CN105799524A - Power system for electric vehicle and driving method, braking method and electric energy supplementing method of power system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a power system for an electric vehicle. The power device comprises an electric device, a battery pack and a stroke increasing system; the electric device comprises a power source modulator, a speed reducing/ moment changing device, a driving and controlling device, a fixed body and a rotating body; the rotating body is an annular mechanical ring with a rotating shaft, and multiple rotor units are arranged on the rotating body at intervals; each rotor unit comprises one or more permanent magnetic rotor units and one or more magnetizer rotor units; the multiple permanent magnetic rotor units arranged on the rotating body are identical in polarity; the fixed body is a mechanical disc with a fixed shaft, and the fixed body is internally provided with one or more stator units and mounted to the position close to the rotating body; the fixed body and the rotating body are coaxially arranged, and a relative air gap between the fixed body and the rotating body is not greater than 40 mm; the power source modulator obtains a command of a user through the driving and controlling device and an electromagnetic braking device and outputs a time sequence current correspondingly, and driving and braking of the electrical device are achieved; the stroke increasng system supplements electric energy for the battery pack.

Description

A kind of electric motor car dynamical system and driving, braking and electric power replenishing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the dynamic design field of electric motor car, particularly to the increasing journey method for designing of the Machine Design of a kind of electric device and the driving of sequential electric current, braking method and supporting electric motor car.

Background technology

Electric bicycle market is usually the motor that adapted is arranged on wheel shaft, and motor designs is outer rotor form, and outer rotor, by the wheel rim mechanical attachment of spoke with wheel, makes rotation of wheel by motor torque.

Current electric automobile industry focus is the wheel hub motor of exploitation passenger car, is characterized as being and power, transmission and brake unit is all incorporated in wheel hub, and it is not new things, and as far back as 1900, first Porsche was just manufactured that the electric automobile of front-wheel equipment wheel hub motor.Industry specialists generally believes, owing to the structure of current wheel hub motor is except hub body, component weight is far beyond hub body (generally comprising wheel hub motor, brake disc, brake callipers, Active Suspensions motor, suspension, damping spring etc.), if motor can not be multiple subtracts pound, the technical meaning of wheel hub inner electric machine is very limited, and what existing motor did not reach far away wheel hub inner electric machine is typically designed requirement.

Fig. 1 a is the structural representation of a kind of traditional 4 pole permanent magnet brush direct current inner rotor motors, permanent magnet 13 magnetic pole replaces symmetry arrangement, apart certain interval 14 along the inner edge N/S determining body 5, some windings are arranged on turns in 6 annular regions relative with permanent magnet, outer confession unidirectional current is energized to winding by mechanical contact reversing arrangement, rotating excitation field can be internally formed and the rotation that makes to turn, export power by rotating shaft.

In recent years the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine of fast development is obtained, mainly it is made up of motor body, position detector and power inverter controller, permanent magnet is generally located on upper, N/S magnetic pole alternately certain interval arrangement apart of turning, some windings are arranged on surely internal, position detector constitutes electronic commutator together with inverter and replaces mechanical contact reversing arrangement, and winding energising forms rotating excitation field and makes rotation of turning.The degree of approximation that the subject matter of this permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine is deformed sine wave controls, the employing PWQ technology modulation although its power is powered, but is limited to the traditional design of motor interior rotating excitation field in control thought method.

Mileages of continuation is short is the weakness of present stage electric motor car, industry generally believes before high energy battery enters commercialization, mileages of continuation by increasing number of batteries lifting electric motor car is unrealistic, therefore automobile market main flow is to develop double source hybrid vehicle oily, electric at present, its design philosophy is: use the power of motor when vehicle starting or low speed, automobile is transformed to the power using internal combustion engine when reaching certain speed threshold, thus reduce automobile starting or during low speed because of exhaust pollution that fuel oil not exclusively causes at combustion in IC engine；Its technical foundation architectural feature is: fuel tank 19 provides fuel output power to internal combustion engine system 20；The parallel electric motor system 21 increasing a set of electrical connection set of cells 8 on this traditional design basis, motor is provided electric energy output power by set of cells；Two-way power shares machine driven system 23 by oil, electric power conversion device 22, is delivered on wheel hub by the power of internal combustion engine or motor, and the design of this kind of double-source dynamic can be referred to as oil, electric power parallel system, and its base structure is illustrated as shown in Figure 1 b.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention, is in that to overcome the defect of existing electronic DC motor for vehicles, it is provided that a kind of internal structure, power supply mode are different from the electric device of traditional design, a kind of range-extending technique scheme based on electric motor car is provided simultaneously, system structure is simple, and electric device torque is big, and technique easily realizes.

The dynamical system of a kind of electric motor car provided by the invention, described dynamical system includes electric device 13, set of cells 8 and increases journey system 16；Described electric device includes power supply modulator 1, deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, drives actuation means 9a, determines body 5 and turn 6；Described turning is one and has the annular machinery circle rotating axle, alternate it on is provided with some rotor unit 3b, and described rotor unit includes at least one PM rotor unit 3b1 and at least one magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2；Described PM rotor unit several when arranging on turning, its pole is to identical；Described to determine body be a mechanical disk with fixing axle, internal at least provided with a stator unit 3a and be arranged close to the position turned；Described determine body and turn concentric arrange, both are relative, and air gap 3d is not more than 40mm；Described deceleration/torque changing apparatus is arranged with concentric of turning；Described set of cells is the repeatable secondary cell used that repeatedly charges；

Described power supply modulator includes power input 1a, sequential current output terminal 1b and driving signal input 1d, the both positive and negative polarity of power input electrical connection set of cells 8, the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit, driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means；Described power supply modulator is by driving actuation means to obtain the instruction of user, and in the corresponding time sequence inside winding output current to stator unit, makes electric device realize driving/braking.

Preferably, the rated power of described power supply modulator is less than 18kW.

Rotor unit 3b (the 3b1/3b2 of described electric device, including PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2) alternate being arranged at turn on 6, its installation site include being embedded in turn outer rim, inner edge, turn inside or with integrated design manufacture of turning, be installed under the premise turned do not limit shape not affecting；Several rotor units 3b1/3b2 perfectly even arranges when turning 6 installation.

Preferably, the PM rotor unit 3b1 of described electric device several at homopolarity of turning on 6 to setting, overlap with 6 coaxial normals 10 of turning/vertical 4 kinds of typical combination states including N/S the two poles of the earth line, and N/S the two poles of the earth line deflects less than 20 degree on 4 kinds of typical combination state bases.

Preferably, the deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of described electric device includes some gear combination, its drive input and mechanical attachment of turning, its transmission output and the rotary apparatus mechanical attachment outside electric device；Deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is independently arranged, or is arranged at, with 6 integrated coaxials of turning, the outside turned.

Preferably, the stator unit 3a of described electric device is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by the good conductor loop of least one set, and its Inside coil winding can arbitrarily connect by series, parallel, or forms multi-thread external loop by drawing centre tap between different windings；Externally the mode of electrical connection can be the loop of two lines or multi-thread composition；The electromagnetic pole that stator unit energising is formed is set to and PM rotor unit 3b1 motion opposite polarity in opposite directions.

Described stator unit 3a arranges around core or several combinations, and it is preferred for obtaining maximum with its inside winding energising through the magnetic flux of air gap 3d.

Preferably, described electric device also includes sensing device, and described sensing device includes some sensing unit 3c that can sense described rotor unit and stator unit relative position；Described sensing unit electrically connects with the transducing signal input 1c of described power supply modulator；Described electric device at least interiorly or exteriorly arranges a sensing unit what turn；

Preferably, described sensing device also includes the inside winding of stator unit, and described internal winding includes surrounding the winding of stator unit magnetic core and by the multi-thread external loop being in series between some stator unit windings.

Preferably, described electric device also includes electro-magnetic braking device 9b, described power supply modulator 1 also includes brake signal input 1e, and it electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device, obtains the brake instruction of user and in the corresponding time sequence winding output current to the stator unit of electric device by electro-magnetic braking device.

The driving actuation means 9a of described electric device may be configured as conventional rotating handles formula, plug-type stick or other any manual control modes, including outside be set to remote control.

