CN105813474A - 治疗先天免疫应答疾病的药物和方法 - Google Patents
治疗先天免疫应答疾病的药物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物或膳食补充剂,其包含能够水解植物食物变应原以及更特别地α?淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,从而治疗由于人的先天免疫应答引起的疾病,和/或允许延缓所述疾病的发作。本发明涉及下述发现,即Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够水解存在于小麦和相关谷物中的α?淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,所述抑制剂是先天免疫应答的强诱导剂。此外,本发明涉及用于水解α?淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的方法,其包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育包含α?淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的用于食物消费的组合物,其中所述抑制剂被水解。其还涉及酶组合物,所述组合物包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶和额外的酶,以及涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的食物材料。
Description
发明简述
本发明涉及药物或膳食补充剂,其包含能够水解植物食物变应原以及更特别地α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,从而治疗由于人的先天免疫应答引起的疾病,和/或允许延缓所述疾病的发作。本发明涉及下述发现,即Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够水解存在于小麦和相关谷物中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,所述抑制剂是先天免疫应答的强诱导剂。此外,本发明涉及用于水解α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的方法,其包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育包含α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的用于食物消费的组合物,其中所述抑制剂被水解。其还涉及酶组合物,所述组合物包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶和额外的酶,以及涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的食物材料。
发明背景
植物食物变应原是一群广泛的植物蛋白,其包含植物防御体系的桶状蛋白(cupin)和醇溶谷蛋白超家族以及蛋白类分子。所述醇溶谷蛋白超家族包括豆类、坚果、谷物、水果和蔬菜的几种重要类型的变应原,以及谷物α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶抑制剂。谷物醇溶谷蛋白是谷物颗粒胚乳的主要贮藏蛋白,并在小麦中被命名为麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白(gliadin),在黑麦中被命名为黑麦醇溶蛋白(secalin),在大麦中被命名为大麦醇溶蛋白(hordein)。蛋白类α-淀粉酶抑制剂是非麸质蛋白。基于结构相似,具有植物来源的蛋白类α-淀粉酶抑制剂通常分为六个家族,包括凝素样(lectin-like)、诺特样(knottin-like)、CM-蛋白、库尼兹样(Kunitz-like)、C-嘌呤硫素样以及奇异果甜蛋白样(thaumatin-like)(Richardson,1990)。CM(氯仿-甲醇)-蛋白来自谷物种子的大蛋白家族,包含120至160个氨基酸残基和五个二硫键。它们显示了典型的双头α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶结构域。这一特性使得它们有可能抑制α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶样的酶的活性。α-淀粉酶抑制剂0.19是该家族被研究最多的抑制剂之一;其具有广泛的特异性,并抑制来自昆虫、鸟类和哺乳动物的α-淀粉酶。
此外,植物防御性蛋白质还包括蛋白酶抑制剂。大多数植物贮藏器官,如种子和块茎含有它们的总蛋白的1-10%作为蛋白酶抑制剂,所述抑制剂具有不同的生物化学性能和结构性能,抑制不同类型的蛋白酶。基于它们抑制的酶的类型,蛋白抑制剂被分为:丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或金属羧基蛋白酶抑制剂。
WO2011/137322最近公开,小麦以及相关的谷物中包含的非麸质α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂家族的成员是人体肠道中的先天免疫应答的强诱导剂,从而导致例如乳糜泻的疾病。而且,α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂是例如麸质敏感、肠易激综合症、炎性肠病的疾病或病症的关键诱因,但也是非肠道炎症的疾病或病症的关键诱因。
乳糜泻(celiac disease),又称乳糜泄(celia sprue)、麸质敏感性肠病或麸质不耐受,是世界上最常见的食物不耐受之一,在欧洲、北美、南美和澳大利亚的患病率最高。乳糜泻是有遗传倾向的人的小肠上部的炎性疾病,由摄入小麦、大麦、黑麦及其杂交相关(cross-related)品种触发,导致吸收不良综合症。
麸质是常见的存在于小麦、大麦、黑麦及其杂交相关品种的膳食蛋白。麸质是富含谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸的麦谷蛋白分子和麦谷醇溶谷蛋白分子的复杂混合物,其被认为是诱导敏感人类个体乳糜泻的责任因素。因为它们不寻常的结构,具有高的脯氨酸和谷氨酰胺含量,麸质蛋白部分地对肠酶有抗性,从而产生可被肠道免疫系统感知的数个未被分解的免疫原性肽。敏感个体对所述蛋白的摄入导致在正常情况下繁复的、地毯样的小肠的上皮层的扁平化,小肠已知负责肽和其他营养物的有效的和广泛的终端消化。乳糜泄的临床症状包括疲劳、慢性腹泻、营养素吸收不良、体重减轻、腹胀、贫血以及骨质疏松和肠恶性肿瘤(淋巴瘤和癌)发生的实质性加强的风险。该病在欧洲和北美的人口大约有1/200的发病率。
麸质不耐受的当前关键的治疗是膳食中永久地严格避免麸质形式,而这是很难持续的。然而,定义两种类型的麸质不耐受对于理解疾病如何被肠道中的酶作用影响是重要的。乳糜泄是自身免疫病症,是小肠的遗传炎性病症。当麸质蛋白在消化过程中被分解,它们变成片段。这些蛋白片段被称为肽。在乳糜泄患者中,小肠的不适当的免疫系统应答由一种类型的肽的启动,并且肠细胞被损害。
麸质不耐受的另一种类型导致,当肠道由乳糜泻以外的原因而受损时—细菌或酵母感染的负效应,例如导致肠酶的损失,其继而导致差的麸质消化。而向个体补充酶对于乳糜泄患者可能是有益的,由于微量的麸质未被消化时自身免疫反应的可能的强度,他们必须保持严格的无麸质膳食。
对于处于发生麸质不耐受风险的个体、麸质敏感的个体或当麸质不耐受是由于肠道损伤时,使用特定的酶作为补充可以有效地最小化无麸质膳食的需求。
用于麸质解毒的外源性蛋白水解酶的使用是乳糜泄管理中最有希望的策略之一。所述酶已经用于含有麸质的面粉的预处理以及被用作补充剂。脯氨酰内肽酶是已知的消化麸质的酶,其被表明消化麦醇溶蛋白肽(WO2002/45524与WO 2002/46381)。
WO 2011/137322公开了使用抗α-淀粉酶的抗体CM3来治疗乳糜泻患者或处理食物组合物,并考虑使用蛋白酶作为替代。然而,其没有讨论对于有效水解胃肠道中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的特定的酶处理或来源于小麦、大麦、黑麦及其杂交品种的食物的预处理中的特定的酶处理。
吲哚和嘌呤硫素包含富硫的和碱性的低分子量蛋白的组,所述蛋白存在于几个禾本科胚乳。例如,来自小麦、黑麦和大麦的α-嘌呤硫素的序列同一性是大于80%。嘌呤硫素是由世界卫生组织-免疫学学会国际联盟指定为“Tri a 37”的变态反应的家族成员,并可以表示小麦诱发的过敏反应的增加的风险的诊断标记(Pahr等人,J Allergy Cin Immunol.,132(4),pp 1000-1003)。
需要是提供安全、有效的和成本有竞争力的方式来分解胃肠道中的以及含有下述抑制剂的食物组合物中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶,来治疗乳糜泻,提高乳糜泄的或非乳糜泄的麸质敏感个体的胃肠舒适感,或通过减少肠道向植物变应原以及更特别地α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂如CM 3和0.19的暴露来延缓非乳糜泻麸质敏感的健康个体的胃肠不适的发作。根据本发明的用途不仅解决了麸质敏感/变态反应的问题,但也能够在用于分解啤酒中的淀粉酶胰蛋白酶抑制因子时稳定泡沫。
