digital electric signal obtains image and is stored.
The invention has the advantages that: the optical instrument in imaging device is common optical instrument, is realized convenient for system；It is logical
It crosses time domain stretching technique and designs the optical spectrum encoded specific spatial position of pulse shape and design optical element, generate predefined
Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern with different directions and out of phase can break through diffraction in multiple directions in observation object plane
The bottleneck of the limit realizes high spatial resolution；Can break through resolution capability bottleneck, realize the 10MHz or more of frame number at
As frame speed；High-space resolution module will be realized in imaging technique and realize that high time resolution module integrates, can make
The imaging device has the ability of high spatial resolution and high time resolution simultaneously；It is detected by the single pixel of photodetector
It is able to achieve the continuous observation to instantaneous, the non-duplicate time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2: 0 degree of two-dimensional structure lighting pattern；
Fig. 3: 45 degree of two-dimensional structure lighting patterns；
Fig. 4: 90 degree of two-dimensional structure lighting patterns；
Fig. 5: 135 degree of two-dimensional structure lighting patterns.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Structural block diagram of the invention is as described in Figure 1, and the technical solution of apparatus of the present invention is a kind of list stretched based on time domain
Pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device characterized by comprising femtosecond pulse laser 101, coupler 102, the first photoelectricity are visited
It is quasi- to survey device 103, arbitrary waveform generator 104, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105, single mode optical fiber 106, electrooptic modulator 107, first
Straight device 108, the first cylindrical lens 109, the first virtual image phased array 110, the first diffraction grating 111, the first plano-convex lens
112, the second plano-convex lens 113, the first microcobjective 114, observation object 115, the second microcobjective 116, third plano-convex lens
117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118, the second diffraction grating 119, the second virtual image phased array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121,
Second collimator 122, the second photodetector 123, high-speed oscilloscope 124, data processing unit 125；
The femtosecond pulse laser 101 is the femto-second laser of the central wavelength 1550nm of Pritel；The coupler
102 be the TW1550R2F1 of thorlabs；First photodetector 103 is Newport-1414；The random waveform hair
Raw device 104 is the M8195A that the U.S. is Deco skill；The operation wavelength of the EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105 is 1550nm wave band；Institute
State the single mode optical fiber that 107 group velocity dispersion of single mode optical fiber is 800ps/nm；The electrooptic modulator 107 is the horse of 1550nm wave band
Conspicuous-Zeng Deer modulator；The first collimator 108 is the F220FC-1550 of thorlabs；First cylindrical lens 109
For the LA1470-C of thorlabs；The first virtual image phased array 110 with a thickness of L；The diffraction grating 111 is to carve
Line density 600/nm；First plano-convex lens 112 are focal length f=100nm；Second plano-convex lens 113 are focal length f=
50nm；First microcobjective 114 is numerical aperture 0.65, amplification factor 50x；The observation object 115 is plasma；
Described cell etc.；Second microcobjective 116 is numerical aperture 0.65, amplification factor 50x；The third plano-convex lens 117
For focal length f=50nm；4th plano-convex lens 118 are focal length f=100nm；The diffraction grating 119 is incisure density 600/
nm；The second virtual image phased array 120 with a thickness of L；Second cylindrical lens 121 is thorlabs's
LA1470-C；Second collimator 122 is the F220FC-1550 of thorlabs；Second photodetector 123 is
Newport-1414；124 U.S. of high-speed oscilloscope is the DSA91304A of Deco skill；The data processing unit 125 is clothes
Business device.