In the present invention, DC source is converted to sequential electric current by the power supply modulator of described electric device, make the stator unit in electric device be limited at power supply modulator set time domain periodic be energized and power-off.

The increasing journey system 16 of dynamical system of the present invention includes logic charging device 17 and electric energy supplementary device 18；The input 17a of described logic charging device electrically connects electric energy supplementary device, and its outfan 17b electrically connects the both positive and negative polarity of set of cells 8；Described increasing journey system in the logic working state set as set of cells electric energy supplement.

Preferably, the electric energy supplementary device 18 of described increasing journey system 16 combines with controlling device for the arbitrary one-shot battery of material, and described control device at least includes one-shot battery and starts device；

Preferably, the electric energy supplementary device 18 of described increasing journey system 16 combines with controlling system and device for internal combustion engine generator；Described internal combustion engine generator at least includes internal combustion engine and electromotor, and described control system and device at least includes fuel tank 19 and startor of internal combustion engine；The fuel of described internal combustion engine is any；

It is furthermore preferred that the electric energy supplementary device 18 of described increasing journey system 16 is formed with controlling device, internal combustion engine generator and system and device combination setting by one-shot battery.

The logic charging device 17 of described increasing journey system 16 at least includes charged with direct current device, can be independently arranged, or its part logic function or whole logic function is integrated in power supply modulator 1；The design of described logic charging device 17, what also can have one-shot battery concurrently controls device or/and the function of circuit control device of electromotor.

The present invention contains the electric motor car of any of the above-described dynamical system, and described electric motor car includes the electric motor car of one or more wheel and electronic, autocycle；The wheel of described electric motor car is at least provided with a set of electric device, and the wheel installing electric device includes single-wheel and the quasi-single-wheel structure of coaxial compact installation two wheel.

The invention also discloses the electric device driving method of previous power system, the method is controlled electric device by power supply modulator by the position relationship output timing electric current of described rotor unit 3a and stator unit 3b and rotates；

Described sequential defines according to turning direction of rotation, described sequential electric current combines the rotor unit number on turning according to stator unit electromagnetic field useful effect interval on turning and arranges several make and break periods T, and each make and break period T includes power supply time domain and power-off time domain；Described power supply time domain is positioned at the 30 degree≤θ≤90 degree corresponding time period, and described θ is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of electromagnetic field captivation suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force；In described power-off time domain, power supply modulator 1 does not export electric current.

Preferably, the electric current of described power supply time domain not notch shape, frequency and dutycycle.

Preferably, described energising time domain T₁The magnetic flux density of interior initial electric current, voltage or stator unit is obtained rotating speed instantaneous value of turning and combines the driving actuation means 9a instruction provided and adjust by sensing device.

Preferably, described method also includes aligning step；Described aligning step is that periodically trapping gap is relative, be in the state (∠ θ is 0) of same normal as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time using stator unit and rotor unit, when each forward of rotor unit to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing cycle time to reference seat target with rotor unit forward last time, thus knowing spin cycle time of turning, and control output electric current.

The invention also discloses the electric device braking method of described dynamical system, the method is according to described rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit relative with the same normal in stator unit place (θ is 0) and is in away from least one time domain of state, and power supply modulator 1 output timing electric current controls electric device braking；

Described sequential defines according to turning direction of rotation；Described rotor unit convergence stator unit is the 0≤θ≤30 degree corresponding time periods, and described θ is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of electromagnetic field captivation suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force on turning.

Preferably, described method also includes aligning step, and θ is 0 as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time by described aligning step, knows rotor unit convergence/relatively/away from the location status of stator unit by sensing device.

Described power supply modulator to electric device drive energising and braking energising logical relation be set to or.

Preferably, described output electric current rate-determining steps includes:

1) when driving actuation means 9 to power supply modulator 1 without input instruction, power supply modulator 1 dormancy；

2) when driving actuation means 9 to provide assisted instruction, power supply modulator 1 output timing electric current；

3) when electric device rotating speed or energising frequency reach the threshold value set, described power supply modulator power-off.

The invention also discloses the electric power replenishing method of the dynamical system of described electric motor car, the method needs to continue electric energy supplement for set of cells 8 in electric device 13 runs, or when set of cells real-time voltage or remaining capacity value are lower than set threshold values, enabling increasing journey system 16, making electric energy supplementary device 18 is set of cells charging electric energy supplement by logic charging device 17.

The present invention is directed to the design feature of electric device, power supply modulator is implanted numerical control programming logic, so as to the sequential logic of setting can be used to realize efficient electricity-saving.Described electric device is applied to electric motor car can use one-shot battery or secondary cell, described one-shot battery includes the battery of all disposable electric discharges and various fuel cell, for instance zinc-air battery, aluminium-air cell and hydrogen converting electrical energy etc. can provide the device of disposable electric energy；Described secondary cell is rechargeable battery after including all electric discharges, for instance lithium battery, plumbous battery, metal hydrogen storage battery etc..In view of the energy storage density of current electric motor car market institute adapted secondary cell is relatively low, the present invention is directed to this state of the art and devise and be intended to the increasing journey system that electric energy supplements, effectively solve the known subject matter that full charge endurance of electromobile is short.

It is an advantage of the current invention that: electric device has the sequential power supply energy-saving effect that periodic magnetic flow control is brought, increase the subject matter that journey system can effectively overcome full charge endurance of electromobile short, simple with the power system architecture that this scheme is designed, cost is low, effectively adapts to the designing requirement of high-end energy-saving electric vehicle.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 a is the structural representation of a kind of traditional 4 pole permanent magnet brush direct current inner rotor motors.

Fig. 1 b is the oily electric power base structure schematic diagram of conventional double source hybrid vehicle.

Fig. 2 a is a kind of base structure schematic diagram of dynamical system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 b is a kind of base structure schematic diagram of electric device motor body of the present invention.

Fig. 2 c is the another kind of base structure schematic diagram of dynamical system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 d is that PM rotor unit arranges schematic diagram at a kind of magnetic pole turned.

Fig. 2 e is that PM rotor unit arranges schematic diagram at the another kind of magnetic pole turned.

Fig. 2 f is that magnetic conductor rotor unit arranges schematic diagram in the one turned.

Fig. 3 a is that stator unit column type is set to the schematic diagram vertical with normal of turning around core.

Fig. 3 b is the schematic diagram that stator unit column type is set to around core overlap with normal of turning.

Fig. 3 c be stator unit matrix around core top just structural representation to rotating inner edge.

Fig. 4 a is electromagnetic force Directional Decomposition schematic diagram suffered by upper rotor part unit of turning.

Fig. 4 b is the view that rotor unit and stator unit are in coaxial normal.

Fig. 5 a is the groundwork logical schematic of power supply modulator.

Fig. 5 b is the block combiner schematic diagram of a kind of digital technology logic realizing power supply modulator.

Fig. 5 c is the work-based logic schematic diagram that power supply modulator sets up electro-magnetic braking device input.

Fig. 6 a is the power supply modulator output electric current time diagram in periodically break-make.

Fig. 6 b is the one energising logical schematic of a corresponding stator unit one rotor unit of combination.

Fig. 7 a is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 7 b is the power on/off time domain schematic diagram of swing circle corresponding power manipulator of turning.

Fig. 7 c is the one energising logical schematic of a corresponding stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 8 is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of two stator unit 8 rotor units of combination.

Fig. 9 is a kind of partial structurtes schematic diagram of 12 stator unit 12 rotor units of combination.

Figure 10 a is the partial structurtes schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to two wheeler.

Figure 10 b is the partial structurtes schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to carriage.

Accompanying drawing identifies:

1, power supply modulator；1a, DC supply input；1b, sequential current output terminal；1c, induced signal input；1d, train signal input；1e, brake signal input；2, deceleration/torque changing apparatus；3a, stator unit；3b, rotor unit；3b1, PM rotor unit；3b2, magnetic conductor rotor unit；3c, sensing unit；3d, air gap；4, vehicle frame；5, body is determined；6, turn；7, wheel shaft；8, secondary battery；9a, driving actuation means；9b, electro-magnetic braking device；10, coaxial normal；11, wheel tangent line；12, winding two extreme direction line；13, electric device；14, interval；15, permanent magnet；16, journey system is increased；17, logic charging device；The input of 17a logic charging device；17b, logic charging device outfan；18, electric energy supplementary device；19, fuel tank；20, internal combustion engine system；21, electric motor system；22, oily, electric power conversion device；23, machine driven system；θ, electromagnetic force angle.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail further.

