CN105818801A - 用于运行动力传动系的方法和控制装置 - Google Patents

用于运行动力传动系的方法和控制装置 Download PDF

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CN105818801A
CN105818801A CN201610048277.0A CN201610048277A CN105818801A CN 105818801 A CN105818801 A CN 105818801A CN 201610048277 A CN201610048277 A CN 201610048277A CN 105818801 A CN105818801 A CN 105818801A
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moment
drive assembly
variator
shifting element
transmission shaft
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CN105818801B (zh
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T·策尔纳
K·弗朗茨
A·魏登巴赫
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H35/00—Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行动力传动系的方法，该动力传动系具有多个驱动总成、一个变速器和一个输出装置，第一驱动总成作用在第一变速器轴上，第二驱动总成作用在第二变速器轴上，变速器包括多个换挡元件，在输出装置上提供取决于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩，为打开变速器的换挡元件使要打开的换挡元件无负载，由换挡策略在控制装置方面求出换挡请求的概率，当换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值时，在控制装置方面预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下改变由第一和第二驱动总成提供的力矩，使得由对于被识别为可能的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件传递的力矩尽可能降低，以使根据实际的换挡请求为执行换挡所需的时间最少。

Description

用于运行动力传动系的方法和控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行动力传动系的方法和控制装置。
背景技术
混合动力车的动力传动系包括多个驱动总成(即构造为内燃机的第一驱动总成和构造为电机的第二驱动总成)、一个变速器和一个输出装置。在这类动力传动系中，第一驱动总成作用在变速器的一个第一变速器轴上，而第二驱动总成作用在变速器的另一个第二变速器轴上。驱动总成的变速器包括多个换挡元件，所述换挡元件典型地实施为摩擦锁合的换挡元件、例如离合器或制动器。在动力传动系的输出装置上提供取决于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩。在这样的动力传动系的限定的运行状况中需要打开变速器的之前闭合的换挡元件。当应当打开摩擦锁合的换挡元件时，这一点可以以简单的方式和方法通过使摩擦锁合的换挡元件打滑来实现。由此产生对损耗有不利影响的摩擦力矩或者说拖拽力矩。因此，在动力传动系的变速器中越来越多地通过形状锁合的换挡元件、例如通过爪式换挡元件取代摩擦锁合的换挡元件。然而必须使这样的形状锁合的换挡元件转换到无负载的状态中或者说变得无负载，以便可以打开所述形状锁合的换挡元件。
DE102011080068A1公开了一种用于在动力传动系的变速器中执行换挡的方法，其中构造为内燃机的第一驱动总成作用在变速器输入轴上并且构造为电机的第二驱动总成作用在由变速器的行星级提供的变速器轴上。已知的是，为了执行动力换挡，使要脱开的换挡元件无负载。为使换挡元件无负载需要时间，该时间延长了为执行换挡所需的时间。
发明内容
需要一种用于运行具有至少两个作用在不同变速器轴上的驱动总成的动力传动系的方法，即一种方法，借助该方法能够缩短为执行换挡所需的时间。由此出发，本发明的任务是提供一种用于运行动力传动系的新颖的方法和控制装置。
该任务通过按照权利要求1的方法解决。按照本发明由换挡策略在控制装置方面求出换挡请求的概率，其中，当该概率大于限定的边界值时，便在控制装置方面预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下这样地改变由第一驱动总成和第二驱动总成提供的力矩，使得由对于被识别为可能的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件传递的力矩尽可能地降低，以便使按照实际的换挡请求为执行换挡所需的时间最少。使要打开的换挡元件预先至少部分地无负载，由此能够缩短为执行换挡所需的时间。