The femtosecond pulse laser 101 is connect with the coupler 102；The coupler 102, the first photodetection
Device 103, arbitrary waveform generator 104 are sequentially connected in series；The coupler 102, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105, single-mode optics
Fibre 106 is sequentially connected in series；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 is connect with the electrooptic modulator 107；The single mode optical fiber
106 connect with the electrooptic modulator 107；The electrooptic modulator 107 is connect with the first collimator 108；Described
One cylindrical lens 109 d at a certain distance1=11.29mm is parallel to be placed in 108 front of collimator, described first invents
As the d at a certain distance of phased array 1102=10mm and tilt angle theta1It is=22.5 ° of fronts for being placed in cylindrical lens 109, described
The first diffraction grating 111 d at a certain distance3=15mm and tilt angle theta2=22.5 ° are placed in the first virtual image phase battle array
The front of column 110, first plano-convex lens 112 d at a certain distance4=100mm and angle, θ3=30 ° are placed in first and spread out
Penetrate the front of grating 111, second plano-convex lens 113 d at a certain distance5=150mm it is parallel be placed in the first plano-convex
The front of lens 112, first microcobjective 114 d at a certain distance6=50mm it is parallel be placed in the second plano-convex lens
113 front, the observation object 115 d at a certain distance7=10mm it is parallel be placed in the first microcobjective 114 before
Side, second microcobjective 116 d at a certain distance8It is=10mm parallel the front for being placed in observation object 115, described
The d at a certain distance of third plano-convex lens 1179=50mm parallel the front for being placed in the second microcobjective 116, described the
Four plano-convex lens 118 d at a certain distance10=150mm parallel the front for being placed in third plano-convex lens 117, described second
The d at a certain distance of diffraction grating 11911=100mm and angle, θ4It is=30 ° of fronts for being placed in the 4th plano-convex lens 118, described
Second virtual image phased array 120 d at a certain distance12=15mm and tilt angle theta5=22.5 ° are placed in the second diffraction light
The front of grid 119, second cylindrical lens 121 d at a certain distance13=12mm and tilt angle theta6=22.5 ° are placed in
The front of second virtual image phased array 120, second collimator 122 d at a certain distance14=11.29mm is parallel
The front for being placed in the second cylindrical lens 121；Second collimator 122, the second photodetector 123, high-speed oscilloscope
124, data processing unit 125 is sequentially connected in series；
The femtosecond pulse laser 101 is for generating femtosecond pulse；The coupler 102 is for femtosecond pulse to be divided into
First via optical signal pulses and the second tunnel optical signal pulses；First photodetector 103 is used for first via optical signal
Pulses switch is pulse electrical signal；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 has different directions according to synchronous generate of pulse electrical signal
The waveform of out of phase；Time domain stretching is carried out to the second tunnel optical signal pulses by the single mode optical fiber 106；Pass through erbium-doped fiber
Amplifier 105 has been compensated for its optical power loss in time domain stretching to the amplification of the second tunnel optical signal pulses；The electro-optical modulation
Device 107 has different directions difference phase according to what arbitrary waveform generator generated to the second tunnel optical signal pulses that time domain pull-up is stretched
The waveform of position carries out light pulse modulation and generates optical spectrum encoded pulse；The collimator 108 is used for optical spectrum encoded pulse tune
The cylindrical lens 109 is incident to after whole launch angle；Optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into line by first cylindrical lens 109
Shape pulse；Linear pulses switch is one-dimensional linear pixel array by the first virtual image phased array 110；One-dimensional linear picture
Pixel array is dispersed after passing through first diffraction grating 111 in the direction perpendicular to one-dimensional linear pixel array at different angles
It opens, generates two-dimensional structure lighting pattern；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern is saturating by first plano-convex lens 112, the second plano-convex
It is focused on after mirror 113, the first microcobjective 114 on observation object 115 and illuminates the information coding of body surface to two-dimensional structure
Space encoding is completed in pattern；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern after space encoding by after observation object 115 by described the
Two microcobjectives 116, third plano-convex lens 117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118, the second diffraction grating 119, the second virtual image phase
Pulse is reduced to after bit array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121；The collimator 122 is by the pulse coupled into optical fibres of reduction
And it can be detected by the photodetector 123；Pulse after coupling is converted to analog telecommunications by second photodetector 123
Number；The high-speed oscilloscope 124 acquires analog electrical signal and is converted to digital electric signal, and digital electric signal is transmitted to the number
According to processing unit 125；The data processing unit 125 handles digital electric signal and obtains image and stored.
Embodiment of the present invention is using the image-forming principle that structure light breaks through diffraction limit realization high-space resolution will be originally
Not observable high-frequency information is converted to observable low-frequency information by way of Moire fringe, to realize high spatial
It differentiates.In order to which the image after reconstruct is calculated to improve spatial resolution, three kinds are included at least in imaging illumination pattern not
Same phase.In the application that all directions imaging resolution has higher requirements in observation object plane simultaneously, only at one
Side is improved upwards the demand that resolution ratio is not met by imaging, needs to generate a kind of capable of generating for fast and stable and pre-defines
Spatial resolution two-dimensional structure lighting pattern can be improved in multiple directions in observation object plane, below just to this figure of generation
The method of case is described in detail.
