CN105797567A - Liquid for removing formaldehyde and preparation method thereof and volatilizer - Google Patents
Liquid for removing formaldehyde and preparation method thereof and volatilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105797567A CN105797567A CN201610283995.6A CN201610283995A CN105797567A CN 105797567 A CN105797567 A CN 105797567A CN 201610283995 A CN201610283995 A CN 201610283995A CN 105797567 A CN105797567 A CN 105797567A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde
- mixture
- liquid
- perchlorate
- deionized water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/108—Halogens or halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid for removing formaldehyde. The liquid is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 to 10 parts of perchlorate, 3 to 5 parts of percarbamide, and 65 to 66 parts of deionized water. The liquid for removing the formaldehyde has the beneficial effects that the cost is low, the effect is good, the action time is long, the convenience and the practicality are realized, and the green and environment-friendly effects are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental pollution treatment field, particularly to a kind of liquid eliminating formaldehyde and preparation method thereof and one
Volatillizer.
Background technology
Newly-decorated house and newly purchased automobile would generally discharge the toxic and harmfuls such as substantial amounts of formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, wherein
The burst size of formaldehyde is maximum.Formaldehyde in newly-decorated house and newly purchased automobile in its natural state will be through the time in a few years
Could volatilize completely.And during this period, if people move in new house or use automobile, can more or less inhaled formaldehyde, impact
Health.Currently, most company and family use the formaldehyde remover of common air freshener or bamboo charcoal etc, but
This can not tackle the problem at its root.Air freshener can only cover abnormal smells from the patient, and bamboo charcoal can only formaldehyde adsorption, along with temperature liter
Height, the formaldehyde of bamboo Charcoal Adsorption can discharge again again.Therefore we need to find a kind of low cost, effective, action time
Long, convenient and practical, the method eliminating formaldehyde of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of liquid eliminating formaldehyde.The liquid of this elimination formaldehyde have low cost, effective,
Long action time, convenient and practical, the feature of environmental protection.
The above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention has the technical scheme that
A kind of liquid eliminating formaldehyde, including the component of following parts by weight:
Perchlorate 6-10 part
Percarbamide 3-5 part
Deionized water 65-66 part.
As preferably, also include polyvinyl alcohol 4-6 part and Polyethylene Glycol 3-5 part.
As preferably, also include tartaric acid 2-4 part and tripropylene glycol 3-6 part.
As preferably, also include Aloe extraction solution 4-6 part.
As preferably, described perchlorate includes sodium perchlorate and potassium hyperchlorate, according to weight portion, sodium perchlorate: perchloric acid
Potassium=1: 1.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of liquid eliminating formaldehyde, comprise the steps:
Step1: according to weight portion, weighs perchlorate 6-10 part, percarbamide 3-5 part, polyvinyl alcohol 4-6 part, Polyethylene Glycol 3-5
Part, tartaric acid 2-4 part, tripropylene glycol 3-6 part, Aloe extraction solution 4-6 part, deionized water 65-66 part, wherein perchlorate
Including the sodium perchlorate that weight ratio is 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds Polyethylene Glycol, mixing
Obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
As preferably, the weight of the deionized water used in described Step2 is equal to the weight of the deionized water used in step3.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a kind of volatillizer, including the amber transparent bottle of glass material, described bottle
Equipped with the liquid eliminating formaldehyde.
As preferably, in described bottle, it is provided with rattan.
As preferably, described rattan selects phragmites communis.
In sum, the method have the advantages that
1, sodium perchlorate, potassium hyperchlorate and percarbamide can contact with formaldehyde and oxidize the formaldehyde into as carbon dioxide and water, and polyethylene
Alcohol can react with formaldehyde, and Polyethylene Glycol and tripropylene glycol dissolve formaldehyde as solvent, and tartaric acid provides sour environment, and it is right to strengthen
The oxidation effectiveness of formaldehyde, Aloe extraction solution makes system have the fragrance of Aloe, and deionized water, as solvent, enables whole component
It is uniformly distributed；
2, present inventors have surprisingly found that and synergism between polyvinyl alcohol and tripropylene glycol, can be produced, strengthen the elimination formaldehyde of the present invention
Ability；
3, the setting of rattan allows the liquid to evaporate into from volatillizer in air through the effect of rattan, on the one hand improve liquid except first
Aldehyde effect, on the other hand also regulates and controls the evaporation rate of liquid.