优选地，当换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值时，在控制装置方面针对第一驱动总成和针对第二驱动总成计算目标力矩，借助所述目标力矩在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下能够使要打开的换挡元件无负载，其中检查是否所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反了相应驱动总成的力矩边界，当确定没有目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下以力矩被调节的方式将第一和第二驱动总成向相应的目标力矩引导，而当确定所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，预先在实际的换挡请求之前使要打开的换挡元件仅部分地无负载。
由此能够确保在实际的换挡请求之前输出力矩符合驾驶员期望力矩并且为执行换挡所需的时间被缩短。
按照本发明的另一种进一步改进方案，当所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，在维持输出装置上驾驶员期望力矩的情况下沿着力矩-引导曲线以力矩被调节的方式将第一和第二驱动总成朝向相应的目标力矩引导，直到所述驱动总成中的一个驱动总成达到其力矩边界为止，然后保持各所述驱动总成的力矩不变。只有存在实际的换挡请求时才使要打开的换挡元件完全无负载，其方式是在提供不同于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩的情况下将未达到其力矩边界的另一个驱动总成的力矩以力矩被调节的方式带到目标力矩。当由于一个驱动总成达到力矩边界而不能预先使要打开的换挡元件完全无负载时，该进一步改进方案是有利的。
按照本发明的另一种进一步改进方案，第一驱动总成作用在第一变速器轴上，该第一变速器轴是变速器的变速器输入轴，第二驱动总成作用在第二变速器轴上，该第二变速器轴是变速器的由变速器的行星级提供的变速器轴，并且变速器的变速器输出轴作用在输出装置上。在功率分支的变速器中，即当在作用于不同变速器轴上的驱动总成之间存在通过行星级的功率分支时，本发明优选得到应用。
按照本发明的用于执行该方法的控制装置在权利要求8中限定。
附图说明
优选的进一步改进方案由从属权利要求和以下说明书给出。本发明的实施例借助附图被详细阐述，但是不限于此。在此：
图1示出动力传动系的示意图；
图2示出用于说明按照本发明的方法的第一时间图；和
图3示出用于说明按照本发明的方法的第二时间图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于运行动力传动系的方法以及控制装置。
图1示出机动车的动力传动系的示意图，按照本发明的方法和按照本发明的控制装置优选应用在该动力传动系中。图1的动力传动系包括两个驱动总成1、2、一个变速器3和一个输出装置4。
变速器3包括至少一个行星级5以及多个换挡元件9。所示的换挡元件9指的是形状锁合的换挡元件9、例如卡爪。
第一驱动总成1作用在变速器3的第一变速器轴6上，该第一驱动总成优选是内燃机，其中，该第一变速器轴6指的是变速器3的变速器输入轴。第一驱动总成1也可以替代地构造为第一电机。
第二驱动总成2作用在变速器3的第二变速器轴7上，该第二驱动总成优选是第二电机，其中，该第二变速器轴指的是变速器内部的轴，该轴在力矩流方向上看连接在变速器3的变速器输入轴3和变速器输出轴8之间。
在所示的实施例中，第二驱动总成2作用在第二变速器轴上，该第二变速器轴7由行星级5提供，即在所示的实施例中由行星级的齿圈提供。
变速器输出轴8联接到驱动装置4上。在所示的实施例中，在第一驱动总成1和变速器输入轴6之间连接有分离离合器10，第一驱动总成1能够通过该分离离合器而与变速器输入轴6脱开。
如已经说明的那样，在所示的实施例中第一驱动总成1优选是内燃机，该内燃机提供在变速器外部的驱动总成。第二驱动总成2优选是第二电机，该第二电机提供在变速器内部的驱动总成。这样的第二电机能够以电动机方式和发动机方式运行。
要指出的是，即便存在超过两个驱动总成，例如一个内燃机和两个或三个或更多个电机，本方法也能够应用。
如已经说明的那样，变速器3包括换挡元件9，其中，在图1中举例地示出两个这类的换挡元件9、即一个连接在变速器输入轴6和行星级5之间的换挡元件9和另一个连接在行星级5和变速器输出轴8之间的换挡元件9。在变速器3的每个挂上的挡位中，第一数量的换挡元件9闭合并且第二数量的换挡元件9打开。
为了执行换挡，必须打开至少一个之前闭合的换挡元件9并且必须闭合至少一个之前打开的换挡元件9。尤其是当要打开的换挡元件9实施为形状锁合的换挡元件时，为了能够打开该换挡元件，必须使该换挡元件无负载。
本发明涉及一种方法，借助该方法能够尽可能地缩短为执行换挡所需的时间。
因此，按照本发明由换挡策略在控制装置方面求出换挡请求的概率。
当换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值时，便在控制装置方面预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置4上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下改变驱动总成1和2之间的力矩分配。在此，在维持输出装置4上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下这样地改变由第一驱动总成1和由第二驱动总成2提供的力矩，使得由对于被识别为可能的换挡而言要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件9传递的力矩尽可能地降低。由此使根据实际的换挡请求为执行换挡所需的时间最少。