Embodiments of the present invention are introduced below with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, embodiment of the present invention realizes that steps are as follows:
Step 1: the femtosecond pulse laser 101 generates femtosecond pulse, and wherein a length of 1550nm of cardiac wave, band are wider than
50nm, repetition rate 10MHz, the frame rate of imaging are equal to the repetition rate of pulse, realize the image taking speed of 10MHz；
Step 2: being S by coupling ratio1:S2The coupler 102 by femtosecond pulse be divided into first via optical signal pulses with
And the second tunnel optical signal pulses, S1:=90, S2=10；First photodetector 103 is used for first via optical signal pulses
Be converted to pulse electrical signal and as trigger；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 generates in advance according to pulse electrical signal is synchronous
Set using M femtosecond pulse duration time as the waveform of a cycle, the waveform in one of them period is divided into N group again, different
The waveform of group has different directions, and can separately design is 0 °, and 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° are waited directions, and same group of waveform has K a not
Same-phase but equidirectional sub-waveform, the duration of each sub-waveform are equal to the period of a femtosecond pulse, visit by photoelectricity
Survey the synchronism that device guarantees modulation as trigger, M=12, N=4, L=3；By the single mode optical fiber 106 to the second road light
Signal pulse carries out time domain stretching；By EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105 to the second tunnel optical signal pulses amplification have been compensated for its when
Optical power loss in the stretching of domain；The electrooptic modulator 107 pulls up the second tunnel optical signal pulses stretched to time domain according to any
The preset waveform with different directions out of phase that waveform generator generates carries out light pulse modulation and generates spectrum volume
The pulse of code；
Step 3: the collimator 108 is incident to the cylindrical lens after optical spectrum encoded pulse is adjusted launch angle
109；Optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into linear pulse by first cylindrical lens 109；The first virtual image phase battle array
Linear pulses switch is one-dimensional linear pixel array by column 110；One-dimensional linear pixel array passes through first diffraction grating 111
It scatter, generates predetermined with different directions at different angles in the direction perpendicular to one-dimensional linear pixel array afterwards
The two-dimensional structure lighting pattern of out of phase, the inclination angle of the first virtual image phased array 110 are θ1, with a thickness of L, institute
State the tiltangleθ of the first diffraction grating 1112, so that generating stable and uniform intensity two-dimensional structure predetermined illuminates figure
Case, the pulse that Fig. 2-Fig. 5 respectively indicates the waveform modulated predetermined generated by arbitrary waveform generator pass through the light of design
What is generated behind component space position has 0 ° of four direction, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° and in each direction different phases there are three tool
Position phase shift 0, phase shiftPhase shiftTwo-dimensional structure lighting pattern；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern passes through first plano-convex
The institute in motorized precision translation stage or microfluidic channel is focused on after lens 112, the second plano-convex lens 113, the first microcobjective 114
It states on observation object 115, when the observation object 115 is when high-speed mobile, two-dimensional structure lighting pattern illuminates the sight
The different location for surveying object 115, by the spectrum of the information coding on 115 surface of observation object to two-dimensional structure lighting pattern
In, complete space encoding；
Step 4: after space encoding two-dimensional structure lighting pattern by after observation object 115 by the second micro- object
Mirror 116, third plano-convex lens 117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118 are collected, virtual by second diffraction grating 119, second
Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern is reduced to pulse by Imaged Phased Array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121；
Step 5: the collimator 122 is by the pulse coupled into optical fibres of reduction and can be visited by the photodetector 123
It surveys；
Step 6: pulse is converted to analog electrical signal by second photodetector 123；
Step 7: the high-speed oscilloscope 124 acquires analog electrical signal and is converted to digital electric signal, and by digital electric signal
It is transmitted to the data processing unit 125；
Step 8: the data processing unit 125 handles digital electric signal and obtains image and stored.
To sum up, the optical component in above-mentioned imaging device and method is all common component, is easy to implement, passes through time domain
Stretching technique designs the optical spectrum encoded specific spatial position of pulse shape and design optical element, generates predefined with not
Equidirectional and out of phase two-dimensional structure lighting pattern can break through diffraction limit in observation object plane in multiple directions
Bottleneck realizes high spatial resolution；The bottleneck of energy break through resolution capability realizes the imaging frame speed of the 10MHz or more of frame number
Degree；High-space resolution module will be realized in imaging technique and realize that high time resolution module integrates, can make the imaging
Device has the ability of high spatial resolution and high time resolution simultaneously；It is able to achieve by the single pixel detection of photodetector
To the continuous observation of instantaneous, non-duplicate time.