Detailed description of the invention
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, and it is not limitation of the present invention, and those skilled in the art exist
As required the present embodiment can be made after reading this specification and there is no the amendment of creative contribution, but as long as the present invention's
All protected by Patent Law in right.
Embodiment 1
Step1: according to weight portion, weighs perchlorate 6 parts, percarbamide 5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 4 parts, Polyethylene Glycol 5 parts, wine
Stone acid 2 parts, tripropylene glycol 6 parts, Aloe extraction solution 4 parts, deionized water 65 parts, wherein perchlorate includes that weight ratio is
The sodium perchlorate of 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of half weight of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds poly-second
Glycol, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of second half weight room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain
Second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment 2
Step1: according to weight portion, weighs perchlorate 7 parts, percarbamide 4 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 5 parts, Polyethylene Glycol 4 parts, wine
Stone acid 4 parts, tripropylene glycol 4 parts, Aloe extraction solution 5 parts, deionized water 66 parts, wherein perchlorate includes that weight ratio is
The sodium perchlorate of 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of half weight of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds poly-second
Glycol, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of second half weight room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain
Second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment 3
Step1: according to weight portion, weighs perchlorate 8 parts, percarbamide 3 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 4 parts, Polyethylene Glycol 3 parts, wine
Stone acid 3 parts, tripropylene glycol 3 parts, Aloe extraction solution 6 parts, deionized water 65 parts, wherein perchlorate includes that weight ratio is
The sodium perchlorate of 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of half weight of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds poly-second
Glycol, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of second half weight room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain
Second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment 4
Step1: according to weight portion, weighs perchlorate 9 parts, percarbamide 4 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 5 parts, Polyethylene Glycol 3 parts, wine
Stone acid 2 parts, tripropylene glycol 5 parts, Aloe extraction solution 6 parts, deionized water 66 parts, wherein perchlorate includes that weight ratio is
The sodium perchlorate of 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of half weight of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds poly-second
Glycol, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of second half weight room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain
Second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment 5
Step1: according to weight portion, weigh perchlorate 10 parts, percarbamide 5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 6 parts, Polyethylene Glycol 5 parts,
3 parts of tartaric acid, tripropylene glycol 4 parts, Aloe extraction solution 5 parts, deionized water 65 parts, wherein perchlorate includes that weight ratio is
The sodium perchlorate of 1: 1 and potassium hyperchlorate；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of half weight of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds poly-second
Glycol, is uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of second half weight room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain
Second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
The liquid eliminating formaldehyde made according to embodiment 1-5 is respectively charged into the amber transparent of 5 clean glass materials
In volatillizer, and choosing 15 identical phragmites communis rattans of size weight, after disinfecting, equivalent inserts 5 volatillizers respectively
In.
Formaldehyde eliminates experiment
Being respectively placed in by 5 volatillizers in 5 airtight 10m*10m*1m clear glass casees, in glass box, logical formaldehyde gas is to glass
Initial concentration of formaldehyde in glass case is 0.196mg/m3, after 6h and measure the concentration of formaldehyde in glass box respectively after 3 days and do
Record, assay method is with reference to the first method in GB/T18204.26-2000.
Table 1
Can obtain from table 1, the elimination of PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) of the present invention has rapid-action, the feature of long action time.
Comparative example 1
Select the embodiment 1 as a comparison case 1 of the Chinese patent of Publication No. 1833837.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is to remove tripropylene glycol with the difference of embodiment 3, and other are same as in Example 3.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is to remove polyvinyl alcohol with the difference of embodiment 3, and other are same as in Example 3.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is to remove tripropylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol with the difference of embodiment 3, and other are same as in Example 3.
