CN105780043A - Equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water - Google Patents
Equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water Download PDFInfo
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- CN105780043A CN105780043A CN201610077987.6A CN201610077987A CN105780043A CN 105780043 A CN105780043 A CN 105780043A CN 201610077987 A CN201610077987 A CN 201610077987A CN 105780043 A CN105780043 A CN 105780043A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water. The equipment comprises an electrochemical reaction device, and the electrochemical reaction device comprises an electrode unit and a power source unit electrically connected with the electrode unit. The electrode unit comprises an anode and a cathode. By means of the electrode unit, water can be subjected to the electrochemical reaction, so that the .OH free radical is generated in the anode, and H ions and D ions are generated in the cathode; and as the H ions are easier to be recombined with the .OH free radical into water compared with the D ions, the D ions are made to be subjected to self assembling and reaction to generate deuterium gas, then the deuterium gas precipitates, and the deuterium-gas-containing gas separating from the water is collected. The equipment and method have the following advantages that the deuterium gas can be directly extracted from the natural water; the equipment is simple and easy to control; the energy consumption is low; the water consumption is low; and the extraction cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water and extracting method thereof.
Background technology
Deuterium is the isotope of hydrogen, is the core material of thermofusion reaction.Because of the many neutrons of D-atom core internal ratio protium thus D-atom amount is bigger than protium, be 2.014.Deuterium-oxide is widely present in natural water, neve scenery with hills and waters is 130-135ppm (mass content is 0.013-0.0135%) containing deuterium amount, being 150ppm containing deuterium amount in the natural water of plains region, coastal area amount containing deuterium is slightly higher, is 155ppm near equator and region of the equator.
Existing extraction includes the method for the gas of deuterium, as CN101569799A, CN101575086A etc. are described, from heavy water (deuterium-oxide), extract deuterium by electrolytic method, and the extracting method of existing heavy water mainly has: freezing method, rectification method, electrolysis etc. are several.
Freezing method: utilize the principle that deuterium-oxide is different from protium water-ice point, isolates deuterium-oxide from natural water by controlling the freezing point of natural water, but is affected by the many factors such as temperature, air pressure and cause that freezing point control is extremely difficult, and water consumption is big, therefore is difficult to practical application.
Rectification method: utilize the principle that deuterium-oxide is different from protium water boiling point, evaporates to leave deuterium-oxide by the protium water in natural water by controlling evaporating temperature, and this method is universal method in the market, but equipment requirements precision is high, equipment is complicated, and power consumption is big, controlling difficulty big, water consumption is big.
Electrolysis: utilize protium ion be easier on electrode enrichment and be electrolyzed to produce the principle of protium gas, in electricity price lower ground district, it is widely adopted in producing deuterium-oxide, the method is that electrolysis Natural Water is with output protium gas and oxygen, remaining in electrolysis bath is exactly deuterium-oxide, but equipment requirements precision is also high, equipment is complicated, and power consumption is big, controlling difficulty big, water consumption is big.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the equipment extracting deuterium from water and the method extracting deuterium thereof, which overcome the deficiency existing for the method extracting deuterium in background technology.
One of technical scheme adopted that this invention address that its technical problem is:
A kind of equipment extracting deuterium from water, including electrochemical reaction appts, this electrochemical reaction appts includes electrode unit and the power subsystem of electricity receiving electrode unit, this electrode unit includes anode and negative electrode, this electrode unit can make water generation electrochemical reaction, so that OH free radical can be produced at anode, H ion and D ion can be produced at negative electrode, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical, make the reaction of D ion self assemble generate deuterium and precipitate out, collect the gas including deuterium departing from water body.
Among one embodiment: this anode adopts the material of the low analysis oxygen of catalytic, can produce OH free radical and not easily precipitated oxygen at anode；This negative electrode adopts the material of the low liberation of hydrogen of catalytic, can produce H ion and D ion at negative electrode and not easily to precipitate out hydrogen.
Among one embodiment: this anode selects DSA electrode, outer painting precious metal oxide coating electrode, noble metal electrode, alloy electrode or non-metal electrode；
This negative electrode selects the alloy electrode of at least two mixing in titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, the electrode of molybdenum or tungsten or titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum or tungsten.
Among one embodiment: also include carrying device of air, collect the gas of precipitation by carrying device of air from water.
Among one embodiment: also include gas container, the connection of this gas container carries device of air for storing the gas collected.
Among one embodiment: also include body, this body is provided with the runner for flowing through for current, and this electrode unit inserts in the runner of body.