Although femtosecond pulse laser 101 is used more herein, coupler 102, the first photodetector 103, appoints
It anticipates waveform generator 104, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105, single mode optical fiber 106, electrooptic modulator 107, first collimator 108, the
One cylindrical lens 109, the first virtual image phased array 110, the first diffraction grating 111, the first plano-convex lens 112, second are flat
Convex lens 113, the first microcobjective 114, observation object 115, the second microcobjective 116, third plano-convex lens 117, Siping City
Convex lens 118, the second diffraction grating 119, the second virtual image phased array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121, the second collimator
122, the terms such as the second photodetector 123, high-speed oscilloscope 124, data processing unit 125, but be not precluded and use other
A possibility that term.The use of these items is only for more easily describing essence of the invention, it is construed as any
It is a kind of it is additional limitation be all to be disagreed with spirit of that invention.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is more detailed, can not therefore be considered to this
The limitation of invention patent protection range, those skilled in the art under the inspiration of the present invention, are not departing from power of the present invention
Benefit requires to make replacement or deformation under protected ambit, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, this hair
It is bright range is claimed to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device stretched based on time domain, characterized by comprising: femtosecond pulse
Device 101, coupler 102, the first photodetector 103, arbitrary waveform generator 104, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105, single-mode optics
Fibre 106, electrooptic modulator 107, first collimator 108, the first cylindrical lens 109, the first virtual image phased array 110, the
One diffraction grating 111, the first plano-convex lens 112, the second plano-convex lens 113, the first microcobjective 114, observation object 115,
Two microcobjectives 116, third plano-convex lens 117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118, the second diffraction grating 119, the second virtual image phase
Bit array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121, the second collimator 122, the second photodetector 123, high-speed oscilloscope 124, data
Processing unit 125；
The femtosecond pulse laser 101 is connect with the coupler 102；The coupler 102, the first photodetector
103, arbitrary waveform generator 104 is sequentially connected in series；The coupler 102, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105, single mode optical fiber
106, it is sequentially connected in series；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 is connect with the electrooptic modulator 107；The single mode optical fiber 106
It is connect with the electrooptic modulator 107；The electrooptic modulator 107 is connect with the first collimator 108；First column
The d at a certain distance of face lens 1091Parallel is placed in 108 front of collimator, the first virtual image phased array 110
D at a certain distance2And angle, θ1The front that is placed in cylindrical lens 109, first diffraction grating 111 are at a certain distance
d3And angle, θ2The front that is placed in the first virtual image phased array 110, first plano-convex lens 112 are at a certain distance
d4And angle, θ3It is placed in the front of the first diffraction grating 111, second plano-convex lens 113 d at a certain distance5Parallel
It is placed in the fronts of the first plano-convex lens 112, first microcobjective 114 d at a certain distance6It is parallel that be placed in second flat
The front of convex lens 113, the observation object 115 d at a certain distance7It is parallel be placed in the first microcobjective 114 before
Side, second microcobjective 116 d at a certain distance8The parallel front for being placed in observation object 115, the third
The d at a certain distance of plano-convex lens 1179The parallel front for being placed in the second microcobjective 116, the 4th plano-convex lens
118 d at a certain distance10The parallel front for being placed in third plano-convex lens 117, second diffraction grating 119 are with certain
Distance d11And angle, θ4The front that is placed in the 4th plano-convex lens 118, the second virtual image phased array 120 are with certain
Distance d12And angle, θ5It is placed in the front of the second diffraction grating 119, second cylindrical lens 121 d at a certain distance13
And angle, θ6It is placed in the front of the second virtual image phased array 120, second collimator 122 d at a certain distance14It is flat
The capable front for being placed in the second cylindrical lens 121；Second collimator 122, the second photodetector 123, high speed oscillography
Device 124, data processing unit 125 are sequentially connected in series.