The method that embodiment 3 and comparative example 1-3 eliminate experiment according to formaldehyde is measured and keeps a record.
Table 2
Can be concluded that from table 2
Comparative example 3 and comparative example 1, the 6h concentration of formaldehyde of embodiment 3 and 3 days concentration of formaldehyde are below comparative example 1, it is seen that this
The elimination of invention PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) either initial effect or continuous action effect is superior to comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3 and comparative example 2-4, the 6h concentration of formaldehyde of embodiment 3 and 3 days concentration of formaldehyde are below comparative example 2-4,
And the 6h concentration of formaldehyde of comparative example 4 and 3 days concentration of formaldehyde are higher than comparative example 2 and 3, it is seen that tripropylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol are not only
Each the elimination formaldehyde performance of the present invention is impacted, and synergism can also be produced each other, further enhance the present invention
Elimination formaldehyde performance.
Claims (10)
1. eliminate a liquid for formaldehyde, it is characterized in that: include the component of following parts by weight:
Perchlorate 6-10 part
Percarbamide 3-5 part
Deionized water 65-66 part.
The liquid of elimination formaldehyde the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also include polyvinyl alcohol 4-6 part and Polyethylene Glycol 3-5 part.
The liquid of elimination formaldehyde the most according to claim 2, is characterized in that: also include tartaric acid 2-4 part and tripropylene glycol 3-6 part.
The liquid of elimination formaldehyde the most according to claim 3, is characterized in that: also include Aloe extraction solution 4-6 part.
The liquid of elimination formaldehyde the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described perchlorate includes sodium perchlorate and potassium hyperchlorate, according to weight portion, sodium perchlorate: potassium hyperchlorate=1:1.
6. eliminate a preparation method for the liquid of formaldehyde, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step1: according to weight portion, weighing perchlorate 6-10 part, percarbamide 3-5 part, polyvinyl alcohol 4-6 part, Polyethylene Glycol 3-5 part, tartaric acid 2-4 part, tripropylene glycol 3-6 part, Aloe extraction solution 4-6 part, deionized water 65-66 part, wherein perchlorate includes sodium perchlorate and the potassium hyperchlorate that weight ratio is 1:1；
Step2: according to weight portion, be dissolved into by polyvinyl alcohol in the deionized water of 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature and adds Polyethylene Glycol, be uniformly mixed so as to obtain the first mixture；
Step3: according to weight portion, perchlorate and percarbamide are dissolved in the deionized water of room temperature, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the second mixture；
Step4: according to weight portion, Aloe extraction solution, tartaric acid are added in tripropylene glycol, are uniformly mixed so as to obtain the 3rd mixture；
Step5: the first mixture, the second mixture and the 3rd mixture are added together and stir and be cooled to room temperature.
The preparation method of the liquid of elimination formaldehyde the most according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the weight of the deionized water used in described Step2 is equal to the weight of the deionized water used in step3.
8. a volatillizer, is characterized in that: include the amber transparent bottle of glass material, and described bottle is equipped with the liquid eliminating formaldehyde as described in claim 1-5 any one.
Volatillizer the most according to claim 8, is characterized in that: be provided with rattan in described bottle.