因此按照本发明规定，换挡策略确定在变速器3中是否即将进行换挡或者说挡位切换。这可以例如从机动车的加速行为或减速行为推导出来。然后便使对于可能的换挡而言要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件无负载。这通过经由行星级的功率分支进行，从而输出力矩保持不变。当换挡策略实际请求执行换挡时，要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件在该时刻便已经尽可能无负载，从而能够使根据实际的换挡请求为执行换挡所需的时间最少。
下面参照图2和3的时间图描述按照本发明的方法的其它细节，其中，在图2和3中关于时间t分别示出多个力矩的时间历程。
因此，曲线历程11示出作用在输出装置4上的输出力矩的时间历程，其中，输出力矩取决于驾驶员期望。出发点是驾驶员期望力矩保持恒定。
曲线历程12显示第一驱动总成1的力矩的时间历程。
曲线历程13显示第二驱动总成2的力矩的时间历程。
曲线历程14显示要打开的换挡元件9的力矩的时间历程。
曲线历程15和16对应于控制装置方面的信号历程，其中，信号历程15显示要执行的换挡的概率，而信号历程16显示实际的换挡请求。
在图2中，在变速器3中在时刻t1之前挂上了一个挡，该挡以恒定的驾驶员期望力矩11行驶，由驱动总成1和2提供的力矩12和13恒定，由形状锁合的换挡元件9传递的力矩14同样恒定。
在时刻t1，按照信号历程15由换挡策略确定在变速器中有可能执行换挡，即，换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值。因此，从时刻t1开始在时刻t1和t2之间通过改变由驱动总成1和2提供的力矩12和13使对于可能要执行的换挡而言要无负载的形状锁合的换挡元件9按照信号历程14无负载。在时刻t2，对于可能要执行的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件9不传递进一步力矩。在时刻t3，在控制装置方面实际请求执行换挡。在该时刻，要打开的换挡元件9已经无负载。由此使为执行换挡所需的时间最少。
图2以时间间隔△t12表明按照本发明在实际的执行换挡中能够节省的时间。在时间间隔△t12中，在实际的换挡请求之前预先通过识别高的换挡概率使对于可能的换挡而言要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件9无负载。
当在时刻t1换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值时，便在控制装置方面对于驱动总成1、2计算目标力矩，借助所述目标力矩在维持输出装置4上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下可以使对于可能的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件9无负载。
在此检查是否所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应驱动总成的力矩边界。当确定如在图2的实施例中的情况那样没有目标力矩违反相应驱动总成的相应的力矩边界时，将第一和第二驱动总成1、2预先在实际的换挡请求之前优选以力矩被调节的方式在维持输出装置4上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下向相应的目标力矩引导。
相反，当确定目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应驱动总成的相应力矩边界时，使要打开的换挡元件9预先在实际的换挡请求之前仅部分地无负载。在图3的实施例中正是这种情况，其中，对于驱动总成1示出力矩边界18。在时刻t2由驱动总成1提供的力矩12达到力矩边界18，从而接下来随着达到该力矩边界在维持输出装置4上的驾驶员期望力矩11的情况下保持由驱动总成1、2提供的力矩12、13恒定。如在图2的实施例中描述的那样，优选以力矩被调节的方式、例如沿着力矩斜坡在时刻t1和t2之间将力矩12、13向其相应的最终值引导。
在图3中，在时刻t3再次存在实际的换挡请求，其中在图3中在时刻t3和t4之间使要打开的换挡元件9完全无负载。为此，在提供不同于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩的情况下以力矩被调节的方式将未达到其力矩边界的驱动总成的力矩13带到目标力矩，从而在时刻t4对于要执行的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件9实际上是无负载的。
因此在图3的实施例中在实际存在换挡请求之后，为了使要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件9完全无负载，需要时间间隔△t34。然而，为执行换挡所需的时间又可以缩短时间间隔△t12。在图3中可以在时刻t4无负载地脱开形状锁合的换挡元件，而这在图2中可以已经直接地在存在实际的换挡请求时在时刻t3完成。