Referring to Fig. 2 a, the technical characteristic of the dynamical system of the dynamical system of electric motor car of the present invention and conventional oil electricity hybrid vehicle is distinctive in that: one, increase journey system 16 unrelated with the drive system of electric motor car and dynamic transfer system: they are two years old, electric energy supplementary device 18 can be internal combustion engine generator combination system or one-shot battery combination system, or its combination；Its three, the electric device base structure of dynamical system is different from control mode.

Electric device of the present invention is except the method to set up driving electric current is different from routine techniques, and the base structure of motor body also has brush or brushless direct current motor existence to be clearly distinguished from Conventional permanent magnet, as shown in Figure 2 b:

1, body portion is determined: electromagnetic force is derived from the separate unit of good wire wounded core, described good wire generally uses copper material or copper-plated metal, magnetic core uses conventional magnetic media material, such magnetizing mediums be known to the skilled person a kind of under the action of a magnetic field internal state change and produce the material of higher complementary field.

2, rotor sections: the rotor unit of upper setting of turning has permanent magnet and magnetic conductor bi-material, such magnetic conductor be known to the skilled person a kind of under the action of a magnetic field internal state change and produce the material of opposing magnetic field, and when several PM rotor unit are arranged on turning N/S magnetic pole is in the same direction.

Referring to Fig. 2 d, when 6 outer rims of turning of electric device are provided with a PM rotor unit 3b1, S pole-face is to interior setting of turning, determine body 5 and the position turned is provided with a stator unit 3a, both relative air gap 3d of motion are sufficiently small, if the N pole-face of stator unit energising is to turning, then, during the stator unit that PM rotor unit convergence is energized, its electromagnetic attracting force can be subject to and make accelerated motion of turning；In another embodiment, the S polar motion stator unit in opposite directions of PM rotor unit, body direction of rotation is reversed corresponding thereto in the N pole of stator unit winding energising, and both magnetic action are similarly attracting, as shown in Figure 2 e；If turned, 6 outer rims arrange magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, because of its load magnetic for by stator unit electromagnetic field inducing extremely, no matter how the energising direction of stator unit winding is arranged, and both magnetic action are attracting, as shown in figure 2f；This stator unit electromagnetic pole and the basic model that the setting of rotor unit attracting relation is electric device of the present invention, the rotor unit of two kinds of different substrate materials is set on turning and is because permanent magnet and magnetic conductor has and actively carries magnetic and by two kinds of different qualities of dynamic load magnetic, can combine according to its different qualities variation, to adapt to the driving of electronic dynamic device, to brake the control of multiple real-time status.

As shown in fig. 4 a, when the upper rotor part unit 3b that turns (including PM rotor unit 3b1 and the magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2) stator unit being energized around axle convergence, electromagnetic attraction F suffered by it can be analyzed to coaxial normal 10 direction F₁₀With around axle tangent line 11 direction F₁₁, wherein that rotor unit is contributive around axle is F₁₁, F and F₁₀Direction define dynamic angle theta.Rotor unit is relevant in the interval turned to stator unit electromagnetic field effect around axle institute stress, it is the stator unit of column to one around core, its electromagnetism line of force passes through the maximum interval of air gap, corresponding to the state of electromagnetic pole the two poles of the earth line 12 vertical to the corresponding normal 10 turned (parallel with corresponding tangent line 11), as shown in Figure 3 a；The two poles of the earth line that column also may be configured as electromagnetic pole around core overlaps to the corresponding normal turned, and as shown in Figure 3 b, this set-up mode is selected when being generally the combination arrangement of multiple stator unit.For matrix around core, its electromagnetic force is interval to the effect of rotor unit, is positioned at matrix around core top just to the two ends scope turned, as shown in Figure 3 c.

In the interval of electromagnetic action suffered by above-mentioned rotor unit convergence stator unit, there are two electromagnetic force state particular points, one is F and F₁₁Overlap, show as F to overlap around axle tangential direction with rotor unit, interval with effective stress of electromagnetic force state description rotor unit, be positioned at rotor unit be in stator unit coaxial normal 10 (θ is 0 state) be benchmark, θ be ± 90 degree interval, position (direction of rotation that described ± basis is turned and relative define)；When θ is 90, F₁₁For maximum.Another electromagnetic force state particular point is F and F₁₀Overlapping, θ is 0, F₁₁It is 0, F₁₀For maximum, now electromagnetic force to rotor unit around axle without contribution, as shown in Figure 4 b.F₁₁And F₁₀Being shifting a pair kinematic variables, its theoretical strong and weak conversion is with ∠ θ for 45 degree for separation, and the status and appearance θ > 45 degree is with around axle driving force F₁₁Being main, the status and appearance θ < 45 degree is with normal direction brake force F₁₀It is main.The control program of electric device of the present invention and routine techniques are distinctive in that: driving rotation is use F₁₁It is main state energising, all the other state power-off, utilize the rotary inertia turned to run；Additionally can use F₁₀It is the state energising that deviates from stator unit of main state and rotor unit, makes acquisition electromagnetic force braking of turning；Turn the real-time transmission by deceleration/torque changing apparatus, corresponding driving/braking state is transferred to the outside of electric device.

The electric device driving preferred version of power system of electric automobile of the present invention is: the time domain energising of corresponding 30 degree≤θ≤90 degree of power supply modulator, all the other time domain power-off；In this energising time domain, it is energized based on the design of economize on electricity preferably in the time domain of even 75 degree≤θ≤90 degree, 60 degree≤θ≤90 degree；Need to make full use of the design of rotary inertia of turning, may select the energising of the time domain of even 30 degree≤θ≤90 degree 45 degree≤θ≤90 degree；Due to ∠ θ in 45 degree of states of < with considerable F₁₀, continue energising in 30 degree of states of θ < and lost economize on electricity driving meaning；The current switching time domain that this preferably drives as shown in Figure 6 a, wherein T₁For conduction time, T₂And T₀It is power-off time, (T₁+T₂+T₀) constitute Timing driver current cycle T.When needs use electromagnetic force braking electric device, the preferred version for electric braking is: power supply modulator correspondence T₂And T₀Part time domain or all time domain be set to energising, described T₂Preferred rotor unit is around the time domain of corresponding 0 degree of <≤θ≤30 degree of axle convergence stator unit, described T₀For rotor unit around the axle corresponding time domain away from stator unit；In like manner, it is preferable that time domain energising braking in 0 degree≤θ≤30 degree is owing to 30 degree of states of θ > are with considerable tangential electromagnetic force F₁₁, Brake Design is unhelpful.

The control according to θ dynamically corresponding switching electricity of the above-mentioned power supply modulator, can approximate transform be relative time control in the scope that industrial design error allows, because θ is 0 state and θ is that 90 degree of states are aobvious state, power supply modulator is easily sentenced by timing alignment and is known that θ is from 90 degree to 0 degree, i.e. (T₁+T₂) time, as long as set T₁With T₂Relative time, be namely equivalent to the switching electric control to ∠ θ corresponding state；Such as control the time domain energising of corresponding 90 degree to 45 degree of θ, can briefly be set in (T₁+T₂) time period initial 1/2 time domain energising, 1/2 time domain power-off afterwards；In like manner, when the time domain energising controlling corresponding 30 degree to 0 degree of ∠ θ, (T can be briefly set in₁+T₂) time period initial 2/3 time domain power-off, 1/3 time domain energising afterwards；Why genus is similar to, and is because of (T₁+T₂) time period is an amount relevant to rotating speed of turning, the real-time status to judge θ cycle time has deviation in speed change state, and this deviation depends on power supply modulator to be that 0 degree of state carries out correcting in time in next cycle time calibration at corresponding θ.