发明详述
令人惊奇的是,本发明人发现酶:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶具有很大的潜力来水解植物变应原,如个体胃肠系统中的以及含有下述抑制剂的食物基质中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,因此可用作药物、膳食补充剂,用在食物预处理或制备被烘焙的产品的方法中。
本发明因此涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶、脯氨酰内肽酶和药学或膳食上可接受的赋形剂的膳食补充剂或药物组合物。Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(AGP)以前被称为曲霉胃蛋白酶(aspergillopepsin)II,其分离自Aspergillus niger var.macrosporus(EC 3.4.23.19),是属于肽酶家族A4的独特的蛋白酶。该酶与属于肽酶家族A1的天冬氨酸蛋白酶是不同源的,其为典型的胃蛋白酶型酸性蛋白酶,因此对于它们的特定抑制剂如胃酶抑制素A是不敏感的。因此该酶也被归类“胃酶抑制素不敏感型”酸性蛋白酶。在至今已知的谷氨酸肽酶中,AGP是有特点的因为它是唯一的两链酶。所述酶的氨基酸序列与那些典型的天冬氨酸蛋白酶无同源性。
根据本发明的术语Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶包括与Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(UniProtKB/SWISS-PROT识别号P24665)的氨基酸序列具有至少70%同一性的酶,例如与P24665具有至少80、85、90、95、98、99%的同一性的酶。根据本发明的最优选的同源性酶是来自Scytalidium lignicolum的scytalidoglutamis肽酶,来自Crypphonectriaparasitica的酸肽酶B和C以及来自Sclerotina sclerotiorum的酸性蛋白酶。
本文所公开的膳食补充剂或药物组合物中的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可以以纯的形式存在,或作为制剂的形式存在,所述制剂包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,其中至少40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或更多的蛋白酶活性来自Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,其中所述活性以HPU(组氨酸蛋白酶单位)表示;1HPU是每分钟水解一定量血红蛋白,给出在275nm下的光密度等于在0.1mol/L的HCl溶液中含有每mL1μg L-酪氨酸的溶液的光密度的溶液的酶的量。测试的条件是:pH1.75,温度40℃,孵育期间血红蛋白浓度16.7g/L。
活性(HPU/mL)=(OD样品–OD空白/S)x 11/30
其中:
OD样品:样品滤液的光密度(275nm)
OD空白:样品空白滤液的光密度(275nm)
S:1.1μg/mL的L-酪氨酸标准溶液的OD(mL/μg)
30:孵育时间(分钟)
11:反应混合物总体积(mL)。
根据本发明的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可以如蛋白水解酶手册,A.J.Barret,N.D.Rawlings与J.F.Woessner编;Academic Press的公开,或PCT/EP2013/066899的公开来制备。
术语“药物组合物”是指药物或药剂,而术语“膳食补充剂”是指以单剂量或多剂量单元包装的用于人类膳食的补充的小量活性组成部分。膳食补充剂通常不提供大量的热量,但可含有如维生素或矿物质的其它微量营养。
根据本发明的膳食补充剂或药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的赋形剂。“赋形剂”是指赋形剂、载体或稀释剂,包括但不限于水、任何来源的明胶、植物胶、木质素磺酸盐、滑石、糖、淀粉、纤维素、微晶纤维素、阿拉伯胶、植物油、聚亚烷基二醇、调味剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、缓冲液、润滑剂、着色剂、湿润剂、填充剂等等。载体材料可以是适合用于口服的/胃肠外的/可注射的施用的有机的或无机的惰性载体物质。
在本发明中,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶膳食补充剂或药物组合物提供每份1至100HPU单位,优选地每份10至50HPU的Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
此外,根据本发明的膳食补充剂或药物组合物还包含脯氨酰内肽酶。哺乳动物的脯氨酰内肽酶是属于丝氨酸肽酶的独立类别的大的胞质酶。首次被描述为在兔脑的细胞溶质中作为寡肽酶,在Pro-Phe键上分解九肽缓激肽。所述酶参与肽激素和神经肽的成熟和分解,例如α-黑素细胞刺激激素、促黄体激素释放激素(LH-RH)、促甲状腺素释放激素、血管紧张素、神经降压素、催产素、P物质和血管升压素。脯氨酰寡肽酶在脯氨酸残基的C端侧上切割肽键。其活性被限制为对小于10kD的寡肽的作用并且其对脯氨酸之前的肽键的反式构型有绝对的要求。
根据本发明的最优选的脯氨酰内肽酶是真菌Aspergillus niger脯氨酰-内肽酶(AN-PEP)。AN-PEP可以来源于DSM Food Specialties(Delft,荷兰)。AN-PEP和AGP的组合允许在单个膳食补充剂或药物组合物中通过提供用于水解胃肠道中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂和麸质表位两者的酶来解决麸质不耐受/敏感两个方面。在这种情况下,膳食补充剂或药物组合物提供了从10000到100000蛋白酶皮摩尔国际的脯氨酰内肽酶。脯氨酸蛋白酶单位(PPU)被定义为使用0.37mM Z-Gly-Pro-pNA(Bachem,Bubendorf,瑞士)作为底物在柠檬酸盐/磷酸二钠缓冲液(pH4.6)中在37℃下的每分钟释放1μmol对硝基苯胺的酶的量。
根据本发明的膳食补充剂或药物组合物还可以进一步包含曲霉胃蛋白酶I。曲霉胃蛋白酶I(EC 3.4.23.18)也称为Aspergillus酸性蛋白酶,具以广泛特异性催化蛋白质的水解。通常它倾向于P1和P1'的疏水残基,但也接受P1中的赖氨酸,这导致了胰蛋白酶原的激活。适合本发明的所有实施方式的曲霉胃蛋白酶I可从Aspergillus niger、Aspergillus saitoi和Trichoderma reesei分离。优选地,根据本发明的曲霉胃蛋白酶I从Aspergillus niger分离。在这样的情况下,膳食补充剂或药物组合物提供每份1至1000HPU单位,更优选地每份1至100HPU单位的曲霉胃蛋白酶I酶。
根据本发明的膳食补充剂或药物组合物可以是适合施用给人的任何任何盖伦形式(galenic form),但是固体或液体口服形式是优选的,例如,以固体形式,例如用于食物、片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊、粘性配制剂和泡腾配制剂(如粉末和片剂)的添加剂/补充剂。所述膳食和药物组合物可以是受控的(延缓的)释放的配制剂的形式。
在本发明的所有的实施方案中,根据本发明的膳食补充剂或药物组合物优选地是片剂、胶囊、小药囊(sachet)或包括液体配制剂的任何其它剂型的形式。更优选地,其为片剂或胶囊的形式。胶囊、片剂或小药囊或其他剂型可以是在可采取任何常规方式的容器中。例如,剂型可以在包含预定量的剂型的罐子、瓶子、锡盒、壶、分配器、小药囊或类似物中售卖,所述预定量例如是30天的供应量、60天的供应量、90天的供应量或任何期望的量。另外地和任选地,所述胶囊可以是泡罩包装,其中每个泡罩包含预定数目的胶囊,通常是单剂量(经常地1-4个胶囊)。以组售卖的泡罩内胶囊数量、单个泡罩包装条中泡罩的数量以及泡罩包装条的数量的安排可以是任何方便的量或配置。
根据本发明的膳食或药物组合物还可以包含保护性水胶体(例如胶、蛋白、改性的淀粉)、粘合剂、成膜剂、包封剂/材料、壁/壳材料、基质化合物、包衣、乳化剂、表面活性剂、增溶剂(油、脂肪、蜡、卵磷脂等等)、吸附剂、载体、填充剂、辅助化合物、分散剂、湿润剂、加工助剂(溶剂)、流动剂、遮味剂、增重剂、胶化剂(gelling agents)、凝胶形成剂、抗氧化剂和抗微生物剂。