2. the single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device according to claim 1 stretched based on time domain, it is characterised in that: institute
Femtosecond pulse laser 101 is stated for generating femtosecond pulse；The coupler 102 is used to for femtosecond pulse to be divided into first via light letter
Feel the pulse punching and the second tunnel optical signal pulses；First photodetector 103 is for being converted to first via optical signal pulses
Pulse electrical signal；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 has different directions out of phase according to synchronous generate of pulse electrical signal
Waveform；Time domain stretching is carried out to the second tunnel optical signal pulses by the single mode optical fiber 106；Pass through EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105
Its optical power loss in time domain stretching is had been compensated for the amplification of the second tunnel optical signal pulses；107 clock synchronization of electrooptic modulator
The waveform with different directions out of phase that the second tunnel optical signal pulses stretched on domain are generated according to arbitrary waveform generator
It carries out light pulse modulation and generates optical spectrum encoded pulse；The collimator 108 is used to optical spectrum encoded pulse adjusting the angle of departure
The cylindrical lens 109 is incident to after degree；Optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into linear pulse by first cylindrical lens 109；
Linear pulses switch is one-dimensional linear pixel array by the first virtual image phased array 110；One-dimensional linear pixel array
By scattering at different angles after first diffraction grating 111 in the direction perpendicular to one-dimensional linear pixel array, produce
Raw two-dimensional structure lighting pattern；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern by first plano-convex lens 112, the second plano-convex lens 113,
It is focused on the information coding of body surface after first microcobjective 114 on observation object 115 into two-dimensional structure lighting pattern
Complete space encoding；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern after space encoding passes through micro- by described second after observation object 115
Object lens 116, third plano-convex lens 117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118, the second diffraction grating 119, the second virtual image phased array
120, pulse is reduced to after the second cylindrical lens 121；The collimator 122 simultaneously can quilt by the pulse coupled into optical fibres of reduction
The photodetector 123 detects；Pulse after coupling is converted to analog electrical signal by second photodetector 123；Institute
It states the acquisition analog electrical signal of high-speed oscilloscope 124 and is converted to digital electric signal, and digital electric signal is transmitted at the data
Manage unit 125；The data processing unit 125 handles digital electric signal and obtains image and stored.
3. it is a kind of using it is described in claim 1 based on time domain stretch single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging device carry out based on when
The single pixel high speed super-resolution imaging method that domain stretches, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the femtosecond pulse laser 101 generates femtosecond pulse；
Step 2: being S by coupling ratio1:S2The coupler 102 femtosecond pulse is divided into first via optical signal pulses and
Two tunnel optical signal pulses, S1> 0, S2>0；First photodetector 103 is used to first via optical signal pulses being converted to pulse
Electric signal and as trigger；The arbitrary waveform generator 104 is preset with M according to the synchronous generation of pulse electrical signal
The femtosecond pulse duration time is the waveform of a cycle, and the waveform in one of them period is divided into N group again, and the waveform of difference group has
Different directions, same group of waveform have K out of phase but equidirectional sub-waveform, and the duration of each sub-waveform is equal to
The period of one femtosecond pulse guarantees the synchronism of modulation, M > 0, N > 2, K > 3 by photodetector as trigger；It is logical
It crosses the single mode optical fiber 106 and time domain stretching is carried out to the second tunnel optical signal pulses；By EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 105 to the second tunnel
Optical signal pulses amplification has been compensated for its optical power loss in time domain stretching；The electrooptic modulator 107 stretches time domain pull-up
The preset wave with different directions out of phase that is generated according to arbitrary waveform generator of the second tunnel optical signal pulses
Shape carries out light pulse modulation and generates optical spectrum encoded pulse；
Step 3: the collimator 108 is incident to the cylindrical lens 109 after optical spectrum encoded pulse is adjusted launch angle；Institute
It states the first cylindrical lens 109 and optical spectrum encoded pulse is compressed into linear pulse；The first virtual image phased array 110 will
Linear pulses switch is one-dimensional linear pixel array；One-dimensional linear pixel array is hanging down after passing through first diffraction grating 111
It directly scatter, generates predetermined with different directions and difference at different angles in the direction of one-dimensional linear pixel array
The two-dimensional structure lighting pattern of phase, the inclination angle of the first virtual image phased array are θ1, with a thickness of L, described first
The tiltangleθ of diffraction grating 1112；Two-dimensional structure lighting pattern passes through first plano-convex lens 112, the second plano-convex lens
113, it is focused on the observation object 115 after the first microcobjective 114, when the observation object 115 is in high-speed mobile
It waits, two-dimensional structure lighting pattern illuminates the different location of the observation object 115, by the information on 115 surface of observation object
It is encoded in the spectrum of two-dimensional structure lighting pattern, completes space encoding；
Step 4: after space encoding two-dimensional structure lighting pattern by after observation object 115 by second microcobjective
116, third plano-convex lens 117, the 4th plano-convex lens 118 are collected, and are invented by second diffraction grating 119, second
As two-dimensional structure lighting pattern is reduced to pulse by phased array 120, the second cylindrical lens 121；
Step 5: the collimator 122 is by the pulse coupled into optical fibres of reduction and can be detected by the photodetector 123；
Step 6: pulse is converted to analog electrical signal by second photodetector 123；
Step 7: the high-speed oscilloscope 124 acquires analog electrical signal and is converted to digital electric signal, and digital electric signal is transmitted
To the data processing unit 125；
Step 8: the data processing unit 125 handles digital electric signal and obtains image and stored.
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