CN105822675A - 密封装置 - Google Patents

密封装置 Download PDF

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CN105822675A
CN105822675A CN201610097240.7A CN201610097240A CN105822675A CN 105822675 A CN105822675 A CN 105822675A CN 201610097240 A CN201610097240 A CN 201610097240A CN 105822675 A CN105822675 A CN 105822675A
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lip
sealing
sealing device
machine components
lip element
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CN105822675B (zh
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A·格佐尔特
J·库尔思
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SKF AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7823—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of sealing lips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/002—Conductive elements, e.g. to prevent static electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7896—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members with two or more discrete sealings arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/064—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces the packing combining the sealing function with other functions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/328—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for elastic sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/30—Electric properties; Magnetic properties
    • F16C2202/32—Conductivity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/784—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a groove in the inner surface of the outer race and extending toward the inner race
    • F16C33/7843—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a groove in the inner surface of the outer race and extending toward the inner race with a single annular sealing disc
    • F16C33/7853—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a groove in the inner surface of the outer race and extending toward the inner race with a single annular sealing disc with one or more sealing lips to contact the inner race
    • F16C33/7856—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to a groove in the inner surface of the outer race and extending toward the inner race with a single annular sealing disc with one or more sealing lips to contact the inner race with a single sealing lip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
    • F16C33/7873—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a single sealing ring of generally L-shaped cross-section
    • F16C33/7876—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a single sealing ring of generally L-shaped cross-section with sealing lips

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing With Elastic Sealing Lips (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于相对第二腔室(B)密封第一腔室(A)的密封装置，该密封装置设置在第一机械零件和第二机械零件之间，其中两个机械零件之间发生相对运动，其中密封装置包括配备有至少一个密封唇的密封元件，其中该至少一个密封唇由密封元件保持，并由密封元件固定在机械零件中的一个处，并且其中该至少一个密封唇与另一机械零件滑动接触。为了以一种有效并有成本效益的方式建立两个机械零件之间的电传导，本发明提出，密封装置包括唇元件，该唇元件与机械零件中的一个固定，并且与另一机械零件滑动接触，其中唇元件包括用于建立唇元件的电传导的装置，使得由唇元件在两个机械零件之间建立电传导。