在本发明的上下文中,药物组合物有或没有处方出售,而膳食补充剂没有医疗处方直接交易以及被认为是食物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明还涉及含有Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的膳食补充剂或药物组合物用作药物。因此,本发明涉及含有Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的膳食补充剂或药物组合物用作治疗疾病的药物的用途。优选地,所述药物是用于治疗患有肠的先天免疫应答的患者。甚至更优选地,所述药物用于乳糜泻、非乳糜泄麸质不耐受、麸质敏感、肠易激综合征或炎性肠病的治疗。最优选地,所述药物是膳食补充剂,所述膳食补充剂用于维持或增强麸质敏感个体的胃肠舒适感,或用于延缓乳糜泻或非乳糜泻麸质敏感个体的胃肠不适的发生,以及用于在健康个体中减少α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的暴露,从而支持消化。在通过Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的其迅速分解的基础上,由本发明的组合物分解的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂是植物变应原:CM 2、CM 3、CM 16和0.19,更优选地CM 3和0.19,。CM 3氨基酸序列识别号是SwissProtP01083,而0.19氨基酸序列识别号是Swiss Prot P01085。
根据本发明的药物或膳食补充剂由以下个体使用:其希望减少其对植物蛋白的食物变态反应的发生风险以及其正经历与乳糜泄以及非乳糜泄麸质不耐受有关的胃肠不适。
在一个优选的实施方式中,所述药物在餐食摄入之前或之后1小时内口服施用。
“胃肠舒适感”-对于生活质量是核心的。促进胃肠消化舒适感包括调节通过胃肠道的转运时间以及缓解与消化和相关病症有关的疼痛。
“非乳糜泄麸质敏感”-非乳糜泄麸质敏感被创造来描述不能耐受麸质和经历类似乳糜泄的那些症状的个体,但是所述个体缺乏如乳糜泄所表现出的相同的抗体和肠损伤。非乳糜泄麸质敏感是麸质不耐受的另一种形式,其中免疫应答的表征较少。非乳糜泄麸质敏感与乳糜泄共享许多症状。然而,根据Sapone等人(2012),非乳糜泄麸质敏感的个体普遍有肠道外或非胃肠症状,如头痛,“朦胧意识”(“foggy mind”),关节疼痛,腿、手臂或手指的麻木。症状经常在麸质被摄入数小时或数天后出现,这是先天免疫病症如非乳糜泄麸质敏感的典型应答。
“健康个体”-在本发明的上下文中使用时,健康个体没有被诊断为患有乳糜泻。
“延缓…发作”是指包括所述病症的改善,症状的严重程度的减轻,早期干预以及疾病发作前的持续时间的加长,并且不旨在限于病人不能经历胃肠不适的任何症状的情形。
对于根据本发明的用途,所述药物或膳食补充剂是在餐前或餐后1小时内经口施用。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及用于分解食物组合物中的植物变应原的方法,其包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育含有植物变应原的食物组合物足够长时间来水解植物变应原。本领域的技术人员将估计将添加到食物中的酶的量,分解食物变应原所需要的时间取决于被处理的食物组合物。食物变应原的检测可以通过使用特异性抗体或通过质谱法根据本领域已知的方法有效地进行。对于啤酒基质,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在50至2000HPU/百升啤酒,优选地100至1000HPU/hl啤酒下被添加。对于烘焙的组合物基质,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可在10至5000HPU/kg组合物下被添加。合适的烘焙组合物基质包括但不限于烘焙的组合物。
令人惊奇的是,在啤酒处理中在包括0.5和500mg/hl之间,优选地1和50mg/hl之间,更优选地10至20mg/hl之间的低浓度下使用曲霉谷氨酸肽酶时,发生啤酒泡沫的稳定化。
在通过Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的其迅速分解的基础上,由Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶分解的植物变应原优选地是那些在小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和它们的杂交品种发现的,如α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,更优选地,植物变应原是CM 2、CM 3、CM 16和0.19,并且甚至更优选的CM 3和0.19。CM 3氨基酸序列标识号是SwissProt P01083,而0.19氨基酸序列标识号是Swiss Prot P01085。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述食物组合物是含有小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和/或它们的杂交品种的食物。优选的食物组合物是啤酒,啤酒生产涉及的各种工艺阶段、烘焙的组合物、面团、酸面团或被烘焙的产品如面包。
在本发明的方法中,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可以有利地被脯氨酰内肽酶,优选地Aspergillus niger脯氨酰内肽酶补充,从而还分解麸质表位,并且可选地还被曲霉胃蛋白酶I酶补充。
在上述方法中将被添加至食物组合物的酶的优选的量依赖于食物基质和麸质与α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的估计量。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及通过上述用于分解食物产品中的植物变应原的方法制备的食物材料,包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育含有植物变应原的食物组合物足够长时间来水解植物变应原,所述食物组合物包含被分解的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。优选的食物是被烘焙的产品,如面包、面团、啤酒。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明还涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的烘焙的组合物和酶组合物或面团。其还涉及制备面团的方法,所述方法包括将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶加至至少一个面团成分的步骤。
被烘焙的产品常常采用含有麸质的面粉制成。因此,被烘焙的产品呈现为可与麸质敏感的个体有关的食物产品。根据本发明的烘焙的组合物包含优选地以面粉的形式的小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和/或它们的杂交品种以及Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。烘焙的组合物可以包含10至5000HPU Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶/kg面粉。
在一个方面,烘焙的组合物包含20至3000HPU/kg面粉的,在一个方面30至1000HPU/kg面粉的,40至500HPU/kg面粉的,50至250HPU/kg面粉的量的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。在一个方面,烘焙的组合物包含具备约1000至50000HPU/g范围的活性的1ppm-2000ppm的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
在一个方面,烘焙的组合物包含具备约1000至50000HPU/g的范围的活性的10-200ppm Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
根据本发明的烘焙的组合物可以包含至少一种如本文所述的额外的酶。
“额外的酶”-此处以及以下的术语额外的酶包括但不限于以下酶,例如α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、麦芽糖淀粉酶的淀粉酶;环糊精葡聚糖转移酶;蛋白酶、肽酶,如脯氨酰内肽酶,优选地,Aspergillus niger脯氨酰内肽酶,从而来分解麸质表位,以及可选地具有曲霉胃蛋白酶I酶;转谷氨酰胺酶;脂肪酶如三酰基甘油脂肪酶、半乳糖脂酶、磷脂酶、纤维素、半纤维素酶,特别是戊聚糖酶如木聚糖酶;蛋白质二硫键异构酶,如在WO 95/00636中公开的蛋白质二硫键异构酶;糖基转移酶、过氧化物酶;漆酶或氧化酶如己糖氧化酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、醛糖氧化酶、吡喃糖氧化酶、脂氧合酶或L-氨基酸氧化酶或形成G4的淀粉酶。
在根据本发明的酶组合物的一个实施方式中,所述额外的酶是脂肪分解酶,优选地磷脂酶、半乳糖酶或具有磷脂酶和半乳糖脂酶两种活性的酶。
在根据本发明的酶组合物的一个实施方式中,所述额外的酶是如在WO2009/106575中描述的来自DSM的合适的脂解酶可以包括来自Novozymes的以及
在本发明的酶组合物的一个实施方式中,所述额外的酶是如WO9826057所描述的,或如US RE38507所描述的,或如WO9943794所描述的,特别地EP1058724B1所描述的酶。
在根据本发明的酶组合物的一个方面,所述额外的酶是如US8426182所描述的淀粉酶。