据此在本发明的意义内的是，换挡策略求出要执行的换挡的可能性。如果这样的可能性高于边界值，则使对于可能要执行的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件预先无负载，确切地说在输出力矩和因而驾驶员期望力矩不变的情况下。仅仅当驾驶员期望力矩应当改变时，才显然通过影响由驱动总成提供的力矩使实际存在于输出装置上的驱动力矩跟踪驾驶员期望力矩。通过在存在实际的换挡请求之前使对于可能要执行的换挡而言要打开的形状锁合的换挡元件预先无负载，可以使为执行换挡所需的时间最少。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于执行所述方法的控制装置17。这样的控制装置17包括硬件方面的单元和软件方面的单元。硬件方面的单元指的是数据接口，以便与参与实施该方法的组件交换数据。硬件方面的单元还指的是用于数据处理的处理器和用于数据存储的存储器。软件方面的单元指的是用于执行按照本发明的方法的程序模块。
附图标记
1第一驱动总成
2第二驱动总成
3变速器
4输出装置
5行星级
6第一变速器轴/变速器输入轴
7第二变速器轴
8变速器输出轴
9换挡元件
10分离离合器
11输出力矩历程
12第一驱动总成的力矩历程
13第二驱动总成的力矩历程
14要打开的换挡元件的力矩历程
15换挡概率的信号历程
16换挡请求的信号历程
17控制装置
18力矩边界

Claims (8)

1.用于运行动力传动系的方法，该动力传动系具有多个驱动总成(1、2)、一个变速器(3)和一个输出装置(4)，其中，第一驱动总成(1)作用在变速器(3)的第一变速器轴(6)上，第二驱动总成(2)作用在变速器(3)的第二变速器轴(7)上，变速器(3)包括多个换挡元件(9)，在输出装置(4)上提供取决于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩，为了打开变速器(3)的换挡元件(9)，使要打开的换挡元件(9)无负载，其特征在于，由换挡策略在控制装置方面求出换挡请求的概率，其中，当换挡请求的概率大于限定的边界值时，便在控制装置方面预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下改变由第一驱动总成(1)和由第二驱动总成(2)提供的力矩，使得由对于被识别为可能的换挡而言要打开的换挡元件(9)传递的力矩尽可能地降低，以便使根据实际的换挡请求为执行换挡所需的时间最少。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为此针对第一驱动总成(1)和针对第二驱动总成(2)计算目标力矩，借助所述目标力矩能够在维持输出装置上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下使要打开的换挡元件(9)无负载，并且检查所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩是否违反了相应驱动总成(1、2)的力矩边界，当确定没有目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，预先在实际的换挡请求之前在维持输出装置(4)上的驾驶员期望力矩的情况下以力矩被调节的方式将第一和第二驱动总成(1、2)向相应的目标力矩引导，而当确定所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，预先在实际的换挡请求之前使要打开的换挡元件(9)仅部分地无负载。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述目标力矩中的至少一个目标力矩违反相应的力矩边界时，在维持驾驶员期望力矩的情况下以力矩被调节的方式将第一和第二驱动总成(1、2)朝向相应的目标力矩引导，直到所述驱动总成(1、2)中的一个驱动总成达到其力矩边界为止，然后保持各所述驱动总成(1、2)的力矩不变。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，只有存在实际的换挡请求时才使要打开的换挡元件完全无负载，方式是在提供不同于驾驶员期望力矩的输出力矩的情况下将未达到其力矩边界的驱动总成的力矩以力矩被调节的方式带到目标力矩。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其特征在于，第一驱动总成(1)作用在第一变速器轴(6)上，该第一变速器轴是变速器(3)的变速器输入轴，第二驱动总成(2)作用在第二变速器轴(7)上，该第二变速器轴是变速器(3)的由变速器(3)的行星级(5)提供的变速器轴，并且变速器(3)的变速器输出轴(8)作用在输出装置(4)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，第一驱动总成(1)是内燃机或第一电机，并且第二驱动总成(2)是第二电机。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征在于，作为要打开的换挡元件，使形状锁合的换挡元件(9)无负载。
8.用于运行动力传动系的控制装置，该控制装置具有多个驱动总成(1、2)、一个变速器(3)和一个输出装置(4)，其中，第一驱动总成(1)作用在第一变速器轴(6)上，第二驱动总成(2)作用在第二变速器轴(7)上，并且变速器(3)包括多个换挡元件(9)，其特征在于，设有用于执行根据权利要求1至7之一所述的方法的单元。
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