Description

密封装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于相对第二腔室密封第一腔室的密封装置，该密封装置设置在第一机械零件和第二机械零件之间，其中两个机械零件之间发生相对移动，其中密封装置包括配备有至少一个密封唇的密封元件，其中该至少一个密封唇由密封元件保持并由密封元件固定在其中一个机械零件处，并且其中该至少一个密封唇与另一机械零件滑动接触。
背景技术
在轴承技术中，已知轴承设置为使得电流可以通过轴承元件。如果在没有具体规定的情况下允许这样，则存在着由于电流的传输而在轴承环和滚动元件之间产生火花的危险。不利地，火花在滚动元件和轴承环滚道上产生陷坑，而导致轴承失效。
已知不同措施来避免产生火花。一种可能性是绝缘轴承环，例如，利用具有陶瓷材料的盖。通过这样做，不会产生通过轴承的电流传输。也可采用不导电的滚动元件，特别由陶瓷材料制成的滚动元件。这两种提及的措施都相当的成本密集。还可考虑使用导电油脂用于润滑。这种方法并不总是完全令人满意。
此外，特殊碳刷已知用以建立轴承环之间的电传导。但是这种做法是相当成本密集的。此外，这样做需要足够的安装空间，这不是在所有情况下都可行的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是开发通用类型的密封装置，其以有效并有成本效益的方式防止轴承环和滚动元件之间的电流流动。也就是说，应该以有效并且经济的方式在两个机械零件之间建立电传导。
本发明的此目的的解决方案的特征在于，密封装置包括唇元件，该唇元件与其中一个机械零件固定，并且与另一机械零件滑动接触，其中唇元件包括用于建立唇元件的电传导的装置，使得由唇元件在两个机械零件之间建立电传导。
唇元件与密封元件的密封唇中的至少其中之一可以是相同的，即是同样的机械部件。
或者，唇元件可以是在具有至少一个密封唇的密封元件旁边的附加元件。
在这种情况下，唇元件可设置在密封装置的轴向端部。唇元件可以包括加强环，该加强环被至少部分地涂覆或覆盖有构成唇元件的材料。
此外，唇元件可以包括与另一机械零件滑动接触的唇段，其中唇段沿其周向包括至少一个凹部；因此，多个凹部可以沿着唇段的周向，优选绕周向等距设置。
唇元件可以由弹性材料制成，并且具有至少一层导电材料。该层可以由碳制成。
该至少一层优选利用离子束技术施加。
本发明优选与滚子轴承关联使用。因此，优选实施例提出的是，所述密封装置安装在轴承环之间的滚动轴承中。
因此，通过所提出的措施，提供了允许电流泄漏的密封装置。可以以一种简单且成本有效的方式避免电流流过轴承。轴承环的隔离或使用陶瓷滚动元件是没有必要的。
对于提供电传导的唇元件，可以使用不同的弹性体材料【例如腈基丁二烯橡胶(NBR)，氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)，丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)，氟橡胶(FKM)，三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)，橡胶粘合剂(RE3)】，优选通过离子束技术于其上沉积一薄层碳或导电金属。然后，电流可以由环和唇元件(接触密封件)通过轴承，而不是通过滚动元件。因此，具有与轴承环接触的唇元件(导电密封件)允许电流通过它们而不是在环和滚动元件之间通过。
在涂覆密封缘(密封唇)对密封性能产生不利影响的情况下，具有非常柔性的唇段(唇部)的单独的涂覆弹性体元件可放置在主密封件的前面。在这种情况下，保护导电接触免受油脂或油侵入。
有利地，阻止了电流流过轴承。与已知的陶瓷涂层相比，这样做的成本比较低，也能获得更高的轴承寿命。
另一个好处是，当用于具有非常高频的电流的应用时，所提出的解决方案也是有效的。相对于具有轴承环的陶瓷隔离的已知解决方案，所提出的解决方案不是这种情况。
所提出的解决方案可用于电流可以穿过轴承的所有应用，例如铁路，电动马达以及具有高频电流的应用。
附图说明
附图中描述了本发明的实施例。
图1示出了设置在两个机械零件之间的密封装置的径向横截面图，并且
图2示出了密封装置的透视图，其中装置的一部分以局部剖面图示出。
附图标记列表
1密封装置
2第一机械零件
3第二机械零件
4密封元件
5密封唇
6唇元件
7加强环
8唇段
9凹部
10安装区域
11弹簧元件
12槽
A第一腔室(油区域)
B第二腔室(环境)
具体实施方式
在图中示出了密封装置1。该装置安装在第一机械零件2和第二机械零件3之间，以相对第二腔室B密封第一腔室A。第一腔室A可以是润滑剂位于其中的腔室；第二腔室B可以是周围环境。典型地，这样的密封装置1安装在滚子轴承的轴向端部，从而密封滚子元件所在的空间。在此范围内，第一机械零件2可以是轴承外环，而第二机械零件3可以是轴承内环。
密封装置1具有密封元件4。该公知的元件本质上是密封基部元件，它包括安装区域10，密封装置1通过该安装区域固定在两个机械零件2中的一个上。密封元件向着另一机械零件3径向延伸，并具有至少一个密封唇5设置于此，该密封唇5与机械零件3(直接或间接)滑动接触。弹簧元件11偏压密封唇5抵靠机械零件3的表面以确保适当的密封。
本质上，密封装置1包括另外的唇元件6，该唇元件6与机械零件2固定，并且与机械零件3滑动接触。唇元件6包括用于建立唇元件(不可见)的电传导的装置，使得通过唇元件6在两个机械零件2和3之间建立电传导。
唇元件6由弹性体材料制成，但在所描绘的实施例的情况下，其由加强环7稳定。具体地说，唇元件6包括具有柔性唇的唇段8，该唇段8与机械零件3接触。
为了安装唇元件6，在机械零件2中加工槽12，环形的唇元件6可以被夹持或卡接在该槽12中。
唇元件6沿其整个径向延伸部涂覆有一层导电材料，在目前的情况下是一层碳。该层利用离子束技术施加，该技术是众所周知的。
如从图2中可以看出，多个凹部9围绕唇段8的周向设置。一方面，这确保唇段8和机械零件3之间具有充分接触，以便建立电接触，但是在另一方面，这确保不会由于唇元件6而产生相对的摩擦转矩。该元件在本实施例中是独立的部件，如所描绘的那样，其安装在密封装置1的轴向端部，并且在此范围内是密封装置1的一部分。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于相对第二腔室(B)密封第一腔室(A)的密封装置(1)，该密封装置设置在第一机械零件(2)和第二机械零件(3)之间，其中两个机械零件(2，3)之间发生相对运动，其中密封装置(1)包括配备有至少一个密封唇(5)的密封元件(4)，其中该至少一个密封唇(5)由密封元件(4)保持，并由密封元件(4)固定在所述机械零件其中之一(2)处，并且其中该至少一个密封唇(5)与另一机械零件(3)滑动接触，
其特征在于，密封装置(1)包括唇元件(6)，该唇元件与所述机械零件中的一个(2)固定，并且与另一机械零件(3)滑动接触，其中唇元件(6)包括用于建立唇元件(6)的电传导的装置，使得由唇元件(6)在两个机械零件(2，3)之间建立电传导。
2.根据权利要求1的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)与密封元件(4)的所述密封唇(5)中的至少一个是相同的。
3.根据权利要求1的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)是在具有至少一个密封唇(5)的密封元件(4)旁边的附加元件。
4.根据权利要求3的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)设置在密封装置(1)的轴向端部。
5.根据权利要求3或4的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)包括加强环(7)，该加强环被至少部分地涂覆或覆盖构成唇元件(6)的材料。
6.根据权利要求3到5任意之一的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)包括唇段(8)，该唇段与另一机械零件(3)滑动接触，其中唇段(8)沿其周向包括至少一个凹部(9)。
7.根据权利要求6的密封装置，其特征在于，多个凹部(9)沿唇段(8)的周向设置，优选围绕周向等距设置。
8.根据权利要求1到7任意之一的密封装置，其特征在于，唇元件(6)由弹性材料制成，并且设置有至少一层导电材料。
9.根据权利要求8的密封装置，其特征在于，该至少一层导电材料由碳制成。
10.根据权利要求8或9的密封装置，其特征在于，该至少一层导电材料利用离子束技术施加。
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