所述额外的酶可以包括形成G4的淀粉酶。形成G4的淀粉酶是尤其能够催化淀粉分解的酶。特别地,其能够切割淀粉的α-D-(l—>4)糖苷链接。其可以被称为作葡聚糖1,4-α-麦芽四糖淀粉酶(EC 3.2.1.60)。其也可以称为作为麦芽四糖淀粉酶。合适的形成G4的淀粉酶可以是在WO9950399、WO2005007818、WO2004111217、WO2005003339、WO2005007818、WO2005007867、WO2006003461、WO2007007053、WO2007148224、WO2009083592、WO2009088465的任一项中所描述的形成G4的淀粉酶。
食物产品的例子是被烘焙的产品。
“被烘焙的产品”-术语被烘焙的产品是指由面团制备的被烘焙的食物产品。被烘焙的产品(不管是白、黑或粗面粉(whole-meal)类型)的例子(其由本发明有利地生产)包括,通常为面包块或面包卷形式的面包(特别是白面包、粗面粉面包或黑麦面包)、法棍型(French baguette-type)面包、油酥糕点(pastries)、牛角面包、黄油鸡蛋面包(brioche)、意大利节日蛋糕(panettone)、通心粉、面条(煮或(翻)炒)、皮塔饼和其他扁面包、玉米饼、玉米卷、蛋糕、煎饼、饼干尤其是酥饼干(biscuits)、甜甜圈、包括酵母发酵的甜甜圈、百吉饼、馅饼皮、馒头、脆面包、布朗尼、单层蛋糕(sheet cakes)、休闲食物(如椒盐卷饼(pretzel)、玉米片、合成点心、合成薯片)。术语被烘焙的产品包括,含有2-30wt%糖的面包、含有水果的面包、早餐谷物、谷物棒、不含蛋的蛋糕、软面包卷和无麸质面包。此处及之后的无麸质面包是含有至多20ppm麸质的面包。几种谷类和淀粉来源被认为是对于无麸质膳食可以接受的。常用的来源是土豆、大米和木薯淀粉(tapioca)(来自木薯(cassava))。被烘焙的产品包括但不限于模制面包、面包块、绞花面包、小圆面包如汉堡小圆面包或小圆慢头、印度薄饼(chapati)、面包干、干馒头片、面包屑、无酵饼(matzos)、佛卡夏面包(focaccia)、梅尔巴吐司(melba toast)、特制加蛋烤面包片(zwieback)、烤面包丁(croutons)、软脆饼干、软和硬面包、面包条、酵母发酵和化学发酵的面包、叠层面团产品如丹麦糕点、牛角面包或泡芙糕点产品、松饼(muffin)、丹麦包、百吉饼、糖果包衣、薄饼干(crackers)、威化饼、比萨饼皮、玉米饼、通心粉产品、油煎薄饼、华夫饼、半烘焙(parbaked)产品及冷藏的和冷冻的面团产品。本文的蛋糕包括但不限于重油类蛋糕(shortened cakes),例如镑蛋糕和黄油蛋糕,还包括发泡蛋糕(foam cake),例如蛋白甜饼、海绵蛋糕、饼蛋糕(biscuit cake)、蛋糕卷(roulade)、热那亚蛋糕(genoise)和戚风蛋糕
半烘焙产品的例子包括但不限于在销售或消费时通过短暂的第二烘焙过程完成的部分烘焙的面包。面包可以是白的盘式面包(pan bread)或棕的盘式面包;所述面包可以例如使用所谓的美式中种发酵法(Sponge andDough Method)或美式直接方法(Direct method)来制造。
“面团”-术语"面团"在本文被定义为面粉和其他成分,特别地面团成分的混合物。一方面,面团足够紧实以揉捏或滚动。面团可以是新鲜的、冷冻的、制备好的或半烘焙的。冷冻面团的制备由Kulp与Lorenz在冷冻的和冷藏的面团和面糊(Forzen and Refrigerated Doughs and Batters)中描述。本文的术语面团包括面糊。面糊是一种或更多种面粉与例如水、乳或蛋的液体相组合的半液体混合物,其足够稀薄,能够从勺中落下或倒出,其用于制备多种食物包括蛋糕。
“面团成分”-面团成分包括选自下述物质的任何组分:面粉,蛋,水,盐,糖,调味剂,脂肪(包括黄油、人造黄油、油和起酥油),发面酵母,化学发酵系统,乳,氧化剂(包括抗坏血酸、溴酸盐和偶氮二甲酰胺(ADA)),还原剂(包括L-半胱氨酸),乳化剂(包括单/二甘油酯、单甘油酯如单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)、硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)、硬脂酰乳酸钙(CSL)、脂肪酸聚甘油酯(PGE)和二乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯(DATEM),胶(包括瓜尔豆胶和黄原胶),酸(包括柠檬酸、丙酸),淀粉,改性淀粉,麸质,湿润剂(包括甘油)和防腐剂。
在一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及酶组合物,其包含Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以及至少一种额外的酶。所述酶组合物可以包含10至5000HPU Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶/kg的组合物。
在一个方面,所述酶组合物包含具有约1000至50000HPU/g范围的活性的1ppm-2000ppm的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。在一个方面,所述酶组合物包含具备约1000至50000HPU/g的范围的活性的10-200ppm Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的酶组合物以干燥形式被提供,允许容易地添加至面团或至少一种面团成分,但液体形式也是可以的。
根据本发明的制备面团的方法,包括将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶添加至至少一个面团成分的步骤。Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可以在面团制备的任何步骤中加入,并可以以一个、两个或更多个步骤来添加。
如果一个或多个额外的酶是这些酶,其可以单独添加或与根据本发明的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶一起添加的酶,例如作为根据本发明的酶组合物,
本发明还涉及用于生产被烘焙的产品的方法,所述方法包括烘焙根据本发明的面团。在用于生产被烘焙的产品的方法的一个实施方式中,所述被烘焙的产品是面包或蛋糕。
本领域的技术人员知道如何从面团成分开始制备面团或被烘焙的产品。本发明还涉及通过根据本发明的用于生产被烘焙的产品的方法能够获得的被烘焙的产品。
本发明还涉及Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于被烘焙的产品的生产的用途。
附图说明
图1:在模拟的胃部条件下,小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂与不同的蛋白酶加胃蛋白酶的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。还包括没有额外的酶的胃蛋白酶处理的两个对照。箭头指示存在于α淀粉酶制剂的三个主要蛋白质产物的位置。
-分子量标记:泳道1、2和15
-A.niger脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶处理:t=0分钟,泳道3;t=90分钟,泳道4
-A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:t=0分钟,泳道5;t=90分钟,泳道6
-胃蛋白酶:t=0分钟,泳道7;t=90分钟,泳道8
-木瓜蛋白酶:t=0分钟,泳道9;t=90分钟,泳道10
-MULTIFECT PR 15L:t=0分钟,泳道11;t=90分钟,泳道12
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I:t=0分钟,泳道13;t=90分钟,泳道14
-胃蛋白酶:t=0分钟,泳道16;t=90分钟,泳道17。
图2:小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂的制备型SDS-PAGE来鉴定存在于带B1至G1中的丰度最高的蛋白质的性质。
图3:在模拟的胃部条件下具有增加的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(AGP)浓度的标准化量的小麦麸质的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。箭头指示小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂0.19、CM2和CM16的位置(见实施例1)。
-分子量标记(Mark 12TM Unstained Standard,Life Technologies):泳道13。
-纯化的α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂:泳道14。
-不添加Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道1=0分钟,泳道2=60分钟
-加入0.09mg/ml Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道3=0分钟,泳道4=60分钟