∠ θ is the hidden variable of a respective rotor unit and stator unit relative motion, after inner stator unit setting (including combination) scheme of turning is determined, the aobvious state position that corresponding θ is 90 degree is determined simultaneously, its exact position be one to radian of turning, air-gap separation, stator unit around the relevant value of the parameters such as core shape and arrangement thereof, there is multiple theoretical model, its numerical relation is determined according to specific design scheme, and through test inhabitant area；Usually using θ is the one foundation that power supply modulator is sent timing instructions by the aobvious state position of 90 degree as sensing device.Power supply modulator exports the work-based logic of driving or stalling current accordingly, both can be controlled circuit by ordinary tap and realize, it is possible to adopts CPU programming in conjunction with power model group circuit realiration, or adopts the special chip that large scale integrated circuit technology manufactures to realize.

Electric device is combined by a stator unit 3a simple analysis example of turn a upper PM rotor unit and a magnetic conductor rotor unit, the electromagnetic force useful effect that rotor unit is not at stator unit around the axial period π most of the time is interval, should first consider the break period T of electric current timing cycles T during programming₀, and then preferred power-off time T₂With driving T conduction time₁, improve the utilization rate of electric energy, Fig. 6 b be this simple analysis example PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2 be separated by 180 degree when being symmetrical arranged, the driving energising sequential logic schematic diagram of corresponding one of them rotor unit 3b1/3b2.Upper combination of turning arranges the advantage of bi-material rotor unit and is in that: if only arranging PM rotor unit on turning, because its magnetic pole is fixed, can not follow the electromagnetic force of stator unit with dynamic antipole form, energy conversion efficiency is high not as the magnetic conductor rotor unit of sensing magnetisation；If only arranging magnetic conductor rotor unit on turning, just because of its magnetic pole is sensing magnetisation, when its just at being in same normal 10 with stator unit trapping gap, θ be 0 time, it is easy to stall occurs.Upper alternate being provided with PM rotor unit 3b1 when turning, power supply modulator can be sentenced by induction installation and know that PM rotor unit θ is the position of 0, sends accordingly and static starts sequential electric current；The so-called static simple example starting sequential electric current, it is encounter above-mentioned stall, power supply modulator when setting time maximum and can not get sensing device feedback signal, send the starting current in opposite direction with normal drive current in real time, upper at least one PM rotor unit 3b1 that makes to turn is subject to the same polarity effect of repelling each other and deviates and be in the state of same normal with stator unit trapping gap, it is to avoid stall occurs.

Electric device is combined by a stator unit 3a analysis case of n rotor unit 3b (3b1/3b2), electromagnetic action is there is with n rotor unit 3b in stator unit 3a at the swing circle π that turns, power supply modulator 1 preferably sends the energising sequential that n cycle is T, and the correspondence swing circle π that turns has n T₁, n T₂And n T₀Sequential working logic, power supply modulator is proposed high requirement by this modular design.Rotor unit not arranges The more the better, and its number n on turning is limited to the interval corresponding space occupy-place of suffered stator unit electromagnetic force useful effect, and otherwise the sequential current cycle of power supply modulator correspondence output can overlap.Fig. 7 a is the partial structurtes schematic diagram of stator unit 8 rotor unit 3b (3b1/3b2) of combination, stator unit turn a swing circle π respectively with 8 rotor unit generation magnetic action, the theoretical sequential electric current that power supply modulator is corresponding is divided into 8 (T₁+T₂+T₀) cycle, Fig. 7 b denotes a kind of T of setting as π/8, at T corresponding to direction of rotation of turning₁、T₂And T₀Schematic frequency domain, Fig. 7 c is the energising logical schematic of one of them cycle T.

As shown in Figure 8, turning of electric device is internally provided with two stator unit 3a, being provided with 8 rotor unit 3b (3b1/3b2) on turning, in the swing circle turned, power supply modulator to provide 8 cycles for (T for two stator units respectively₁+T₂+T₀) sequential electric current, power supply modulator is proposed higher designing requirement by this combination.Optional 8 stator units combine 10 rotor units, 12 stator unit 12 rotor units (as shown in Figure 9) of combination further, etc..In theory when H stator unit and n rotor unit modular design, if power supply modulator is to H the discrete power supply of stator unit winding, need correspondence n*H electric current sequential of design, i.e. n*H (T₁+T₂+T₀) electric current sequential, programming is by sufficiently complex；Therefore in the utility system of multiple stator unit 3a designs, it is preferable that H the electrically coupled in series combination of stator unit winding, or H stator unit winding is divided into some groups of external power supply manipulators；The such as windings in series of 12 stator units, tap totally three external electric connection of power supply manipulators of line are drawn in the middle of every 4 windings, technically it is also with the difference of the differetial-potential that these three lines compare between two, as the signal source that a kind of rotor unit differentiates with stator unit relative position, substitute the sensing unit being independently arranged.

In theory, it is also possible in one rotor unit of installation and the combination of several stator units of turning, though but this equivalent arrangements can implement technically, but because the cost of stator unit is of a relatively high, not preferred scheme.

Power supply modulator can use ordinary tap circuit design or pulse digit technology to realize, the fundamental functional modules of the latter generally comprises power converting circuit, interior storage has microprocessor and the signal input and output circuit of working procedure, can pass through sensing unit 3c feedback signal and correspondingly control to drive the sequential electric current of module output；The groundwork logic of power supply modulator such as Fig. 5 a shows, and Fig. 5 b is a kind of block combiner schematic diagram realizing digital technology logic.

The work-based logic transformation directive signal of power supply modulator usually obtains from being connected in the sensing unit turned interiorly or exteriorly, sensing unit is not limited to use magnetoelectric induction winding or Hall element, it is used as photoelectric encoder etc., when rotor unit is around axle 7 cycle movement, sensing unit can obtain the rate of change of electric current (voltage) and feed back to power supply modulator, and power supply modulator is sentenced, according to this induced signal, the relative position knowing rotor unit 3b1/3b2 and sent electric current sequential accordingly.According to the operating accuracy of sensing unit 3c and reliability requirement, sensing unit can interiorly or exteriorly arrange one or several turning, even be deformed into from above-mentioned multiple stator unit windings in series become multi-thread circuit feedback mode and use stator unit 3a Double-wire ring around winding feedback mode obtain work-based logic transformation directive signal, now the induced signal input 1c of power supply modulator is built-in accordingly, and its response processes the working procedure logic to power supply modulator and proposes high requirement.Development due to large scale integrated circuit technology, it is achieved the programming technique of above-mentioned work-based logic conversion is that industry professional person is known, institute is it is to be understood that sequential current cycle, energising subset time domain and amplitude change and the basic design parameter such as power-off time domain therebetween.

To sum up, the power supply modulator of described electric device is a logic power switching system, sequential power cycles/frequency reflects the unit interval inner stator unit 3a energization action number of times to rotor unit 3b1/3b2, energising amplitude needed for rotating speed that this time sequence frequency remote definition is turned and stator unit or electromagnetic force (coming from power supply modulator to be energized to the winding of stator unit), energising amplitude is more big, the energising of unit interval inner stator unit is more big to the active force of rotor unit, effect number of times is more many, and its result is that the rotating speed turned is more fast.The time sequence frequency of the exported electric current of power supply modulator, rotates cycle implicit (T with turning₁+T₂+T₀) sequential effect number of times, energising mean intensity and speed be mutually corresponding all physical quantity relations, therefore when, after many entrance logic working states that imposes a condition of power supply modulator, the frequency controlling sequential energising namely controls the rotating speed of electric device.The rotating speed of this Artificial Control electric device is by driving the input 1d of actuation means 9a electric connection of power supply manipulator to realize.

When electric device sets up electromagnetic force braking function, the brake signal input 1e that power supply modulator is set up accordingly electrically connects with electro-magnetic braking device 9b, as shown in Figure 5 c；The routine of electro-magnetic braking device 9b is set to a continuous or multistage rheostat, and its function is the braking energising intensity that controllable power manipulator exports, and braking electrical current is more big, and electromagnetic braking effect is more good.

The stator unit of described electric device interior arranges main points turning, it is to make rotor unit relative air gap 3d of formed effective generation magnetic action in Periodic Rotating, this air gap is that stator unit transmits the energy channel of electromagnetic force to rotor unit, air gap is more little more is conducive to magnetic energy effect to transmit, but the too small easy generation Mechanical Contact of air gap, need to comprehensively hold rigidity and the machining accuracy of material during design.