Among one embodiment: this anode and negative electrode all adopt platy structure and parallel interval, this interval pitch is 0.5mm-5mm.
Among one embodiment: also include carrying heavy hydrogen plant, for extracting deuterium from the gas including deuterium.
Among one embodiment: also include timing unit, this timing unit is for controlling the gas being collected from the 1-60 second that electrochemical reaction has started.
Among one embodiment: also include water flow control mechanism, for controlling current, to flow through time of electrode unit be the 1-60 second to water flow control mechanism.
This invention address that the two of the technical scheme adopted of its technical problem are:
The method adopting the extraction deuterium of the equipment extracting deuterium in above-mentioned water, including:
Step 1, electrode unit makes water generation electrochemical reaction, can produce OH free radical at anode, can produce H ion and D ion at negative electrode；
Step 2, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical so that have the reaction of D ion self assemble generate deuterium and precipitate out.
Step 3, collects the gas including deuterium departing from water body.
Among one embodiment: also include:
Step 4, extracts deuterium from the gas including deuterium.
Among one embodiment: in this step 3, collect from negative electrode precipitate out from electrochemical reaction start the 1-60 second in gas.
Among one embodiment: this step 1 controls current, and to flow through time of electrode unit be the 1-60 second.
The technical program is compared with background technology, and it has the advantage that
Electrode unit can make water generation electrochemical reaction, can produce OH free radical at anode, producing H ion and D ion at negative electrode, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical, the reaction of D ion self assemble has been made to generate deuterium and precipitate out, collecting the gas including deuterium departing from water body, directly can extract the gas including deuterium from Natural Water, equipment is simple, easily-controllable, energy consumption is low, and water consumption is low, and extraction cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the equipment extracting deuterium from water.
Detailed description of the invention
Refer to Fig. 1, a kind of equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water, including electrochemical reaction appts 10, body 20, carry device of air 30, gas container 40.
This body 20, for flowing through for current, is provided with the runner for flowing through for current, as electrolysis bath.The present embodiment is for electrolysis bath but is not limited to electrolysis bath, as long as other structure can flow through or water for current, and can insert by power pole unit, can make electrode unit contact water.This body is made as adopted insulant.
This electrochemical reaction appts 10 includes electrode unit and the power subsystem 11 of electricity receiving electrode unit, and this electrode unit includes anode 12 and negative electrode 13.
This anode 12 adopts the material of high catalytic property low analysis oxygen (having the characteristic that overpotential for oxygen evolution is high), the low analysis oxygen of this high catalytic property to refer to have the ability generating eelctro-catalyst with can from OH-Capturing 1 electronics to make it generate to be difficult to be reduced into the OH free radical that oxygen escapes, therefore electrolysis Natural Water can make anode 12 surrounding enrichment OH free radical.This negative electrode 13 adopts the material of the low liberation of hydrogen of high catalytic property, and the low liberation of hydrogen of this high catalytic property refers to and can adsorb in electrolytic process or be enriched with H+Making it be difficult to be reduced into hydrogen to escape, therefore electrolysis Natural Water can make negative electrode 13 ambient absorption or enrichment H ion and D ion.
This anode 12 is as selected DSA electrode, outer painting precious metal oxide coating electrode, noble metal electrode, alloy electrode or non-metal electrode；This outer painting precious metal oxide coating electrode such as Ti, Ru, Ir, Sn, Pt, Pd oxide coating electrode, concrete such as titanio Pt oxide coating electrode, titanio Pd oxide coating electrode etc.；The noble metal electrodes such as this noble metal electrode such as Pt, Pd, Ir, Ra；This non-metal electrode is carbon, graphite electrode such as.Above-mentioned enumerating is not intended to limit the electrode that anode 12 adopts, as long as the electrode as required with electrocatalysis characteristic (can produce OH-hydroxyl radical free radical) all can be set to anode.
This negative electrode 13 is as selected Ti electrode, tantalum electrode, niobium electrode, zirconium electrode, vanadium electrode, molybdenum electrode or tungsten electrode, and this is enumerated and is not intended to limit the electrode that negative electrode 13 adopts, as long as the low liberation of hydrogen material of high catalytic property is made as required.
This power subsystem 11 adopts direct-current switch power supply, but is not limited to direct-current switch power supply, and other is also applicable in the present invention such as DC sources such as pulse dc power, all-wave silicon commutating power supplies.