-加入0.19mg/mlAspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道5=0分钟,泳道6=60分钟
-加入0.28mg/mlAspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道7=0分钟,泳道8=60分钟
-加入0.37mg/mlAspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道9=0分钟,泳道10=60分钟
-加入0.47mg/mlAspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:泳道11=0分钟,泳道12=60分钟
图4:在模拟的胃部条件下具有不同的蛋白酶的小麦衍生的嘌呤硫素加胃蛋白酶的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。箭头指示纯化的嘌呤硫素的位置。
-分子量标记:泳道1、2、9和10
-A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:t=0分钟,泳道3;t=90分钟,泳道4
-A.niger脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶:t=0分钟,泳道5;t=90分钟,泳道6
-MULTIFECT PR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶)t=0分钟,泳道7;和t=90分钟,第8道。
图5:在模拟的胃部条件下,具有不同的蛋白酶的小麦衍生的嘌呤硫素加胃蛋白酶的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。箭头指示纯化的嘌呤硫素的位置。
-分子量标记:泳道1
-纯化的小麦嘌呤硫素:泳道2
-MULTIFECTPR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶;HTTP://biosciences.dupont.com):t=0,泳道3;t=90分钟,泳道4
-90%(w/w存在的的酶蛋白)MULTIFECT PR 15L和10%A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的混合物:t=0分钟,泳道5;t=90分钟,泳道6
-曲霉酸性蛋白酶(Proctase)(由A.niger分泌的蛋白酶整合约85%的曲霉胃蛋白酶I的非GMO混合物)t=0分钟,泳道7;t=90分钟,泳道8。
本发明通过下列实施例进一步说明。
实施例
实施例1:在模拟的胃部条件下,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶有效地切割小麦衍生的α淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,而其它的酸性内切蛋白酶不是有效的。
材料与方法
来自Aspergillus niger的曲霉胃蛋白酶I的生产
来自Aspergillus niger的曲霉胃蛋白酶I基因(pepA;An14g04710)用如WO 98/46772中所述的方法在A.niger宿主中过表达。WO 98/46772公开了在含有乙酰胺的琼脂平板上如何选择转化体并选择目标多拷贝整合体。含有表达盒的多拷贝的A.niger转化体被选择用于进一步产生样品材料。转化的A.niger菌株在改良的CSM发酵培养基,pH6.2(40g/l麦芽糖、30g/L细菌大豆蛋白胨、70g/l柠檬酸钠三元二水合物、15g/l(NH4)2SO4、1g/l NaH2PO4*2H2O、1g/l MgSO4*7H2O、1g/l L-Arg、0.25ml/l Clerol消泡剂)中被发酵。获得的培养液被过滤、灭菌过滤然后通过超滤浓缩。色谱法通过将酶施加于50mmol/l乙酸钠中的Q-琼脂糖XK 26/10柱pH5.6进行,随后用盐梯度洗脱。4-12%SDS-PAGE(NuPAGE Bis-Tris Gel,Invitrogen)之后通过判定着色的蛋白带的强度定量各个级分的曲霉胃蛋白酶I蛋白质的存在。
酶法测定
在50mmol/l柠檬酸钠中在pH4.0在37℃下进行90分钟孵育。在所有相关的孵育中,胃蛋白酶以0.2mg/ml的酶蛋白浓度存在。在0.5mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度中测试脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶,在0.05mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度中测试其他酸性内切蛋白酶。淀粉酶抑制剂最后加入并以2mg/ml的浓度存在。
在t=0,100微升反应混合物被转移至400微升25%的TCA。在37℃下孵育90分钟后,另100微升转移到400微升的新鲜TCA溶液。在4℃下2小时后,将样品在14000rpm下离心10分钟。离心后,65微升磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7中加入25微升十二烷基硫酸锂(LiDS)和10微升样品还原剂。样品被存储在4℃下过夜,然后按照Invitrogen方案(Invitrogen,www.lifetechnologies.com)制备用于SDS-PAGE。
A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶活性(HPU)的测定
20.0g来自牛血的血红蛋白(Sigma产品H2625)在室温下通过搅拌10分钟悬浮于约700mL水中。在加入3.73克氯化钾(KCl)后,用0.5mol/L盐酸将pH调节至1.75。血红蛋白悬浮液的体积用水调节至1L。将pH再次检查并调节至pH 1.75。
通过将如上所公开地产生的纯化的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶溶解于含有3.73g/lKCl的KCl/HCl缓冲液制备酶溶液,用2.0mol/L盐酸调节至pH 1.75。为了测试曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的活性,将5ml的血红蛋白溶液在40℃下加热,随后加入1mL具有5和25组氨酸蛋白酶单位(HPU/mL)之间的活性的酶溶液来启动反应。30分钟后,反应通过加入5mL三氯醋酸溶液(140g/l)来沉降较大的肽片段而停止。通过向5mL血红蛋白溶液和5mL三氯醋酸溶液的混合物中加入1.0毫升酶样品完成空白测量。将试管在40℃下孵育30分钟来完成沉降。离心后,在275nm下测量含有小肽的清澈上清液的光密度。该结果与1μg/ml的L-酪氨酸溶液相比。
1HPU是每分钟的水解一定量的血红蛋白,给出在275nm下的光密度等于在0.1mol/L的HCl溶液中含有每mL 1μg L-酪氨酸的溶液的光密度的溶液的酶的量。测试的条件是:pH1.75,温度40℃,孵育期间血红蛋白浓度16.7g/L。
活性(HPU/mL)=(OD样品–OD空白/S)x 11/30
其中:
OD样品:样品滤液的光密度(275nm)
OD空白:样品空白滤液的光密度(275nm)
S:1.1μg/mL的L-酪氨酸标准溶液的OD(mL/μg)
30:孵育时间(分钟)
11:反应混合物总体积(mL)。
LC-MS/MS分析
体外消化
将样品溶解至1mg/ml MilliQ水中。溶液在100mM NH4HCO3(pH7.8)中稀释10倍。样品通过添加DTT,5mM,在室温下孵育30分钟还原,并通过添加碘乙酰胺(IAA),5.5mM,在黑暗中室温下孵育30分钟烷基化。用胰蛋白酶在37℃过夜进行消化。
凝胶中消化
凝胶带使用ExQuest点切割器(BioRad,Hercules,CA,美国)从凝胶切出并被转移到lo-蛋白结合MTP(Eppendorf,Hamburg德国)。凝胶片通过添加75μl 50mM NH4HCO3至膨胀以及75μl乙腈至收缩来洗涤,总共3次洗涤。洗涤后的凝胶片用胰蛋白酶消化,消化通过在37℃下孵育过夜进行。将样品超声处理1分钟并收集上清液至注射小瓶。
LC-MS/MS分析
将样品酸化至1%甲酸,并在Accela-LTQ-Velos(Thermo Scientific,San Diego,CA,美国)上分析。用2.1×100mm 1.8微米粒径,孔径C-18Eclipse XDB Zorbax柱(Agilent Santa Clara,CA,美国),使用具有(A)含有0.1%甲酸的LC-MS级水和B)含有0.1%甲酸溶液的LC-MS级乙腈(Biosolve BV,荷兰)为流动相的梯度洗脱实现色谱分离。梯度在83分钟中是5至40%B。流速保持在0.4ml/min,用25μl的注射体积以及柱温设定为50℃。使用自动排除,采用排名前10的数据依赖性使用400-2000m/z的质量范围进行质谱数据采集,仅电荷态2和3被包括在内。将分离宽度设置为3.0,将正常碰撞能量设置为35,进行MS/MS实验。使用Sorcerer 2搜索引擎和TPP(Trans ProteomicPipeline)进行数据库搜索,使用胰蛋白酶作为优选的酶。只考虑置信>90%的鉴定的蛋白质。数据用Swissprot数据库检索。
结果