Described deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 is generally formed by some gear combination, can reach change machine driving rotating speed or change the technical goal of torque by some gear combination, and the design of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is more, it is preferable that be coaxially disposed in outside of turning with turning；Deceleration/torque changing apparatus can be independently arranged, it is also possible in outside implementation integration global design of turning；Even it is deformed into and outside rotary apparatus disjunctor design；But turn outside non-coaxial deceleration/torque changing apparatus is set time, generally need to configure suspension, damping spring etc. and adjust center of gravity, not preferred scheme.Drive the rheostat that traditional product is an easily manipulation deformation design, artificial or the potentiometer of actuation means 9a, with technical development in recent years, much it is based upon special actuation means photosensitive, that Hall controls technical foundation to reach its maturity, it is typically designed as conventional rotating handles formula, also may be designed as plug-type stick or other any manual control modes, including remote control.

Existing market main flow electric motor car is configuration secondary cell, and owing to the specific energy of secondary cell is low, plumbous battery is typically only 40VAh/Kg, and lithium battery is generally 120VAh/Kg, and the course continuation mileage joining car owes ideal；The advantage of one-shot battery is that self discharge is little, specific energy is high, the aluminium-air cell specific energy that Recent experimental room makes has reached more than 8000VAh/Kg, but this kind of metal electrode one-shot battery is generally with the defect that internal resistance is big, though its specific energy is high but large current discharging capability is not strong, although its following application prospect is had an optimistic view of by industry, but present stage still difficulty meets the electric vehicle electric device demand to discharge performance, more sane technical scheme is to use as auxiliary electric energy.

Dynamical system of the present invention is the increasing journey system 16 that arranges in the technical foundation that electric device configures secondary cell, and described increasing journey system includes logic charging device 17 and electric energy supplementary device 18；The major function of described logic charging device is the real-time status of monitoring set of cells 8, and is set of cells electric energy supplement under the work-based logic set, as shown in Figure 2 a；The real-time status of described set of cells at least includes real-time voltage or remaining capacity, the nominal operating voltage of the lead battery of such as certain electric motor car is 48V, its normal working voltage interval is 42.0V to 53.2V, when setting lead battery and supplementing the threshold voltage of electricity as 47V, as long as the real-time voltage that logic charging device monitors set of cells drops to 47V, namely automatic or manual startup electric energy supplementary device 18 supplements electricity for set of cells.The function that described logic charging monitoring and DC charging control, can also partly or entirely migrate to power supply modulator to realize, shown in Fig. 2 c be a kind of by power supply modulator 1 monitor set of cells real-time voltage and control recharge logic, base structure schematic diagram that DC charging function is completed by logic charging device 17.The electric energy supplementary device of described increasing journey system, it is possible to control device for the arbitrary one-shot battery of material and DC charging and combine, for instance adopt aluminium-air cell.

Electric energy supplementary device can also be that fuel tank, internal combustion engine, electromotor and fairing combine, and the combination of such device is relative maturity technology, and described fuel includes but not limited to methanol, ethanol, gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas, gaseous state or liquified hydrogen etc.；Known in the industry, the state burning that one important feature of internal combustion engine is when low speed or speed change is insufficient, but operating mode is general all more satisfactory under the invariable power state of constant speed especially high speed, owing to the increasing journey systemic-function of electric motor car of the present invention is only for set of cells electric energy supplement, internal combustion engine may be provided at invariable power operating mode, even if the energy source of electric energy supplementary device is to adopt automotive fuel, the burning and exhausting of fuel is also very low.

Two class electric energy supplementary devices of described increasing journey system, can be combined in electric motor car design and use.

Described preference is only recommendation, and some technical schemes can be combined and use, it is possible to part uses or adds other mature technologies.As long as the magnetic current energy feature according to electric device, by power supply modulator being designed the sequential electric current being accurately controlled and configuring increasing journey system, the basic fundamental target of the present invention program can be realized.

The professional person that electric motor car and motor technology are relatively understood in depth, is not difficult on scheme basis of the present invention, ground deformation implementation present invention of drawing inferences about other cases from one instance.Such as on existing pulse direct-current motor basis, market, converted by the change of sensing mode and controller current sequence and partly implement the present invention.The electric current sequential control method of power supply modulator of the present invention, the base structure of dynamical system, electric power replenishing method and derivative technology deformation implementation thereof, all should be put into protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1,

The dynamical system of a kind of assistance type electric two-wheel vehicle, including electric device 13, set of cells 8 and increasing journey system 16；Electric device is arranged in the wheel hub of trailing wheel, and its supporting vehicle frame 4 and local mechanical structure are as shown in Figure 10 a；The set of cells 8 of this electric motor car selects nominal 24V12Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell, is arranged on inside the whippletree of vehicle frame；Increasing journey system with methanol generator system for electric energy supplementary device 18, generator system is combined by methanol fuel tank, methanol internal combustion engine, electromotor and fairing；The logic charging device 17 increasing journey system is mainly made up of functional modules such as set of cells real-time voltage monitoring modular, constant voltage current limit charging module and work-based logic control modules, its input 17a electrically connects electric energy supplementary device, and its outfan 17b electrically connects the both positive and negative polarity of set of cells.

It is 1000mm that this electric motor car arranges the wheel circumference of electric device, and the body 5 of determining of electric device is designed as the disk of dead axle in addition, and dead axle exterior mechanical parameter is with reference to the design data of conventional electric two-wheel vehicle wheel shaft, and is used for replacing conventional two wheeler wheel shaft and installing；Turning of electric device 6 is one and has and rotate the annular titanium-aluminium alloy circle that axle, girth are 100mm, can be sleeved on disk determine the outside of body with determining body concentric；One stator unit 3a of installation on body is determined at disk；Outside of turning is provided with one by the deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 of some gear combination, and itself and concentric of turning are installed, and as shown in Figure 2 b, the speed reducing ratio of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is 10:1；The outside of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is provided with some mechanical holes, and one end perforation of some spokes is fixing, and the wheel hub inner edge of the connected wheel of the other end makes electric device realize wheel drive.

Rotor unit on turning is designed as two, and 180 degree of installations of being separated by turning, one of them is PM rotor unit 3b1, and material is neodymium iron boron；Another is magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, selects the ferromagnet that market is easily purchased；Wherein, the two poles of the earth line of PM rotor unit 3b1 is parallel with the tangent line turned, and S pole-face is to wheel 5 direction of rotation, as shown in Figure 2 b；Two rotor units are processed into box-like junior unit, and length is that 10mm, width and thickness take maximum when not affecting installation, snugly fits into the outer rim turned；Stator unit 3a selects market to be prone to the channel magnet of buying around core, more magnetic domain is there is inside this ferromagnet, under outside magnetic field effect, magnetic domain easily turns to and produces the complementary field consistent and much better than with outer magnetic field direction, winding is formed around spill magnetic core 40 circle by the copper cash of a diameter 0.45mm, Installation features: body region determined by the disk that stator unit is arranged close to rotating inner edge 4mm, captive screw is fixed, spill is turned circular arc around the arc correspondence of core and is installed, top is just to rotating inner edge (as shown in Figure 3 c), two ends correspondence is turned 35 degree of mechanical angles of occupy-place.

Setting electric device and join car maximum speed per hour 20km/h and 5.6m/s (5.6 turns/s), meter is picked up the car and taken turns corresponding spin cycle time is 180ms；6 speed limits passing through deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 correspondence of turning are 56 turns/s, corresponding spin cycle time 18ms, (the T that namely power supply modulator is powered₁+T₂+T₀) timing cycles minima T is 18ms；Power supply modulator 1 adopts general pulse digital technology to realize (controlling circuit also by conventional electrical to realize), maximum overload capacity 450W, sets sequential T₁: (T₂+T₀) for 1:35, i.e. speed limit correspondence T₁Value 0.5ms, all the other 17.5ms are off-position；Another measure when rated voltage is 24V the current intensity of the max speed is 12A, the current intensity that this max speed is corresponding be one according to complete vehicle weight, the specified body weight of driver in conjunction with electric device design and through the value of test inhabitant area.The power input 1a of power supply modulator electrically connects the both positive and negative polarity of set of cells 8, Timing driver current output terminal 1b electrically connects the coil windings of stator unit, induced signal input 1c electrically connects sensing unit 3c, train signal input 1d electrical connection drives actuation means 9a, the energising direction of the internal winding of stator unit, is set to reverse body 6 direction of rotation around core N pole shown in Fig. 2 e.Sensing unit 3c selects a conventional magnetoelectric induction winding, and captive screw is connected in turn inside the position near its inner rim.

