CN105793608A - Cvt变速器 - Google Patents

Cvt变速器 Download PDF

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CN105793608A
CN105793608A CN201480066804.XA CN201480066804A CN105793608A CN 105793608 A CN105793608 A CN 105793608A CN 201480066804 A CN201480066804 A CN 201480066804A CN 105793608 A CN105793608 A CN 105793608A
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cvt
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CN105793608B (zh
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B·瓦尔特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H37/022Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing the toothed gearing having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • F16H37/082Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft and additional planetary reduction gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0262Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being hydraulic
    • F16H61/0265Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being hydraulic for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H2037/023CVT's provided with at least two forward and one reverse ratio in a serial arranged sub-transmission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • F16H2037/025CVT's in which the ratio coverage is used more than once to produce the overall transmission ratio coverage, e.g. by shift to end of range, then change ratio in sub-transmission and shift CVT through range once again
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0008Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for front-wheel-driven vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2038Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with three engaging means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种CVT变速器,具有:起动元件(5);变换器(10);和直接切换级(30),用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换。本发明的特征在于,所述第二运行范围(高)的最大变速器传动比相应于所述第一运行范围(低)的最小变速器传动比。

Description

CVT变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CVT变速器,具有起动元件、变换器和用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间转换的直接切换级。此外,本发明涉及一种用于运行这种CVT变速器的方法。
背景技术
借助CVT来表示无级变速器,其中,字母CVT表示ContinuouslyVariableTransmission。为了提高无级变速器的传动比范围,即其速比范围(Spreizung),例如由欧洲公开文献EP2275709A1已知,能换挡的行星齿轮变速器后置于该无级变速器。能换挡的行星齿轮变速器实现了倒挡和双范围切换。此外,由德国公开文献DE10261900A1已知,设置一种具有固定可接通挡位的多范围CVT,例如用于起动或者用于最高速,其中,然而在该固定传动比的运行中该变换器脱耦。因此,仅仅有一个无级范围,不能全部行驶范围都无级地行驶。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,简化CVT变速器的运行,该CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换。
在一种CVT变速器中,所述CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间转换,所述任务通过如下方式解决,第二运行范围(高)的最大变速器传动比相应于第一运行范围(低)的最小变速器传动比。在传统的双范围CVT变速器的情况下,两个速比范围的相对大的重叠是必要的,由此能实现舒适的范围转换。然而这种大的范围重叠在变换器运行中成为效率优化的变换器速比范围的负担。通过第二运行范围的最大变速器传动比与第一运行范围的最小变速器传动比根据本发明同时切换,能改善具有直接切换级的、根据本发明的CVT变速器的效率。
在一种CVT变速器中,所述CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过以下方式解决,第二运行范围(高)的最小变换器传动比大于第一运行范围(低)的最小变换器传动比。根据本发明的一个方面这样设计传动比范围:不使用变换器边缘范围,该变换器边缘范围是效率差的范围。根据本发明的另一方面,第二运行范围(高)的变换器边缘范围比第一运行范围(低)的变换器边缘范围更厉害地减小。在此考虑到,第二运行范围(高)通常比第一运行范围(低)有更大的运行时间份额。
在一种CVT变速器中,所述CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,一个关闭阀装置这样分配给变换器流体系统,使得如果在变换器脱耦的情况下使用直接切换级用于驱动,那么变换器流体系统通过该关闭阀装置被流体密封地封闭。由此,以简单的方式保护变换器、特别是变换器流体系统防止漏尽(Leerlaufen)。本发明必要时也涉及具有这种关闭阀装置的变换器流体系统。该关闭阀装置优选地包括不具有或者几乎不具有泄漏的阀,例如座阀(Sitzventil)。
在一种CVT变速器中,所述CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,直接切换级的离合器、特别是爪式离合器实施为常开式离合器。由此,能以简单的方式实现在系统故障情况下的安全功能防止传动系张紧。例如直接切换级的爪式离合器可实施为常开式离合器,用于实现所述安全功能。替代地或者附加地,起动离合器可用作在直接切换级进行切换情况下防止传动系张紧的控制元件,特别在变换器和直接切换级同时处于力流中的时候。
所述CVT变速器的另一优选实施例的特征在于,跨接所述变换器的直接切换级直接附接到驱动装置上。通过把直接切换级直接附接到驱动装置上,能使直接切换级有利地与起动元件无关地使用。直接切换级可例如附接到用在传统CVT传动系中的齿轮上,用于驱动液压泵。因此,这种齿轮也可称作泵轮。如果驱动装置包括内燃发动机或者说内燃机,那么跨接变换器的直接切换级直接通过该内燃发动机或者说该内燃机来驱动。由于直接切换级直接附接到驱动装置上,在本发明的框架内,该直接切换级优选地仅仅在配备有该CVT传动系的机动车的行驶运行中使用。
所述CVT变速器的另一优选实施例的特征在于,跨接所述变换器的直接切换级在其间连接有扭振减振器的情况下与曲轴连接。通过曲轴,驱动装置的扭矩、特别是内燃发动机或者说内燃机的扭矩被输出。扭振减振器有利地用于使在驱动装置(尤其是内燃发动机或者说内燃机)运行中出现的不希望的扭振与CVT传动系脱耦。由此,在CVT传动系中避免由于旋转不均匀性引起的不希望的损害。
所述CVT变速器的另一优选实施例的特征在于,一个子变速器布置在变换器和差速器之间。所述子变速器涉及例如减速器。所述子变速器优选地布置在变换器输出部和差速器之间。与此相对地,直接切换级优选地布置在起动元件和变换器输入部之间。
所述CVT变速器的另一优选实施例的特征在于,子变速器实施为双范围变速器,特别地实施为行星齿轮变速器。该双范围变速器实现了例如在第一范围(也被称作低范围)中和在第二范围(也被称作高范围)中的行驶运行。在第一范围中能例如以比在第二范围中更大的传动比来行驶。此外,实施为行星齿轮变速器的双范围变速器有利地实现了倒档的功能。
在用于运行CVT变速器的方法中,该CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,特别地该CVT变速器是前述CVT变速器,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,不使用运行范围(低和高)的变换器边缘范围。在变换器边缘范围中,CVT变速器具有差的效率。通过不使用变换器边缘范围,能以简单的方式改善CVT变速器的效率。根据本发明的方法不被使用的变换器边缘范围优选地涉及用于在传动比特性图中示出这两个运行范围(低和高)的传动比特征线的下端部区域。在这种传动比特性图中,x轴例如表示变换器传动比。该传动比特性图的y轴则有利地表示变速器传动比。
在用于运行CVT变速器的方法中,该CVT变速器具有:起动元件;变换器;以及直接切换级,用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,特别地该CVT变速器是前述CVT变速器,特别地在前述方法的情况下,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,在变速器传动比快速回调的情况下,直接由一个运行范围跳转到另一个运行范围中,而不使用直接切换级并且没有完全无级地回调。由此,能改善运行该CVT变速器时的行驶舒适性。
在前述方法的情况下,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,起动元件、特别是起动离合器被用作在直接切换级进行切换的情况下防止传动系张紧的控制元件。再次,该起动元件、特别是起动离合器,特别在变换器和直接切换级同时处在力流中的时候使用。
在前述方法的情况下,替代地或者附加地上述任务通过如下方式解决,在滑移运行中使用起动元件、特别是起动离合器,以便在直接切换级脱耦并且力流又导到变换器上之前,使静止的变换器加速。由此,能进一步改善在该CVT变速器运行时的行驶舒适性。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节从以下说明得出,其中参照附图详细地说明不同的实施例。附图示出了:
图1以纵剖面图示出了根据本发明的CVT传动系的简化图示;
图2以横截面图示出了图1的CVT传动系,以及
图3示出了根据本发明的方法的第一实施例的、图1和2的CVT传动系的传动比特性图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中以不同的视图简化地示出了根据本发明的CVT传动系1,其具有根据本发明的CVT变速器。该CVT传动系1包括驱动装置3。该驱动装置涉及例如内燃发动机,该内燃发动机在机动车中使用时也被称作内燃机。该CVT传动系1在机动车中使用。
通过起动元件5实现机动车的起动。驱动装置3的扭矩通过起动元件5传递到起动输出部件6上。起动输出部件6通过具有齿轮8和齿轮9的齿轮级与变换器10的变换器输入部连接。
变换器10包括驱动侧锥盘组11和从动侧锥盘组12。这两个锥盘组11、12通过仅仅暗示的带式传动件13彼此耦合。该带式传动件13涉及例如一种特殊的链。
通过这两个锥盘组11和12能无级地调整在驱动装置3和从动装置15之间的传动比。从动装置15包括至少一个驱动轮(未示出)。
从动装置15通常包括至少两个驱动轮。补偿变速器,也被称作差速器16,用于把提供的扭矩分配到两个驱动轮上。差速器16包括正齿轮18,
差速器18的正齿轮18处于与子变速器20的子变速器输出齿轮19的啮合中。该子变速器20分配给从动侧锥盘组12上的变换器输出部。
扭振减振器22分配给CVT传动系1的驱动装置3。该扭振减振器22布置在驱动装置3和起动元件5之间。该起动元件5实施为起动离合器24。该起动离合器24涉及湿式运行的多片式离合器。
扭振减振器22的输入部件25与驱动装置3的曲轴抗扭转地连接。扭振减振器22的输出部件26一方面形成起动离合器24的输入。另一方面,扭振减振器22的输出部件26与齿轮28抗扭转地连接。齿轮28用于例如驱动(未示出的)泵。因此,齿轮28也被称为泵齿轮。然而,齿轮28也能用于驱动另外的或者其他的车辆部件。
根据本发明的一个方面,借助切换装置29能切换的直接切换级30分配给齿轮28。通过箭头31表明,直接切换级30用于跨接变换器10。如通过箭头31表明的,直接切换级30借助切换装置29与差速器16的正齿轮18实现齿轮18的直接耦合。借助直接切换级30,驱动装置3能经由扭振减振器22、与起动元件5无关地、在变换器10旁经过地、经由差速器16与从动装置15驱动式地连接。
在图2中,曲轴33的旋转轴线垂直于标记平面延伸。通过圆34来表明与曲轴33抗扭转地连接的飞轮齿圈。一个径向内部的圆示出了图1的齿轮8。另一个圆示出了也被称为泵轮的齿轮28。齿轮8与形成变换器输入部的齿轮9啮合。齿轮9分配给驱动侧锥盘组11,该驱动侧锥盘组同样在图2中示为圆。通过圆12表明从动侧的锥盘组。子变速器输出齿轮19与同样通过圆表明的正齿轮18啮合。
在图2中的这些圆阐明了前部-横向结构。直接切换级30在图2中在曲轴中心点33下面,并且朝向差速器16的正齿轮18布置。前部-横向结构意味着,驱动装置3(特别是内燃机)和变速器(在此即变换器10和子变速器20)在车辆横向方向上并排地布置,例如在前桥之前或者之上。
在图1和2中,子变速器20实施为行星齿轮变速器,具有两个行星齿轮组和两个离合器片组。实施为行星齿轮变速器的子变速器20实现了在第一范围(低)和第二范围(高)之间的转换。此外,子变速器20用于形成倒档R。
在图3中示出了在图1和2中示出的CVT传动系1的传动比特性图。该传动比特性图实施为具有x轴51和y轴52的笛卡尔坐标图。x轴51表示变换器传动比。y轴52表示变速器传动比。上部特征线53用于示出第一运行范围,该运行范围也被称作低范围。下部特征线54用于示出第二运行范围,该运行范围也被称作高范围。低范围53在变换器传动比大约是0.65并且变速器传动比大约是4.7的情况下开始。高范围在变换器传动比大约是0.57并且变速器传动比大约是2.1的情况下开始。
通过平行于x轴51延伸的线55表明:也被称作恒定级的直接切换级用于在变速器传动比总是相同的情况下在范围53和54之间进行转换。在此,在图2中使用大约是4.6的变速器传动比,该传动比处于特征线53的下端部并且处于特征线54的上端部。所以线55把特征线54的上端部与特征线53的下端部连接。因此,能优化地利用可供使用的速比范围。
通过特征线53和54的起点或者说下端部上的虚线表明,根据本发明的一个方面这样设置速比范围:不使用特征线53和54的下端部上的变换器边缘范围。在此,根据其他方面这样设置速比范围:在也被称作高范围的第二运行范围或者速比范围的情况下,在特征线54的下端部上的边缘范围比在特征线53的下端部上的边缘范围更明显地减小。
根据本发明的另一方面,在以直接切换级30并且以脱耦的、不转动的变换器10行驶的情况下,使用阀开关,用于保护变换器10或者说变换器流体系统防止漏尽。该阀开关有利地包括不具有或者几乎不具有泄漏的阀。
根据本发明的另一方面,在由配备该CVT传动系的机动车的驾驶员希望的变速器传动比快速回调的情况下,直接由一个范围跳转到另一个范围中,而不使用所述直接切换级并且没有完全无级地回调。
根据本发明的另一方面,直接切换级30的切换装置29实施为爪式离合器。该爪式离合器配备有常开功能用于在系统故障时提供安全功能以免传动系张紧。常开意味着,爪式离合器通常是打开的,并且主动地被压紧或者闭合。
根据本发明的另一方面,使用起动元件5,特别是起动离合器24,作为在直接切换级30进行切换情况下防止传动系张紧的控制元件,亦即,特别在变换器10和直接切换级30同时处于力流中的时候。
根据本发明的另一方面,在滑移运行中使用起动元件5,特别是起动离合器24,以便在直接切换级30被脱耦并且力流又导到变换器10上之前,使静止的变换器10加速。
附图标记列表
1CVT传动系
3驱动装置
5起动元件
6起动输出部件
8齿轮
9齿轮
10变换器
11驱动侧锥盘组
12从动侧锥盘组
13带式传动件
15从动装置
16差速器
18正齿轮
19子变速器输出齿轮
20子变速器
22扭振减振器
24起动离合器
25输入部件
26输出部件
28齿轮
29切换装置
30直接切换级
31箭头
33曲轴
34飞轮齿圈
51x轴
52y轴
53特征线-低
54特征线-高
55线

Claims (10)

1.CVT变速器,具有:起动元件(5);变换器(10);以及直接切换级(30),用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,其特征在于,所述第二运行范围(高)的最大变速器传动比相应于所述第一运行范围(低)的最小变速器传动比。
2.根据权利要求1前序部分所述的、尤其根据权利要求1所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,所述第二运行范围(高)的最小变换器传动比大于所述第一运行范围(低)的最小变换器传动比。
3.根据权利要求1前序部分所述的、尤其根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,一个关闭阀装置这样分配给变换器流体系统,使得如果在变换器(10)脱耦的情况下使用所述直接切换级用于驱动,那么所述变换器流体系统通过所述关闭阀装置被流体密封地封闭。
4.根据权利要求1前序部分所述的、尤其根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,所述直接切换级(30)的离合器、特别是爪式离合器实施为常开式离合器。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,跨接所述变换器(10)的直接切换级(30)直接附接到驱动装置上。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,一个子变速器(20)布置在所述变换器(10)和差速器(16)之间。
7.用于运行CVT变速器的方法,所述CVT变速器具有:驱动元件(5);变换器(10);以及直接切换级(30),用于在第一运行范围(低)和第二运行范围(高)之间进行转换,所述CVT变速器尤其是根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的CVT变速器,其特征在于,不使用所述运行范围(低和高)的变换器边缘范围。
8.根据权利要求7前序部分所述的、尤其根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在变速器传动比快速回调的情况下直接由一个运行范围跳转到另一个运行范围中,而不使用所述直接切换级(30)并且没有完全无级地回调。
9.根据权利要求7前序部分所述的、尤其根据权利要求7至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述起动元件(5)、特别是所述起动离合器(24)用作在所述直接切换级(30)进行切换的情况下防止传动系张紧的控制元件。
10.根据权利要求7前序部分所述的、尤其根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在滑移运行中使用所起动元件(5)、特别是所述起动离合器(24),以便在所述直接切换级(30)被脱耦并且力流又导到所述变换器(10)上之前,使静止的所述变换器(10)加速。
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