在本实施例中我们表明(见图1)在模拟的胃的条件下,大量的酸性内切蛋白酶中只有Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效地分解整合了各种小麦α-淀粉酶抑制剂(来自小麦种子的α-淀粉酶抑制剂,1型,Sigma)的纯化的制剂。在实验中,下列酶的功效在胃蛋白酶(对照)存在下被比较:
-胃蛋白酶(猪胃粘膜,Sigma)
-来自Aspergillus niger的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶(MaxiPro PSP,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-木瓜蛋白酶(Collupuline,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶也称为曲霉胃蛋白酶II(MaxiProHSP,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰),
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I(见材料与方法)
-MULTIFECT PR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶;http//biosciences.dupont.com)。
结果(参看图1)表明纯化的小麦麸质α-淀粉酶抑制剂制剂整合了具有约12KDa(见箭头)的大小三个主要的蛋白带。这些数据还表明,在模拟的胃部条件下和在胃蛋白酶和等量的各种蛋白酶的存在下,Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶对分解α淀粉酶抑制剂的纯化制剂中存在的这三个主要带是最有效的。
为了证实这些带中的每一个带中存在的不同的蛋白质的性质,凝胶带的样品被切出、提取并且用如上所述的材料与方法中的LC-MS/MS分析鉴定存在的蛋白质。
在该情况下,10mg/ml的Sigmaα淀粉酶抑制剂溶液用水稀释10倍。然后65微升该溶液与25微升的LiDS样品缓冲液和10微升的样品还原剂混合,在70℃下加热10分钟,之后根据Invitrogen方案蛋白通过SDS-PAGE被分离。然后用50%甲醇/7%乙酸固定凝胶1小时,用软化水清洗两次并用Sypro Ruby染色过夜。获得如图2中所示三条带(推测为α淀粉酶抑制剂)的凝胶样品。根据从所提取的蛋白质中获得的LC-MS/MS数据,存在于带C1和B1中最丰富的蛋白是小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂,具有SwissProt登录号P17314(CM 3)和P16159(CM 16),在带E1和D1中是小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂P01085(0.19)、P16851(CM 2)和P16159(CM16)和在带G1和F1中是P01083(CM 3)。
该数据表明,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在胃部条件下在分解小麦衍生的α-淀粉酶抑制剂时,以及最明显地,小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂:CM 2,CM 3,CM 16和0.19时,是出人意料地最有效的。
实施例2:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶切割啤酒中的α淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂并稳定泡沫
根据它们的氨基酸序列,大麦整合了与存在于小麦中的α淀粉酶抑制剂非常类似的α淀粉酶抑制剂。因此,啤酒呈现为食物产品,所述食物产品可能对于麸质敏感的个体是相关的。在啤酒中,如在其他食物产品中一样,α淀粉酶抑制剂作为完整的分子或足够大以致引发免疫应答的肽存在。例如,在16个不同的啤酒的LC-MS/MS分析中,我们鉴定了大于9个氨基酸的具有归因于α淀粉酶抑制剂的序列的约3300个不同的肽。该发现说明了α淀粉酶抑制剂对麸质敏感个体的潜在相关性,以及从而对于啤酒生产的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的相关性。
为了防止所谓的冷浊雾(chill haze),在啤酒发酵阶段或之外使用蛋白酶相当普遍。历史上,具有广泛特异性的酸性蛋白酶例如曲霉酸性蛋白酶(Proctase)或木瓜蛋白酶被用于此目的,但现在称为Brewers Clarex的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶呈现了优选的选择。从所述广泛特异性的酶向高度特异性的Brewers Clarex产品转变的主要的原因是,广泛特异性的酶的应用趋向于导致发泡能力差的啤酒。所以任何对啤酒泡沫的负影响是啤酒生产期间蛋白水解处理的可接受性的先决条件。为了测试Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶对啤酒泡沫形成的效果,进行以下实验。
从当地超市获得大的国际品牌的瓶装啤酒。瓶子被小心地打开,添加了相关的酶,并立即用全新的软木塞再次封闭瓶子。经过小心混合,瓶子被储存在20℃下。上述实施例1中呈现的数据显示破坏α淀粉酶抑制剂所需的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的浓度比脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶的浓度至少低至少10倍。商用脯氨酸特异性Brewers Clarex产品的典型工业用量为3g/hl啤酒,其对应每hl啤酒150mg的纯酶蛋白。在本实验中,以该浓度添加了脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶,但其它两种蛋白酶只以每hl啤酒15mg纯酶蛋白的浓度添加。培养1周后,使用Haffmans设备(Inpack 2000Sampler与Foam Stability Tester Nibem TPH组合,Haffmans BV,Venlo,荷兰)根据Analytica-EBC法9.42测量所有啤酒的泡沫稳定性。每个孵育的两个重复的平均泡沫值示于表1
正如所料,用适合冷浊雾预防的浓度(即150mg/hl)添加的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶孵育的啤酒的泡沫稳定性与参照产品(不含添加的蛋白酶的商业啤酒)获取的数据具有可比性。令人惊讶的发现是,当加入低浓度的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶或曲霉胃蛋白酶I样酶时,啤酒泡沫的稳定性显著增加,即使是与工业上使用的水平的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶组合施加也是如此。该结果表明,加入曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,例如意图破坏α淀粉酶抑制剂的大肽,具有啤酒泡沫稳定化的期望的伴随作用。
表1:用各种酶孵育的啤酒的泡沫稳定性
所添加的酶 | 泡沫(秒) |
参照 | 252 |
脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶(150mg/hl) | 250 |
脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶(15mg/hl) | 252 |
曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(15mg/hl) | 280 |
Multifect 15L(15mg/hl) | 255 |
实施例3:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以剂量依赖方式切割α淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。
在本实施例,我们确定在模拟的胃部条件下水解在1g小麦麸质中存在的α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂所需的A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶蛋白质的量。为此目的,来自小麦的麸质(Sigma)以9.35mg/ml的浓度溶解于50mmol/l柠檬酸pH 4.0。向该充分搅拌的混合物中加入胃蛋白酶酶蛋白达到0.2mg/ml的最终浓度,然后取六个1ml样品。向这六个样品添加增加量的纯A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。向样品1:未添加AGP,向样品2:添加0.09mg,向样品3:添加0.19mg,向样品4:添加0.28mg,向样品5:添加0.37mg,向最后一个样品:添加0.47mg。然后将所述不同的样品在37℃孵育60分钟,来自每个样品的等分试样在t=0分钟和t=60分钟取得用于进行SDS-PAGE分析。按照Invitrogen方案进行SDS-PAGE分析。
结果(参见图3)表明加入0.28mg的纯A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,存在于9.35mg小麦麸质的α-淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂可以在一小时期间内被水解。这意味着30mg的纯A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(对应15 000HPU)在所述的模拟的胃的条件下可以处理1g的小麦麸质。因此,α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂由经口的A.niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶制剂部分片段化之后,新生成的抑制剂肽将在通过胃期间通过胃蛋白酶以及在进入十二指肠后通过胰腺蛋白酶如胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶进一步被分解为非免疫原性寡肽。
实施例4:在胃的条件下,来自T.reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I同源物可以切割小麦衍生的嘌呤硫素。
材料与方法
嘌呤硫素如Ohtani等人(J.Biochem.82,753-767(1977))所述具有一些修改地被分离。在用20millimol/l的磷酸钠pH 7.2平衡的SPSepharose 6FF(Amersham)上用色谱法分析小麦上清液并用0至1.0mol/L线性梯度的NaCl在相同缓冲液中洗脱。通过SDS-PAGE跟踪在多个级分中具有约5kDa的分子量的纯嘌呤硫素的存在。合并显示单一蛋白质条带的级分,用Amicon 3kDa膜浓缩,然后冷冻干燥。基本上如实施例1中所述由LC-MS/MS分析使用Unipro/Swissprot数据库确认分离的蛋白质的鉴定和纯度。
酶法测定
与本申请的实施例1中规定的条件类似,具有各种蛋白酶的纯化的嘌呤硫素在50mmol/l柠檬酸钠在pH 4.0在37℃下进行90分钟孵育。在所有相关的孵育中,胃蛋白酶以0.2mg/ml的酶蛋白浓度存在。以0.11mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度测试曲霉谷氨酸肽酶、脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶和MULTIFECT PR 15L,小麦嘌呤硫素最后加入并以0.44mg/ml的浓度存在。
结果
在实验中下列酶的功效在胃蛋白酶存在下比较:
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶也被称为曲霉胃蛋白酶肽酶II(MaxiPro HSP,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰);
-来自Aspergillus niger的脯氨酸特异性内切酶(MaxiPro PSP,DSMFood Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-MULTIFECT PR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶;http//biosciences.dupont.com)。
所得到的结果(参见图4)表明在模拟的胃部条件和等量的各种蛋白酶下,来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶有效分解小麦衍生的嘌呤硫素。
实施例5:在胃的条件下小麦衍生的嘌呤硫素的切割
材料与方法
如实施例4所描述,嘌呤硫素从小麦中分离。曲霉酸性蛋白酶从Meiji(Tokyo,日本)获得。
结果
如在图5中的小麦嘌呤硫素的消化产物所示,整合了来自Aspergillusniger的曲霉胃蛋白酶I或来自Trichoderma reesei的其同源物的酶产品能在模拟的胃部条件下水解小麦嘌呤硫素。
实施例6:在其有效剂量下,曲霉谷氨酸肽酶和曲霉胃蛋白酶I样酶对啤酒泡沫没有不利影响。
啤酒整合了已知与小麦中存在的变应原性的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂高度同源的大麦衍生的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Okada等人,J.Agric.Food Chem.2008,56,1458-1464)。本申请的实施例1的结果表明曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效水解多种α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。因此,在向啤酒加入曲霉谷氨酸肽酶时,可以预期来自大麦的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂也被水解。在实施例2中,我们表明,加入相关的酸性蛋白酶对啤酒泡沫的质量没有负作用。在本实施例中,我们表明了水解如α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂和蛋白Z(Garcia-Casado等人,J Allergy Clin Immunol,108(4),pp647-649)的已知的啤酒变应原需要的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶、曲霉胃蛋白酶I和Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I同源物的酶的剂量对啤酒泡沫的稳定性无不利影响,甚至与防止冷浊雾所需要的量的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶组合(MaxiPro PSP,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰)之后也是如此。
从当地超市获得大的国际品牌的瓶装啤酒。这些瓶子被小心地打开,添加了相关的酶,并立即用全新的软木塞再次封闭瓶子。经过小心混合,瓶子在20℃储存一周。如实施例2中所述测量泡沫稳定性,每个孵育的两个重复的平均泡沫值在表2中显示。获得的数据清楚地表明添加的高剂量的各种酸性蛋白酶对形成的泡沫没有不利影响。
表2:与各种蛋白水解酶孵育的啤酒的泡沫稳定性
Claims (15)
1.一种膳食补充剂或药物组合物,其包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶、脯氨酰内肽酶,以及药学或膳食上可接受的赋形剂。
2.根据权利要求1的膳食补充剂或药物组合物,其还包含曲霉胃蛋白酶I。
3.根据权利要求1或2的膳食补充剂或药物组合物,其中所述补充剂是片剂、胶囊或液体制剂的形式。
4.一种包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的膳食补充剂或药物组合物,其用作药物。
5.根据权利要求4的用途,其中所述组合物还包含脯氨酰内肽酶,以及药学或膳食上可接受的赋形剂。
6.根据权利要求4或5的用途,其中所述组合物还包含曲霉胃蛋白酶I。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项的用途,其中所述药物用于治疗患有肠的先天免疫应答的患者。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项的用途,其中所述药物用于治疗乳糜泻、非乳糜泻麸质不耐受、麸质敏感、肠易激综合征或炎性肠病。
9.根据权利要求4至8中任一项的用途,其中所述药物是用于维持或增强麸质敏感个体的胃肠舒适感的膳食补充剂,或延缓乳糜泻或非乳糜泻麸质敏感个体的胃肠不适的发生的膳食补充剂,以及用于在健康个体中减少α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂暴露的膳食补充剂。
10.根据权利要求4至9中任一项的用途,其中所述药物在餐前或餐后1小时内经口施用。
11.一种分解食物组合物中的植物变应原的方法,其包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育含有植物变应原的食物组合物足以水解植物变应原的时间。
12.一种食物材料,其通过首先用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育含有植物变应原的食物产品足以水解植物变应原的时间而制备,所述食物材料包含被分解的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。
13.一种烘焙组合物或面团,其包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以及脯氨酰内肽酶。
14.一种制备面团的方法,其包括向至少一种面团成分加入Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的步骤。
15.一种酶组合物,其包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以及至少一种额外的酶。
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DK81193D0 (da) * | 1993-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Novo Nordisk As | Enzym |