What electric device was external drives actuation means 9a to adopt the rotating potentiometer of stepless variable resistance, Conventional hand grips formula, by the Aided design with electronic control circuit, can pass through to change resistance and control the current intensity of power supply modulator output in real time, thus controlling the normal speed of electric two-wheel vehicle.The control unit 2 of the power on/off manipulations such as the conventional use of illuminating lamp of electric two-wheel vehicle, turning/stop, tail and number plate light, sound ring, all adopts commercial products supporting.

The work-based logic that power supply modulator sets as: with stator unit 3a and rotor unit 3b, periodically trapping gap 3d is relative, the state that is in same normal 10 (θ is as 0) is designated as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when manpower assistant or driving actuation means 9a provide the moment (initial time that respective rotor unit entrance spill is relative within the scope of core two ends driving signal and sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit 3b around the position that axle forward to θ is 90 degree, this fine values is through test inhabitant area), power supply modulator starts output 8A electric current；When rotor unit is every time around axle to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing cycle time around to reference seat target last time with rotor unit, know the instantaneous value of this cycle time, and according to real-time status, further work logic is judged: if driving actuation means without input instruction, power supply modulator dormancy；If driving the instruction that actuation means provides is accelerate, then power supply modulator is when next cycle, correspondence θ was 90 degree of positions, performs T₁With (T₂+T₀) ratio is the switching electricity sequential of 1:35, the mean intensity of energising is by driving actuation means to provide in real time；If driving actuation means to maintain the power supply modulator output electric current state close to 12A, the logic state of above-mentioned setting is by more and more higher for the sequential energising frequency making power supply modulator, in corresponding wheel each cycle, the electromagnetic force number of times of rotor unit 3b is got more and more by stator unit 3a, and speed is more and more faster；When sequential be energized frequency maintain the state of 12A higher than set 1/18ms (correspondence turn 56 turns/s of rotating speed) or the power supply modulator output continuous 4s of electric current time, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator and reach the design object of automatic speed-limiting.

Increase the work-based logic that sets of logic charging device 17 of journey system as: when the real-time voltage monitoring set of cells drops to 23V, automatically starting methanol generator system is set of cells 8 electric energy supplement, its charging working method is that constant voltage 56.4V limits maximum current 4A, is automatically stopped charging when charging current is less than 0.5A.

Electric device described in the present embodiment, wheel and the front-wheel of two wheeler, trailing wheel and the front and back wheel that also can be arranged on single block accordingly are arranged simultaneously；Corresponding each wheel can be installed by a set of electric device, it is possible to much more even a corresponding wheel is installed two sets and to be overlapped electric device；Increasing journey system described in the present embodiment is due to the fuel that employing methanol is electric energy supplementary device, and methanol internal combustion engine is arranged on invariable power operating mode, discharges very low；The power-assisted course continuation mileage of electric two-wheel vehicle described in the present embodiment, depends primarily on the capacity of methanol that fuel tank carries rather than set of cells.

Embodiment 2,

The electric energy supplementary device that embodiment 1 increases journey system is changed into aluminum air one-shot battery by methanol generator system；Power supply modulator 1 adopts pulse digit technology to realize, nucleus module includes the driving module of a conventional CPU and design power 500W, its refinement work-based logic is as shown in Figure 5 b, wherein impulse transfer modulate circuit has been mainly pulse signal has been converted to step signal, pulse signal generator mainly produces required pulse signal, secondly through peaker output spike pulse, it is then passed through amplitude limiter circuit to be filtered by the negative half period of spike, remaining positive axis spike, it is integrated adding up with the integrating circuit of integrated transporting discharging composition, plus voltage comparator and control circuit, just constitute complete step pulse signal, each element of circuit is carried out parameter adjustment, thus being met the step signal of work-based logic requirement.Power supply modulator is at T₁In energising sequential, driving module is made to produce the pulse current that a series of amplitudes are successively decreased, pulse frequency 30KHz with sequential by control chip (CPU).

The function of the logic charging device 17 increasing journey system is set as in the way of constant voltage, current limit set of cells 8 is charged, and its work-based logic instruction is sent by power supply modulator 1；Power supply modulator has the function to the monitoring of set of cells real time capacity and signal processing concurrently, there are the functional modules such as timer, signal trigger and logic processor inside, its ancillary equipment includes discharge capacity verifying attachment, and the track remodelling that this discharge capacity verifying attachment shows in commercial special discharge capacity instrument, extraction discharge capacity forms；The work-based logic increasing journey system is: set of cells 8 is carried out the once differentiation stream size of test in every 5 minutes by discharge capacity verifying attachment, when the real time capacity of set of cells is when more than the 45% of nominal capacity, signal trigger module does not work, and logic charging device should be static mutually；When real time capacity≤45% nominal capacity of set of cells, signal trigger module sends signal, and it is set of cells 8 electric energy supplement that logic processor module sends signal enabling aluminum air battery system 18 accordingly by logic charging device 17.

The electric boosted increasing journey of the present embodiment electric two-wheel vehicle depends on the storage capacitance of aluminium-air cell；Described aluminium-air cell, it is also possible to be replaced into zinc-air battery or hydrogen storage device for converting electric energy.Stator former unit winding starts the moment of energising, it is possible to change into reference to (T₁+T₂) time value time delay 1% to 5%.

Embodiment 3,

Embodiment 2 basis uses T₂Electric device is set up electromagnetic force braking function by time domain energising.

Power supply modulator increases a brake signal input 1e accordingly and electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device 9b, and as shown in Figure 5 c, electro-magnetic braking device is ten grades of rheostats；When Artificial Control electro-magnetic braking device sends brake signal, power supply modulator cuts off T₁The electric current of corresponding sequential, starts T₂Time domain is energized, braking energising time domain be set as sensing unit 3c perception rotor unit 3b around axle to θ be 30 degree to the time period that θ is 0 position.

The stalling current that power supply modulator exports, ten grades of resistance shelves of corresponding electro-magnetic braking device 9b are set to ten grades of intensity, sets the current intensity that exports as: chopped-off head 5A, final stage 16A, ten grades of electric currents are on average arranged.

Embodiment 4,

The brake logic of embodiment 3 electric device is optimized for further: power supply modulator starts T₂While time domain energising, by T₀The work-based logic of part time domain synchronizes to be transformed to energising, this T₀The numerical value of part time domain and (T₁+T₂) equal, T₀Energising Startup time is with θ for 0 beginning timing；Power supply modulator is at this T₀Current intensity that part time domain exports and T₂Time domain is identical.The present embodiment has been greatly reinforced the braking effect of electromagnetic brake.

The braking energising of stator unit winding is added rotor unit and stator unit is in the time domain away from state by the present embodiment, this two section break energising time domain can also corresponding cycle sequential T and be briefly set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 1/3 time domain power-off, 2/3 time domain reads aloud electricity afterwards.The θ of aforementioned braking time domain be 30 degree to the time period that θ is 0 degree of position, it is also possible to change to the time period that θ is 15～0 degree of positions.

Embodiment 5,

The electric motor car dynamical system of Electric Motor Wheel it is respectively mounted at crossbeam two ends.

In the present embodiment, each Electric Motor Wheel is correspondingly arranged a set of deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, determines body 5 and turn 6, and the machinery of two Electric Motor Wheel shares a power supply modulator；The underlying parameter of electric device designs with reference to embodiment 1 and adjusts, wheel circumference is 1500mm, each turning 6 is one and has and rotate the annular alloy steel ring that axle, girth are 500mm, inner homogeneous is chimeric 8 rotor unit 3b respectively, including 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 and 4 magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, the S of 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 is extremely all just to the axle turned, the permanent magnet of 8 rotor units and the alternate average setting of magnetic conductor, and its partial structurtes are as shown in Figure 7a；The coil windings of stator unit 3a is adjusted to 60 circles, and the turn mechanical angle of occupy-place of correspondence is 45 degree, with steel ring inner edge spacing 7mm；Deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 and coaxial integrated design and installation of turning, speed reducing ratio is 9:1.

Electric device is designed as joins car speed limit 20Km/h and 5.6m/s (3.7 turns/s), turn through the speed limit that deceleration/torque changing apparatus is corresponding be 33.3 turns/s, it is 30ms that meter takes its speed limit spin cycle time, there is electromagnetic force with 8 rotor unit 3b respectively in the stator unit 3a being arranged on inside of turning, the cycle time that namely speed limit is corresponding is 3.75ms in swing circle of turning；Power supply modulator to stator unit winding energising direction be set to shown in Fig. 2 e around core N pole reverse body direction of rotation, the driving power supply timing (T to electric device₁+T₂+T₀) it is set as: (T₁: T₂: T₀) for 0.7:1.175:1.875, the energising time domain T that namely speed limit is corresponding₁(T for 0.7ms, all the other 3.05ms₂+T₀) time domain is off-position；Power supply modulator selects large scale digital logic switch integrated circuit to realize, and designs maximum overload capacity 1200W.

The method of the thermoacoustic prime engine logical AND embodiment 1 that power supply modulator sets is similar, by the sequential of period regulation record energising frequency, would know that real-time speed, when sequential be energized frequency higher than 1/3.75ms (correspondence turn 33.3 turns/s of rotating speed) time, the unconditional power-off of power supply modulator and reach the design object of automatic speed-limiting.

In the present embodiment, drive power supply time domain T₁Also may be defined as θ from 90 degree to 45 degree the corresponding time period, be briefly set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 1/4 time domain energising, 3/4 time domain power-off afterwards.

Set of cells in the present embodiment selects nominal 55.5V40Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell, increases journey system and arranges similar with embodiment 1；The present embodiment dynamical system is than previous example, and two In-wheel-motor driving can make electrical vehicular power double；The described design being respectively mounted Electric Motor Wheel at crossbeam two ends, it is possible to be two trailing wheels of the parallel two wheeler of coaxial two-wheeled or tricycle, it is also possible to be two front-wheels of carriage or two trailing wheels；The present embodiment electric motor car is installed at same crossbeam two ends because of two Electric Motor Wheel, and during turning driving, two Electric Motor Wheel exist differential, should be specifically designed speed limit, or by the differential program to the built-in turning driving of power supply modulator, make turning driving more stable.

Embodiment 6,

Being set up by the embodiment 5 often stator unit 3a overlapped in electromechanical device and be two, alloy is turned and is fitted together to the rotor unit 3b of 8 alternate settings with integrated forming technique in inside；Rotor unit includes 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 and 4 magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, the S of 4 PM rotor unit 3b1 extremely all just to the axle turned, the permanent magnet of 8 rotor units and magnetic conductor alternate average setting between two.

Two stator units change cylinder into around core, umber of turn is all 60 circles, cylindrical vertical with corresponding normal 10 of turning around core two ends during installation, as shown in Figure 3 a；Two stator units are arranged on the center of 6 internal plane normal of turning, determine body annular position near rotating inner edge 5mm, technology requires that the mechanical spacing adjoining rotor unit 3b with direction of rotation is identical, the winding of two stator units is electrically connected in series, common 8 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces equally distributed with it in swing circle of turning.

Set of cells in the present embodiment selects 66V50Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell, increases journey system 16 and arranges similar with embodiment 2；Power supply modulator correspondence spin cycle time of turning is identical；Drive power supply time domain be defined as θ from 90 degree to 60 degree the corresponding time period, brake time domain of powering and be defined as time period of 0 degree≤θ≤15 degree.

The mechanical layout of two stator unit 3a in the present embodiment, can also change into and internal monosymmetric determine body region installation turning, namely the centrage with internal plane normal of turning is benchmark, determines the installation of body region lateral symmetry accordingly, the winding of two stator units is electrically connected in series, and electromagnetic pole direction is identical.

Embodiment 7,

Being arranged on the dynamical system of carriage as shown in fig. lob, electric device is arranged on two front-wheels；The set of cells 8 of this electric motor car selects 48V100Ah plumbic acid colloid battery, increases the journey system 16 electric energy replenishment control mode to set of cells, is set to electric energy supplementary device 18 and persistently set of cells is charged in electric motor car runs.

In the dynamical system of the present embodiment, the body of determining of electric device is connected with fixing axle, and the wheel hub inner edge with wheel of turning of electric device is connected；The present embodiment arranges 12 stator unit 3a determining inside body 5, stator unit is cylindrical around core, and umber of turn 55 encloses, and during installation, cylinder overlaps with corresponding normal 10 of turning around core two ends line 12, as shown in Figure 3 b, and at the annular position near rotating inner edge 5mm it is uniformly distributed；Titanium-aluminium alloy turn 6 with integrated forming technique in inside the rotor unit 3b of chimeric 12 alternate settings, including 3 PM rotor unit 3b1 and 9 magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, the N of 3 PM rotor unit 3b1 is extremely all just to the axle turned, during installation, alternate 1 the PM rotor unit of every 3 magnetic conductor rotor units, 12 rotor unit alternate average settings on turning.

The winding of 12 stator units is electrically connected in series, tap is drawn in the middle of the winding of every 4 stator units, externally form 3 lines and form electric external loop (being similar to the star-star-delta connection Y-Y of the internal winding of conventional motors), 12 rotor unit generation electromagnetic forces equally distributed with it in swing circle of turning；The electric connection mode correspondence of power supply modulator is designed as three wire circuit, its time sequential pulse electric current mean allocation in each loop that three lines are constituted exported accordingly；The present embodiment can compare differetial-potential difference between two further with the external biphase feedback of stator unit 3a winding, as the signal source that a kind of interior location differentiates, substitutes the sensing unit being independently arranged.

The method that the driving of the present embodiment electric device, brake control mode and stator former unit are arranged at inside of turning is similar, drive power supply time domain be defined as θ from 90 degree to 70 degree the corresponding time period, brake power time domain be defined as θ from 20 degree to 0 degree the corresponding time period.Drive power supply time domain T₁Also can briefly be set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 1/9 time domain energising, 8/9 time domain power-off afterwards.Braking power supply time domain also can briefly be set as: at (T₁+T₂+T₀) in sequential, initial 7/18 time domain power-off, afterwards 11/18 time domain energising.

In the dynamical system of the present embodiment, the electric energy supplementary device 18 increasing journey system 16 both can be fuel generator system, it is also possible to be one-shot battery system；Owing to the working method of electric energy supplementary device is to work asynchronously when electric motor car starts, and to set of cells floating charging in electric device runs, logic charging device 17 is designed as constant voltage 54V, limits the working method of maximum charging current 10A；There is differential, the differential program of the reply built-in turning driving of power supply modulator because of two trailing wheels in the present embodiment, make turning driving more stable when turning driving.

Embodiment 8,

The dynamical system that a kind of quasi-single-wheel structure electric is automobile-used, described quasi-single-wheel structure is two wheels of coaxial compact installation, and the mechanical structure portion of electric device is located on the axle between two wheels；Set of cells selects 24V10Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell, and the electric energy supplementary device 18 increasing journey system 16 uses aluminum air battery system, and the working method of logic charging device 17 arranges similar with embodiment 7；10 rotor unit 3b that 6 all built-in integrated designs of turning manufacture, wherein each 5 of PM rotor unit 3b1 and magnetic conductor rotor unit 3b2, determine body 5 and be provided with 4 electrically coupled in series stator unit 3a, stator unit and between turning air gap 3d be 6mm, outside of turning arranges two deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2 being coaxial therewith, and the speed reducing ratio of deceleration/torque changing apparatus is 12:1；The outside of each deceleration/torque changing apparatus is provided with the business of some power transmission muscle, and its one end is connected by the outside of machinery with deceleration/torque changing apparatus 2, the wheel rim of the connected wheel of the other end, makes electric device realize the machine driving of alignment single-wheel.