Volatillizer the most according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described rattan selects phragmites communis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610283995.6A CN105797567B (en) | 2016-04-30 | 2016-04-30 | A kind of a kind of liquid and preparation method thereof and volatilizer for eliminating formaldehyde |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610283995.6A CN105797567B (en) | 2016-04-30 | 2016-04-30 | A kind of a kind of liquid and preparation method thereof and volatilizer for eliminating formaldehyde |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105797567A true CN105797567A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| CN105797567B CN105797567B (en) | 2019-01-15 |
Family
ID=56458057
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610283995.6A Active CN105797567B (en) | 2016-04-30 | 2016-04-30 | A kind of a kind of liquid and preparation method thereof and volatilizer for eliminating formaldehyde |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105797567B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106823748A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-13 | 大工（青岛）新能源材料技术研究院有限公司 | Administer the compound urea peroxide reagent and preparation method and application of indoor free formaldehyde |
| CN108636079A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-12 | 福建省金鹿日化股份有限公司 | A kind of plant compounding formaldehyde odor eliminators and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5183890A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Kyushuekichuno horumuarudehidono jokyohoho |
| CN102101008A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-06-22 | 河北亚太环境科技发展股份有限公司 | Oxidation type air purifying material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102836519A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2012-12-26 | 湖南维特科技发展有限公司 | Catalyst for removing indoor formaldehyde pollution |
| CN103521054A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 常熟南师大发展研究院有限公司 | Formaldehyde removing apparatus |
| CN203748509U (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-08-06 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Volatile solution diluting device |
| CN104645795A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-27 | 北京博浩致远科技有限责任公司 | Formaldehyde scavenger |
-
2016
- 2016-04-30 CN CN201610283995.6A patent/CN105797567B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5183890A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Kyushuekichuno horumuarudehidono jokyohoho |
| CN102101008A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-06-22 | 河北亚太环境科技发展股份有限公司 | Oxidation type air purifying material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102836519A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2012-12-26 | 湖南维特科技发展有限公司 | Catalyst for removing indoor formaldehyde pollution |
| CN103521054A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 常熟南师大发展研究院有限公司 | Formaldehyde removing apparatus |
| CN203748509U (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-08-06 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Volatile solution diluting device |
| CN104645795A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-27 | 北京博浩致远科技有限责任公司 | Formaldehyde scavenger |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 皇甫慧君等: "过氧化尿素降解甲醛的研究", 《应用化工》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106823748A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-13 | 大工（青岛）新能源材料技术研究院有限公司 | Administer the compound urea peroxide reagent and preparation method and application of indoor free formaldehyde |
| CN108636079A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-12 | 福建省金鹿日化股份有限公司 | A kind of plant compounding formaldehyde odor eliminators and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105797567B (en) | 2019-01-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107821480B (en) | Formaldehyde scavenging agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101537307B (en) | Methanol remover and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106912503A (en) | A kind of indoor air disinfection agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106362584A (en) | Nano photo-catalyst air deodorant and preparation method of same | |
| CN105746587A (en) | Indoor and intra-vehicle slow-release air treating agent | |
| CN103503917B (en) | Application of bisphenol salt in disinfectant used for sterilizing or removing formaldehyde | |
| CN107115721A (en) | A kind of air purifier screen pack composite and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109321016B (en) | Neutral negative ion liquid spraying agent for removing formaldehyde and purifying air and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105797567A (en) | Liquid for removing formaldehyde and preparation method thereof and volatilizer | |
| CN107715921A (en) | A kind of indoor formaldehyde removes catalyst and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105688646A (en) | Air purification elimination agent | |
| CN107754584A (en) | A kind of spray liniment for indoor harmful substance of degrading and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106922752B (en) | Air disinfectant and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111097279A (en) | Environment-friendly indoor environment purifying agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108939913B (en) | Paste composition for removing formaldehyde and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107080855A (en) | Multifunctional air-deodorizing germicidal spray | |
| CN105879626A (en) | Air cleanser | |
| CN109603537A (en) | A kind of antibiosis anti-acarien air purifying preparation and preparation method based on nano-titanium dioxide | |
| CN110564199A (en) | Material capable of improving environmental protection performance of coating | |
| CN105289507A (en) | Ammonia-gas purifying agent | |
| CN103007325A (en) | Air purifying agent containing plant essential oil | |
| CN100391838C (en) | Active bamboo carbon for air purification | |
| CN107383947A (en) | nanometer photocatalysis coating | |
| CN102989423A (en) | Air purifying material | |
| CN112244009A (en) | Gel type chlorine dioxide sustained release agent and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |