CN105784973B - A kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill - Google Patents
A kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill Download PDFInfo
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- CN105784973B CN105784973B CN201610293696.0A CN201610293696A CN105784973B CN 105784973 B CN105784973 B CN 105784973B CN 201610293696 A CN201610293696 A CN 201610293696A CN 105784973 B CN105784973 B CN 105784973B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
A kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, comprises the following steps：1) testing location is selected；2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；3) back box is placed, fills, roll building stones；4) box in assembling, and be positioned in back box, then fill, roll second layer metaling；5) top box is placed on middle box top, is then filled, is rolled third layer metaling；6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box；7) rubble on the outside of cleaning test device in setting range；8) box in removing；9) angular instrument is installed, and records the start angle of angular instrument；10) test device is lifted by crane；11) end angle of this experiment is read and recorded using angular instrument, and end angle subtracts start angle and obtains the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.The present invention can not only obtain with the actual inclination angle being consistent of engineering, and simple and easy to apply, easy to operate, expense is low, the cycle is short.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, it is adaptable to the live inclining experiment of rockfill and its
Inclination angle is obtained, and belongs to field of engineering technology.
Background technology
The aggregate that rockfill is made up of not of uniform size, different block stone or rubble, is usually used in building lot, river
The engineerings such as bank, masonry dam.The destruction of rockfill is mainly shown as intergranular shearing strength destruction, is related to rockfill shearing strength and breaks
The relevant parameter of bad criterion has：(1) coarse fluctuating quantity when between particle with respect to the changing of the relative positions；(2) compression strength；(3) loading stress；
(4) basal farmland dependency.Due to the complexity of influence factor so that the failure criteria of rockfill shearing strength shows nonlinear model
In formula, these parameters between particle with respect to the changing of the relative positions when coarse fluctuating quantity influenceed greatly by particle size, shape, and with construction bar
Part and mode are related, and therefore, it is difficult to obtained by theoretical calculation, it is necessary to be obtained by inclination angle back analysis.Inclining experiment is to obtain
The effective ways at inclination angle, because the factors such as the place by laboratory test, execution conditions are limited, it is difficult to the real heap of simulated field
Stone body character, it is impossible to realize with the actual consistent inclining experiment of engineering, also can not just obtain the coarse fluctuating quantity of rockfill.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome prior art can not be obtained actual with engineering by the limitation of place, the execution conditions of laboratory test etc.
The deficiency at consistent rockfill inclination angle, the present invention provide it is a kind of can not only obtain with the actual inclination angle being consistent of engineering,
And the live inclining experiment method of testing for the rockfill that simple and easy to apply, easy to operate, expense is low, the cycle is short.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, realize this method use test device include lamina tecti,
Top box, middle box and back box, the top box are the box like structure of no above and below, and the lamina tecti is fixed on top box, the top box
On middle box, the middle box is the box like structure of no above and below, and the middle box is divided into left half box and right half box, described left half
Box and right half box detachable connection, the middle box are located in back box, back box be without box like structure above, the lamina tecti,
Top box, middle box and back box surround the cavity volume placed for rockfill to be tested；The two ends of one side of the back box are installed by lifting
Angular instrument is installed on ring, another side adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring, the method for testing comprises the following steps：
1) according to the region and its elevation location to be tested, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) back box is placed, fills, roll building stones, reach the compactness required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and be positioned in back box, then fill, roll second layer metaling, reach required by engineering
Compactness；
5) top box is placed on middle box top, is then filled, is rolled third layer metaling, reaches closely knit required by engineering
Degree；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble on the outside of cleaning test device in setting range；
8) the rubble body at box in removing, middle box position will expose, and form the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) angular instrument is installed, and records the start angle of angular instrument；
10) lifting hawser one end is connected with staying in two hoisting rings of test device bottom side in advance, the other end is with rising
Device for hoisting is connected, and device is lifted by crane, test device can be rotated around the bottom of opposite side；The rockfill meeting of box position in removal
Have a tendency toward sliding, and with the lifting of sling height, in device in rubble at box position know from experience and stagger, slide, at this moment
Stop the lifting of test device；
11) end angle of this experiment is read and recorded using angular instrument, and end angle subtracts start angle and obtains this institute
The rubble body inclination angle of test.
Further, the method for testing also comprises the following steps：
12) (3) are repeated to (11) three experiments, three rubble body inclinations angle is obtained, then averages, obtain the enrockment
The average slope angle of body.
Further, flexible spinning bar is installed on the side of the top box, the flexible spinning bar include swing arm, depression bar and
Base, the swing arm can be sleeved on base up or down, and the swing arm top is provided with hole, and the bottom of the depression bar can turn
It is sleeved on dynamicly in described hole, the depression bar is contacted with the lamina tecti；
The step 5) in, flexible spinning bar is at contraction state when not working, and swing arm is rotated, make hole towards
In box；
The step 6) in, the rubble around lamina tecti, the flexible spinning bar of cleaning is constrained by flexible spinning bar, first will rotation
Setting height is pulled out on bar and reaches half extended configuration；Rotating swing arm again makes hole externally, and depression bar is screwed out completely from hole, reached
Extended configuration；Rotation swing arm makes depression bar be pressed on lamina tecti to fix it.
The present invention technical concept be：The present invention gives the live inclining experiment test device at rockfill inclination angle and its
Method of testing, can accurately measure the inclination angle of rockfill, and pass through the relative changing of the relative positions between back analysis acquisition particle at the scene
When coarse fluctuating quantity, set up the shearing strength damage model of rockfill, thus evaluate rockfill stability and safety system
Number.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：(1) it is with strong points, it is widely applicable.The site operation bar of different engineerings
Part and construction area are difference, and this test device can carry out showing for rockfill in any required Engineering Zone tested at the scene
Field tilt is tested, and execution conditions and region can be consistent with field condition, so as to obtain with the engineering, region and
The inclination angle that execution conditions match.(2) low cost.The material that the device is used is common steel, is widely used, and makes
Technique is simple, and low cost can be promoted on a large scale.(3) speed is fast, easy to operate.The present apparatus is simple in construction, easy to assembly,
Method of testing is simple, and test speed is fast, can be adapted to the engineers and technicians of different levels.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the live inclining experiment test device of rockfill.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of back box.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of top box.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of middle box.
Fig. 5 is Fig. 1 section constitutional diagram.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram for the contraction state for stretching pressure spinning bar.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of half extended configuration of flexible spinning bar.
Fig. 8 is Fig. 7 profile.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the full extended configuration of flexible spinning bar.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of 1~Fig. 9 of reference picture, the live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill realizes the test dress of the method for testing
Put including lamina tecti 1, top box 2, middle box 3 and back box 4, the top box 2 is the box like structure of no above and below, the lamina tecti 1 is consolidated
It is scheduled on top box 2, the top box 2 is located on middle box 3, and the middle box 3 is the box like structure of no above and below, and middle 3 points of the box is
Left half box and right half box (box A plates and middle box B plates in i.e.), left half box and right half box detachable connection, middle 3, the box
In in back box 4, back box 4 is that, without box like structure above, the lamina tecti 1, top box 2, middle box 3 and back box 4 are surrounded for be tested
The cavity volume that rockfill is placed；Hoisting ring 5 is installed at the two ends of one side of the back box 4, and adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring is another
Method of testing described in installing angular instrument 6 on one side comprises the following steps：
1) according to the region and its elevation location to be tested, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) back box is placed, fills, roll building stones, reach the compactness required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and be positioned in back box, then fill, roll second layer metaling, reach required by engineering
Compactness；
5) top box is placed on middle box top, is then filled, is rolled third layer metaling, reaches closely knit required by engineering
Degree；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble on the outside of cleaning test device in setting range；
8) the rubble body at box in removing, middle box position will expose, and form the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) angular instrument is installed, and records the start angle of angular instrument；
10) lifting hawser one end is connected with staying in two hoisting rings of test device bottom side in advance, the other end is with rising
Device for hoisting is connected, and device is lifted by crane, test device can be rotated around the bottom of opposite side；The rockfill meeting of box position in removal
Have a tendency toward sliding, and with the lifting of sling height, in device in rubble at box position know from experience and stagger, slide, at this moment
Stop the lifting of test device；
11) end angle of this experiment is read and recorded using angular instrument, and end angle subtracts start angle and obtains this institute
The rubble body inclination angle of test.
Further, the method for testing also comprises the following steps：
12) (3) are repeated to (11) three experiments, three rubble body inclinations angle is obtained, then averages, obtain the enrockment
The average slope angle of body.
Further, flexible spinning bar 7 is installed, the flexible spinning bar 7 includes swing arm 8, depression bar on the side of the top box 2
9 and base 10, the swing arm 8 can be sleeved on base 10 up or down, and the top of swing arm 8 is provided with hole 11, the pressure
The bottom of bar 9 is rotatably mounted around in described hole 11, and the depression bar 9 is contacted with the lamina tecti 1.
The base 10 is fixed on the middle part of the side of top box 2.The lower end of the top box 2 and the upper end clamping of middle box 3, it is described
The lower end of top box 2 is provided with getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and the upper end of the middle box 3 is provided with top bar, and described get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is connected in the top bar.
The lower end of the middle box 3 and the upper end clamping of back box 4, the lower end of the middle box 3 are provided with lower bayonet slot, and the upper end of the back box 4 is set
There is upper neck, the lower bayonet slot is connected on the upper neck.The upper lower bayonet slot can also use the form of step.
In the present embodiment, lamina tecti is long 1980mm, wide 980mm, thick 20mm rectangular slab.Lamina tecti is placed on top box
On, and be fixed on by flexible spinning bar on top box.
Top box is the box like structure of no above and below, and high 350mm can divide upper, middle and lower according to thickness difference in short transverse
Three parts, size is respectively 20mm, 280mm, 50mm.Lower disposed has 20 bolts hole, wherein：There are 7 screws, short side in long side
There are 3 screws.
Middle box is made up of, high 400mm middle box A plates (left half box) and middle box B plates (right half box)；It is different in height according to thickness
Direction can divide upper, middle, and lower part, and size is respectively 50mm, 250mm, 100mm.The plate of A, B two separates on the long side of middle box, respectively
The long protruding 50mm of 1350mm and 650mm, A plate, corresponding B plates are connected with to contract 50mm, A, B plate, 2 screws
Along height equidistant placement.Middle box upper and lower part is respectively disposed with 20 bolts hole, wherein：There are 7 screws on long side, and short side has 3 spiral shells
Hole.
Back box is the total a height of 400mm of back box without box like structure above, according to thickness difference on short transverse can divide,
Lower two parts, size is respectively 100mm, 300mm.Back box top is disposed with 20 bolts hole, wherein：There are 7 screws on long side, short
While there is 3 screws.Top box, middle box, back box are connected by screw bolts in adjacent position.
Flexible spinning bar 7 is constituted by 8,9,10,11.Flexible spinning bar is located at the centre position on the side of top box four, its base with
Use and be weldingly connected on the outside of top box.Swing arm 8 can also can both be moved up and down in certain amplitude in 360 degree of rotations on base.
In order to which swing arm is connected with depression bar, hole is opened up in swing arm, for providing revolution space to depression bar；Depression bar twists constraint using ball
It can carry out being reliably connected with swing arm and center rotating can be twisted around ball.It is flexible spinning bar point contraction state, half extended configuration, complete
Three kinds of states such as extended configuration.Contraction state is that swing arm and depression bar all freely hang；Half extended configuration is to pull out but revolve on swing arm
Bar is not screwed out；Full extended configuration is to be pulled out on swing arm and swing arm is screwed out completely.
Some hydropower station dam be CFRD, reinforced concrete face rockfill dam height of dam 58m, dam length 150m,
The wide 7.5m of dam crest, upstream dam slope is 1:1.5, downstream dam slope is 1:1.7.Stockpile is by good siliceous of grain composition in dam
Slate rubble is filled.Whole place uses blossom type windrow, is bulldozed with bull-dozer；Layer thickness is carried out by design requirement；Using
Straight line driving comes and goes mistake away from formula vibroroller cmpacting, meets after design layer thickness requirement, i.e., is fully sprinkled water, then spilt with water
The mode entered is rolled.Coarse fluctuating quantity when between the particle in order to obtain filled rockfill with respect to the changing of the relative positions, utilizes heap
The live inclining experiment of stone body can easily and fast, accurately obtain rockfill inclination angle, and divide by the way that the inclination angle of acquisition is counter
Analysis obtains the coarse fluctuating quantity of particle.
Embodiment of the present invention is：
1) testing location is selected.According to the region and its elevation location to be tested, the suitable testing location of selection.
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined.Rubble body gross thickness is the height of test device, in order to protect
The compactness of lift height is demonstrate,proved, lift height is by the 1/3 of the gross thickness filler for carrying out rubble body.Consider the depression after rolling, it is broken
It is landfill superelevation that stone body, which need to be reserved when filling and roll the 1% of rear height,.
3) back box 4 is placed, fills, roll building stones, reach the compactness required by engineering.Put on smooth place is rolled
Bottom set box 4, opening upwards；Rubble is uniformly spread using excavator ground on the scene, it is ensured that back box is interior and its outside 5m scopes are spread
Full rubble, rubble should be higher than that open height 1% on device.The compacting machine for rolling energy using the satisfaction required by engineering enters place
It is compacted, and is reached the compactness required by engineering design.
4) box 3 in assembling, and be positioned in back box 4, it is connected with bolt, then fills, rolls second layer metaling, reach
Compactness required by engineering.The middle box A plates of box 3, middle box B plates in assembling, using bolt 12 by A, B plates are bolted；Clear up back box
Outer periphery rubble, by boom hoisting, box 3 is positioned in back box 4 in；The rubble being compacted using excavator in first layer
Uniform paving spills rubble on material, it is ensured that lower box is interior and its outside 5m scopes are paved with rubble, and rubble should be higher than that device is suitable for reading
Highly 1%.The compacting machine for rolling energy using the satisfaction required by engineering is compacted into place, and reaches engineering design institute
It is required that compactness.
5) top box 2 is placed on middle box top, is connected with bolt, is then filled, rolls third layer metaling, reach engineering institute
It is required that compactness.Flexible spinning bar 7 is at contraction state when not working, and now its top surface is flushed with the top surface of top box 2,
Prevent from being subject to crushing.Swing arm 8 is rotated, makes hole 11 towards in box, it is to avoid hole 11 is pressed into building stones.Box outer periphery in cleaning
Rubble, is positioned over top box 2 on middle box 3 by boom hoisting.Using excavator on the metaling that the second layer has been compacted it is uniform
Paving rubble, it is ensured that in back box 4 and its outside 5m scopes are paved with rubble, rubble should be higher than that device height 1% suitable for reading.Using
The compacting machine that satisfaction required by engineering rolls energy is compacted into place, and is reached closely knit required by engineering design
Degree.
6) lamina tecti 1 is positioned on top box 2, and lamina tecti 1 is constrained by flexible spinning bar 7.The flexible spinning bar 7 of cleaning
The rubble of surrounding, will first pull out 20mm and highly reaches half extended configuration on swing arm；Rotating swing arm 8 again makes the hole 11 externally, just can be with
Depression bar 9 is screwed out completely from hole 11, extended configuration is reached.Rotation swing arm 8 makes depression bar 9 be pressed on lamina tecti 1 to fix it,
Prevent that lamina tecti 1 is due to no fixed landing during lifting.
7) rubble on the outside of cleaning tilting gearing in the range of 5m.The compacting rubble of the outer surrounding of tilting gearing is cleared up, to connect down
The inclining experiment test device lifting come provides enough spaces.
8) box 3 in removing.The bolt 12 being connected in dismounting on box B plates with middle box A plates, by first removing A plates, the order of rear B plates,
Box 3 is taken off from test device in, and the rubble body in this sampling device at middle box position will expose, and form inclining experiment
Rubble body slide surface.
9) angular instrument 6 is installed, and records the start angle of angular instrument 6.Angular instrument 6 is positioned over lower box length using magnet
Direction panels outside, and record the start angle of angular instrument 6.
10) tilting gearing is lifted by crane.Lifting hawser one end is connected with staying in two suspension ring 5 of test device bottom side in advance
Connect, the other end is connected with boom hoisting, such as crane.Gently device is lifted by crane, test device can be around the bottom of opposite side
Rotated.Under gravity, the rockfill of box position has tendency toward sliding in removal, and with the lifting of sling height,
Rubble in device at box position, which is known from experience, to be staggered, and is slided, is at this moment stopped the lifting of test device.
11) angle after record sliding.During slip, read using angular instrument 6 subsidiary on device and record this experiment
End angle, end angle subtracts start angle, so that it may obtain the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.
12) (3) are repeated to (11) three experiments, three rubble body inclinations angle is obtained, then averages, the heap can be obtained
The average slope angle of stone body.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, it is characterised in that：Realize the test device bag that this method is used
Lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box are included, the top box is the box like structure of no above and below, and the lamina tecti is fixed on top box
On, the top box is located on middle box, and the middle box is the box like structure of no above and below, and the middle box is divided into left half box and right half
Box, left half box and right half box detachable connection, the middle box be located at back box on, back box be without box like structure above,
The lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box surround the cavity volume placed for rockfill to be tested；The two of one side of the back box
End is installed and angular instrument is installed on hoisting ring, another side adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring, and the method for testing includes as follows
Step：
1) according to the region and its elevation location to be tested, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) back box is placed, fills, roll building stones, reach the compactness required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and be positioned in back box, then fill, roll second layer metaling, reach closely knit required by engineering
Degree；
5) top box is placed on middle box top, is then filled, is rolled third layer metaling, reaches the compactness required by engineering；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble on the outside of cleaning test device in setting range；
8) the rubble body at box in removing, middle box position will expose, and form the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) angular instrument is installed, and records the start angle of angular instrument；
10) lifting hawser one end is connected with staying in two hoisting rings of test device bottom side in advance, the other end is with playing lifting
Connection is put, device is lifted by crane, inclined testing device can be rotated around the bottom of opposite side；The rockfill meeting of box position in removal
Have a tendency toward sliding, and with the lifting of sling height, in device in rubble at box position know from experience and stagger, slide, at this moment
Stop the lifting of test device；
11) read and record the end angle of this experiment using angular instrument, end angle, which subtracts start angle and obtains this time, is tested
Rubble body inclination angle.
2. a kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The test side
Method also comprises the following steps：
12) (3) are repeated to (11) three experiments, three rubble body inclinations angle is obtained, then averages, obtain the rockfill
Average slope angle.
3. a kind of live inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The top
Flexible spinning bar is installed, the flexible spinning bar includes swing arm, depression bar and base, and the depression bar can be moved up and down on the side of box
Ground is sleeved on base, and the depression bar top is provided with hole, and the bottom of the swing arm is rotatably mounted around in described hole, institute
Swing arm is stated to contact with the lamina tecti；
The step 5) in, flexible spinning bar is at contraction state when not working, and swing arm is rotated, makes hole towards box
It is interior；
The step 6) in, the rubble around lamina tecti, the flexible spinning bar of cleaning is constrained by flexible spinning bar, first by swing arm
Pull out setting height and reach half extended configuration；Rotating swing arm again makes hole externally, and depression bar is screwed out completely from hole, stretching, extension is reached
State；Rotation swing arm makes depression bar be pressed on lamina tecti to fix it.
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| CA2065524A1 (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-10-08 | Paul Germain | Friction index tester |
| US5259236A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-11-09 | William English | Tribometer |
| CN100510620C (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-07-08 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Slope and angle measuring instrument |
| CN200951401Y (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-09-26 | 张维峰 | Multiple combination coupled roller type extruding machine |
| CN201627179U (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2010-11-10 | 华东宜兴抽水蓄能有限公司 | Panel rock-fill dam with down stream locating on oblique mountain slope |
| CN103307959B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-08-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The anisotropic inclined testing device of a kind of measurement Rock Joint Plane sliding friction angle |
| CN103837132A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 南京林业大学 | Device and method for gradient measurement |
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