In the present embodiment, drive power supply time domain be defined as θ from 90 degree to 65 degree the corresponding time period, braking power time domain be defined as θ from 25 degree to 0 degree the corresponding time period, driving actuation means 9a be set to remote control.

Structure described in the present embodiment can be taken turns above electric motor car at one and be implemented, and makes electric running effect more stable.

Embodiment 9,

Design the dynamical system of a kind of double; two electric four-wheel vehicle increasing journey system 16.

The supporting vehicle frame 4 of this electric four-wheel vehicle and machinery partial structurtes are as shown in fig. lob；The electric device 13 of dynamical system is selected to turn described in embodiment 7 and is provided with 12 rotor unit 3b on 6, described determine body 5 and be internally provided with the structure of 12 stator unit 3a as motor body, power supply modulator 1 adopts general pulse digital technology to realize, and set driving, brake logic control function are similar with embodiment 7.

Set of cells 8 selects 96V100Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell.

The electric energy supplementary device 18 of double; two increasing journey systems 16 is combined by aluminum air one-shot battery system 18a (including aluminium-air cell and control system thereof) and internal-combustion engine generator system 18b (including fuel tank, internal combustion engine, electromotor and fairing and control system thereof) respectively；The functional module of the logic charging device 17 of double; two increasing journey systems includes charging module and controls module, charging module is provided with two-way input, is electrically connected the electric energy output end of aluminum air battery system 18a and the electric energy output end of electrical connection internal-combustion engine generator system 18b；The charging module outfan electrical connection set of cells 8 of logic charging device 17, its work startup is realized logic control by the control module of logic charging device 17 by electric connection of power supply manipulator 1.

The logic charging device 17 programming Control by power supply modulator 1, realize monitoring and the charging control function of the real-time voltage/remaining capacity to set of cells 8, described in its control method to aluminum air battery system 18a and the control method to internal-combustion engine generator system 18b such as embodiment 1 and embodiment 2；When double; two increasing journey systems 16 are set of cells 8 electric energy supplement, preferentially enable internal-combustion engine generator system 18b, continue to enable aluminum air battery system 18a when internal-combustion engine generator system can not work.The fuel that internal-combustion engine generator system uses is any.

Above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, technical scheme is modified or equivalent replacement, without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (15)

1. an electric motor car dynamical system, it is characterised in that described dynamical system includes electric device (13), set of cells (8) and increases journey system (16)；Described electric device includes power supply modulator (1), deceleration/torque changing apparatus (2), drives actuation means (9a), determines body (5) and turn (6)；Described turning is an annular machinery circle with rotation axle, alternate on it being provided with some rotor units (3b), described rotor unit includes at least one PM rotor unit (3b1) and at least one magnetic conductor rotor unit (3b2)；Described PM rotor unit several when arranging on turning, its pole is to identical；Described to determine body be a mechanical disk with fixing axle, internal at least provided with a stator unit (3a) and be arranged close to the position turned；Described determine body and turn concentric arrange, both are not more than 40mm by relative air gap (3d)；Described deceleration/torque changing apparatus is arranged with concentric of turning；Described set of cells (8) is the repeatable secondary cell used that repeatedly charges；

Described power supply modulator includes power input (1a), sequential current output terminal (1b) and driving signal input (1d), the both positive and negative polarity of power input electrical connection set of cells (8), the inside winding of sequential current output terminal electrical connection stator unit, driving signal input electrical connection drives actuation means；Described power supply modulator is by driving actuation means to obtain the instruction of user, and in the corresponding time sequence inside winding output current to stator unit, makes electric device realize driving/braking.

2. dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, deceleration/the torque changing apparatus (2) of described electric device (13) is formed by some gear combination, its drive input and (6) mechanical attachment of turning, transmission output and the rotary apparatus mechanical attachment outside electric device；Deceleration/torque changing apparatus (2) is independently arranged, or is arranged at, with (6) integrated coaxial of turning, the outside turned.

3. dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the stator unit (3a) of described electric device (13) is formed around the magnetic core of magnetic media material by the good conductor loop of least one set, by connected in series or in parallel between the winding that its several combination obtains, or form multi-thread external loop by drawing centre tap between different windings, the electromagnetic pole that its energising is formed and described PM rotor unit 3b1 motion opposite polarity in opposite directions.

4. dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric device (13) also includes sensing device, and described sensing device includes some sensing units (3c) that can sense described rotor unit (3b) and stator unit (3a) relative position；Described sensing unit electrically connects with the transducing signal input (1c) of described power supply modulator；Described electric device at least interiorly or exteriorly arranges a sensing unit what turn.

5. dynamical system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the sensing device of described electric device (13) also includes the inside winding of stator unit (3a), and described internal winding includes surrounding the winding of stator unit magnetic core and by the multi-thread external loop being in series between some stator unit windings.

6. dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric device (13) also includes electro-magnetic braking device (9b), described power supply modulator also includes brake signal input (1e), it electrically connects electro-magnetic braking device, obtains the braking instruction of user and in the corresponding time sequence inside winding output current to the stator unit (3a) of electric device by electro-magnetic braking device.

7. dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described increasing journey system (16) includes logic charging device (17) and electric energy supplementary device (18)；The input (17a) of described logic charging device electrically connects electric energy supplementary device (18), and its outfan (17b) electrically connects the both positive and negative polarity of set of cells (8)；Described increasing journey system in the logic working state set as set of cells electric energy supplement.

8. the dynamical system according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that the electric energy supplementary device (18) of described increasing journey system (16) combines with controlling device for the arbitrary one-shot battery of material；Or combine for internal combustion engine generator and system and device；Or both combine setting.

9. the dynamical system according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, the logic charging device (17) of described increasing journey system (16) at least includes charged with direct current device, it is independently arranged, or its part logic function or whole logic function is integrated in power supply modulator (1).

10. containing the electric motor car of the arbitrary dynamical system of claim 1～9, described electric motor car includes the electric motor car of one or more wheel and electronic, autocycle；The wheel of described electric motor car is at least provided with a set of electric device, and the wheel installing electric device includes single-wheel and the quasi-single-wheel structure of coaxial compact installation two wheel.

11. based on the electric device driving method of the arbitrary dynamical system of claim 1～9, the method is controlled electric device by power supply modulator by the position relationship output timing electric current of described rotor unit (3a) and stator unit (3b) and rotates；

Described sequential defines according to turning direction of rotation, described sequential electric current combines the rotor unit number on turning according to stator unit electromagnetic field useful effect interval on turning and arranges several make and break periods T, and each make and break period includes power supply time domain and power-off time domain；Described power supply time domain is positioned at the 30 degree≤θ≤90 degree corresponding time period, and described θ is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force；In described power-off time domain, power supply modulator (1) does not export electric current.

12. method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, the magnetic flux density of electric current initial in described energising time domain, voltage or stator unit (3a) is obtained rotating speed instantaneous value of turning and combines the instruction driving actuation means (9a) to provide and adjust by sensing device.

13. method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described method also includes aligning step；Described aligning step is rotor unit is relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place, θ be 0 state as benchmark coordinate and fiducial time, when each forward of rotor unit to reference seat timestamp, power supply modulator (1) carries out a time and returns 0 calibration and record this cycle time, by comparing cycle time to reference seat target with rotor unit forward last time, thus knowing the spin cycle time turned, and control output electric current.

14. the electric device braking method based on the arbitrary dynamical system of claim 1～9, at described rotor unit convergence stator unit, rotor unit, and rotor unit relative with the coaxial normal in stator unit place and stator unit are in away from least one time domain of state the method, and output timing electric current controls electric device braking；

Described rotor unit convergence stator unit is the 0≤θ≤30 degree corresponding time periods, and described θ is the dynamic angle that rotor unit is formed around the direction of electromagnetic force suffered by axle Yu its normal component of force.

15. the electric power replenishing method based on the arbitrary dynamical system of claim 7～9, the method needs to continue electric energy supplement for set of cells (8) in electric device (13) runs, or when set of cells real-time voltage or remaining capacity value are lower than set threshold values, enabling increasing journey system (16), making electric energy supplementary device (18) is set of cells charging electric energy supplement by logic charging device (17).