The electrode of this anode 12 and negative electrode 13 all adopts panel construction and arranged in parallel between electrode and electrode, to improve precipitation deuterium efficiency.This panel construction is as surface plate, cambered plate, curved slab etc..This anode and the alternately arranged layout of negative electrode, it is all positioned opposite for making anode and negative electrode, this anode 12 and negative electrode 14 interval pitch are 0.5mm-5mm, preferably with 0.5mm-3mm, but it is not limited to this distance, certain electrode is also not necessarily limited to plane, and electrode arrangement is also not necessarily limited to arranged in parallel, as long as natural water current are from flowing through between anode and negative electrode and electrochemical reaction occurring.
The anode 12 of this electrode unit and negative electrode 13 insert in the current of runner of body 20, as anode 12 and negative electrode 13 opposing abuts against body 20 inwall respectively to face, water flow energy is made to flow through through between anode and negative electrode and electrochemical reaction occurs, so that OH free radical can be produced at anode 12 and to be enriched with around anode 12, H ion and D ion can be produced at negative electrode 13 and be enriched with around negative electrode 13.
Because H ion (protium ion) in negative electrode 13 enrichment absorption and is not easily reduced effusion, OH free radical is in anode 12 enrichment absorption and is not easily precipitated oxygen, therefore this provides sufficient condition for the two recombining reaction so that H ion and OH free radical can form rapidly light water.Because D ion (deuterium ion) quality is the twice of protium mass of ion, deuterium ion speed of separating out is made to be slower than protium elemental release speed, make the ability of the OH ion that deuterium ion fights for lower than protium ion, make H ion ratio D ion be more easy to and reassemble into water with OH free radical, and because of D ion (deuterium ion) also in negative electrode 13 enrichment absorption, therefore the deuterium ion of enrichment self assemble reaction can generate D2 (deuterium) and precipitate out from negative electrode, bubbing departs from water body and namely constitutes the gas containing deuterium, this gas also can be mixed with the hydrogen of precipitation, oxygen, and discharge in the water body after gas and reduce containing deuterium amount, minimizing amount reaches after to a certain degree, low deuterium-oxide can be constituted, possibly together with the trace element of human body needs and mineral in this low deuterium-oxide.
This puies forward device of air 30 connector body 20 for collecting the gas of precipitation from water, its structure is as included shell 31 and a filter membrane air-stopper 32 being packed in shell 31, this shell 31 is connected to the outlet of body 20 by pipeline, this shell 31 top is provided with air vent, and this shell 31 bottom is provided with discharge outlet.Should flowing through filter membrane air-stopper 32 from the water that the outlet of body 20 is discharged, and make the gas in water depart from water and gas by filter membrane air-stopper 32 and go out to discharge from air vent, the water having discharged gas is discharged through discharge outlet.Among the present embodiment, this carries device of air 30 and adopts filter membrane air-stopper 32 structure, can realize aqueous vapor separate as long as may be used without other structure as required.This gas container 40 connects the air vent carrying device of air 30 for storing the gas of acquisition.
As required, may also include timing unit, this timing unit is for controlling the gas being collected from the 1-60 second that electrochemical reaction has started, as included a valve being arranged on the air vent of extraction element, this timing unit controls valve and is in open mode within the 1-60 second that electrochemical reaction has started, and all the other time closes.Certainly, this timing unit also can connect power subsystem by electricity, closes power supply for controlling power subsystem after the 1-60 second that electrochemical reaction has started.Or, as required, also including water flow control mechanism, for controlling current, to flow through time of electrode unit be the 1-60 second to water flow control mechanism.
As required, may also include and carry heavy hydrogen plant, this carries heavy hydrogen plant and connects gas container 40, can certainly directly connect the air vent carrying device of air 30 or connect gas container 40, for extracting deuterium from mixing gas, this extraction such as utilizes the mode of density difference, and hydrogen, deuterium, oxygen density arrange from small to large, three gases become three layers to arrange, and the deuterium extracting middle level can play extraction deuterium mode.As required, it is possible to extract deuterium and oxygen.
In the present embodiment, every square metre of electric current density adopts 3-20 peace, but is not limited to this electric current density, because any electric current density all can produce deuterium, and simply efficiency difference.
The method extracting deuterium, including:
Step 1, electrode unit makes water generation electrochemical reaction, can produce OH free radical at anode, can produce H ion and D ion at negative electrode；
Step 2, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical so that have the reaction of D ion self assemble generate deuterium and precipitate out.
Step 3, collects the gas including deuterium departing from water body；
Step 4, extracts deuterium from the gas including deuterium.
As being used for filling in the device of water, then collect from negative electrode precipitates out from electrochemical reaction start the 1-60 second in gas or control the electro-catalysis time in the 1-60 second.As being used for flowing through in the device of electrode unit: this step 1 controls current, and to flow through time of electrode unit be the 1-60 second.Above-mentioned time optimal is the 5-60 second.
Electrochemical reaction leading portion (in the short time of initial period) had both completed the reaction precipitating out deuterium and had reached as high as more than 85%, just analysis (hydrogen) (protium) phase is entered afterwards, deuterium and protium gas eutectoid, but deuterium content ratio tends to 0, within in the present embodiment the response time is about 60 seconds, but it is not limited to this response time.
The above, be only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore can not limit scope of the invention process according to this, and the equivalence namely made according to the scope of the claims of the present invention and description changes and modifies, and all should still belong in the scope that the present invention contains.
Claims (14)
1. from water, extract the equipment of the gas including deuterium, it is characterized in that: include electrochemical reaction appts, this electrochemical reaction appts includes electrode unit and the power subsystem of electricity receiving electrode unit, this electrode unit includes anode and negative electrode, this electrode unit can make water generation electrochemical reaction, so that OH free radical can be produced at anode, H ion and D ion can be produced at negative electrode, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical, make the reaction of D ion self assemble generate deuterium and precipitate out, collect the gas including deuterium departing from water body.
2. according to claim 1 from water, extract the equipment of gas including deuterium, it is characterised in that: this anode adopts the material of the low analysis oxygen of catalytic, can produce OH free radical and not easily precipitated oxygen at anode；This negative electrode adopts the material of the low liberation of hydrogen of catalytic, can produce H ion and D ion at negative electrode and not easily to precipitate out hydrogen.
3. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
This anode selects DSA electrode, outer painting precious metal oxide coating electrode, noble metal electrode, alloy electrode or non-metal electrode；
This negative electrode selects the alloy electrode of at least two mixing in titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, the electrode of molybdenum or tungsten or titanium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum or tungsten.
4. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include carrying device of air, from water, collect the gas of precipitation by carrying device of air.
5. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: also including gas container, the connection of this gas container carries device of air for storing the gas collected.
6. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also including body, this body is provided with the runner for flowing through for current, and this electrode unit inserts in the runner of body.
7. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: this anode and negative electrode all adopt platy structure and parallel interval, and this interval pitch is 0.5mm-5mm.
8. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include carrying heavy hydrogen plant, for extracting deuterium from the gas including deuterium.
9. the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also including timing unit, this timing unit is for controlling the gas being collected from the 1-60 second that electrochemical reaction has started.
10. according to claim 1 from water, extract the equipment of gas including deuterium, it is characterised in that: also including water flow control mechanism, it is the 1-60 second that water flow control mechanism flows through the time of electrode unit for controlling current.
11. from the extracting method of the equipment extracting the gas including deuterium from water any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that: including:
Step 1, electrode unit makes water generation electrochemical reaction, can produce OH free radical at anode, can produce H ion and D ion at negative electrode；
Step 2, H ion ratio D ion is more easy to and reassembles into water with OH free radical so that have the reaction of D ion self assemble generate deuterium and precipitate out；
Step 3, collects the gas including deuterium departing from water body.
12. extracting method in water according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: also include:
Step 4, extracts deuterium from the gas including deuterium.
13. extracting method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: in this step 3, only collect from negative electrode precipitates out from electrochemical reaction start the 1-60 second in gas.
14. extracting method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: this step 1 controls current, and to flow through time of electrode unit be the 1-60 second.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610077987.6A CN105780043A (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610077987.6A CN105780043A (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water |
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| CN105780043A true CN105780043A (en) | 2016-07-20 |
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| CN201610077987.6A Pending CN105780043A (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Equipment and method for extracting deuterium-gas-containing gas from water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107098413A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-29 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of rectification process system and its implementation for preparing the low deuterium-oxide of a variety of concentration |
| CN109680286A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-26 | 王丽琴 | A kind of device and method for producing deuterium |
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| GB926488A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1963-05-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | An electrolytic process for the isotopic enrichment or fractionation of hydrogen |
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| CN107098413A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-29 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of rectification process system and its implementation for preparing the low deuterium-oxide of a variety of concentration |
| CN107098413B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2020-05-22 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Rectification process system for preparing deuterium-depleted water with various concentrations and implementation method thereof |
| CN109680286A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-26 | 王丽琴 | A kind of device and method for producing deuterium |
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Application publication date: 20160720 |