US6960462B2 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2005-11-01 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V | Use of acid-stable subtilisin proteases in animal feed |
RU15575U1 (ru) | 2000-05-25 | 2000-10-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная компания "КЕДР-89" | Установка для димеризации легких олефинов |
DE60336754D1 (de) * | 2002-02-14 | 2011-05-26 | Univ R | Enzymbehandlung von nahrungsmitteln für zöliakie-sprue |
US7320788B2 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2008-01-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Enzyme treatment of foodstuffs for Celiac Sprue |
US7067124B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-06-27 | National Enzyme Company | Protease composition and method for treating a digestive disorder |
US7628985B2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2009-12-08 | The Board Of Regents Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Therapeutic enzyme formulations and uses thereof in celiac sprue and/or dermatitis herpetoformis |
WO2006097949A1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Actial Farmacêutica, Lda. | Mixture of at least 6 species of lactic acid bacteria and/or bifidobacteria in the manufacture of sourdough |
US8778338B2 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2014-07-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Combination enzyme therapy for digestion of dietary gluten |
US20100322912A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-12-23 | Chaitan Khosla | Combination Enzyme Therapy for Gastric Digestion of Dietary Gluten in Celiac Sprue Patients |
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2013
- 2013-12-11 EP EP13196580.8A patent/EP2883458A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-12-11 RU RU2016128070A patent/RU2671832C1/ru active
- 2014-12-11 US US15/101,630 patent/US10413599B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-11 JP JP2016536845A patent/JP6862627B2/ja active Active
- 2014-12-11 ES ES14809872T patent/ES2759065T3/es active Active
- 2014-12-11 PL PL14809872T patent/PL3079495T3/pl unknown
- 2014-12-11 WO PCT/EP2014/077355 patent/WO2015086737A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-12-11 EP EP14809872.6A patent/EP3079495B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-11 CN CN201480067431.8A patent/CN105813474A/zh active Pending
- 2014-12-11 KR KR1020167018205A patent/KR102341353B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-12-11 BR BR112016013072-3A patent/BR112016013072B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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US20070031399A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-02-08 | Luppo Edens | Use of proline specific endoproteases to hydrolyse peptides and proteins |
WO2012146717A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Preparation of an egg white composition |
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JENNIFER EHREN: "A Food-Grade Enzyme Preparation with Modest Gluten Detoxification Properties", 《PLOS ONE》 * |
TAMARA MATYSIAK–BUDNIK: "Limited Efficiency of Prolyl-Endopeptidase in the Detoxification of Gliadin Peptides in Celiac Disease", 《GASTROENTEROLOGY》 * |
Also Published As
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JP2017504581A (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
EP2883458A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
PL3079495T3 (pl) | 2020-04-30 |
EP3079495A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US10413599B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
RU2671832C1 (ru) | 2018-11-07 |
JP6862627B2 (ja) | 2021-04-21 |
BR112016013072B1 (pt) | 2021-06-01 |
US20160346364A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
KR20160090396A (ko) | 2016-07-29 |
KR102341353B1 (ko) | 2021-12-21 |
ES2759065T3 (es) | 2020-05-07 |
WO2015086737A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
BR112016013072A2 (pt) | 2018-05-22 |
EP3079495B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
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