CN105778396A - 3D printing material with bacteriostatic function and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing material with bacteriostatic function and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105778396A CN105778396A CN201610340829.5A CN201610340829A CN105778396A CN 105778396 A CN105778396 A CN 105778396A CN 201610340829 A CN201610340829 A CN 201610340829A CN 105778396 A CN105778396 A CN 105778396A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
- C08L55/02—ABS [Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene] polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing material with the bacteriostatic function and a preparation method thereof. The 3D printing material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 120-140 parts of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers), 2-8 parts of light dispersing agent, 2-8 parts of initiator, 10-20 parts of cross-linking agent, 10-20 parts of coupling agent, 10-30 parts of clam shell powder, 2-8 parts of elemental sulfur, 1-4 parts of medical stone powder, 1-4 parts of walnut shell ultrafine powder, 1-6 parts of limonene, 4-20 parts of toosendainin, 2-8 parts of sweet stevia extract and 0.2-0.4 part of additive. The 3D printing material new variety is provided for users to selectively use as required and the application and development space of the 3D printing material with ABS as the main raw material is greatly expanded from the aspect of the 3D printing material, so the significance is outstanding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D and print field, be specifically related to a kind of 3D printing material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development that 3D printing technique makes rapid progress, the concept that 3D prints is known by the public gradually.FDM technology is to utilize ABS, polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylsulfone (PPSF), PLA and the heated extruding of other thermoplastic become the filament of semi-molten state, by the mode being deposited on storehouse basis layer by layer, from the direct construction prototype of 3DCAD data.This technology is commonly used to plastotype, assembling, functional test and conceptual design.Additionally, FDM technology can apply to draw a design and quick manufacture.
ABS material, ABS, original name is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, is the essential core of domestic fusion sediment (FDM) formula wire rod.From the properties of material, from the angle in hot junction, the relatively easy printing of ABS plastic.No matter use which type of extruder, all can extruded material relatively glidingly.ABS resilient enough, is suitable for making furnishings or ornament, as long as printing with suitable temperature, allows material layer by layer firmly stick, and the intensity of ABS will become at a relatively high.ABS has flexibility, also only can bend even if bearing pressure, will not fracture.
But this material has the characteristic of contract on cooling on the one hand, from local shedding hot plate, unsettled, can throw into question.If it addition, the object height printed is significantly high, sometimes also can flood peel off.Therefore, ABS prints and can not lack hot plate.It is uncomfortable that abnormal smells from the patient when printing on the other hand allows people have very much.
Along with development in science and technology and social progress, 3D printed product starts to be not limited only to industrial design, building, engineering and construction (AEC), automobile, Aero-Space, dentistry and medical industries, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, the fields such as gun, also begin to come into daily life, in order to make some living utensils or ornament, but the application in life is still embodied in the purposes that the shape of the product printed is brought at present, and the Art Design etc. that its color and shape are formed, the 3D application and development printed be there is also very big space, simultaneously in degradable rate, toughness and intensity all need to be further improved.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for prior art Problems existing, first technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy.Second to be solved by this invention technical problem is that this preparation method with the 3D printed material of bacteriostasis efficacy.
Technical scheme: for solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and make: ABS120~140 part;Light diffusing agent 2~8 parts;Initiator 2~8 parts;Cross-linking agent 10~20 parts;Coupling agent 10~20 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 10~30 parts;Elemental sulfur 2~8 parts;Medical stone powder 1~4 part;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 1~4 part;Limonene 1~6 part;Plant toosedarin 4~20 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 2~8 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.2~0.4 part.
It is further preferred that also include feather powder 2~8 parts according to parts by weight.
Preferably, described light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Preferably, described initiator is thermal initiator.
Preferably, described initiator is the mixture of light trigger and thermal initiator.
Preferably, described initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: light trigger 1~3 part;Thermal initiator 1~5 part.
Preferably, described coupling agent is one or both the mixture in titanate coupling agent or silane coupler.
Preferably, described plant toosedarin is Parmelia tinctorum Despr. extract.
Preferably, described plant toosedarin is orcin.
Preferably, described auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.1~0.2 part;Toughener 0.1~0.2 part.
Invention also provides the preparation method for the above-mentioned 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, comprise the steps:
1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;
2) it is cooled to 20 DEG C~30 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;
3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;
4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;
5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;
6) while ultra violet lamp 30~60min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 50 DEG C~55 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.
As preferably, described step 3) be: by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, feather powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform.
Beneficial effect: the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy provided by the invention, has on the basis of key property of 3D printed material, significantly enhances the network structure of material, the 3D printed product good toughness made with this material on the one hand, and degradable rate is high;On the other hand by the synergism of initiator, Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder and elemental sulfur, alleviate the characteristic of ABS material contract on cooling, effectively reduce flood that may be present when ABS material prints and peel off the problem brought, promote plastotype quality;When in component, increase has feather powder further, initiator and elemental sulfur and feather powder synergism, incidental local shedding when can effectively overcome ABS material to print, unsettled or flood peel off the problem brought, further the printing plastotype quality of effective improving product;Its component limonene is not only effectively improved with the ABS 3D printed material the being raw material abnormal smells from the patient when carrying out high temperature print job, improve working environment, also with medical stone powder, plant toosedarin synergism has antioxidation, significantly improve antioxygenic property and the stability of 3D printed material provided by the invention further, limonene and Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract synergism simultaneously, make 3D printed material abnormal smells from the patient virtue provided by the invention sweet, fly worm can be attracted close, and with plant toosedarin, medical stone powder synergism makes the present invention have excellent antimicrobial and anti-inflammation efficacy concurrently, and fly worm sperm can be killed effectively suppress the breeding of worm's ovum, have and well lure disinsection efficiency, cleannes are high, good scavenging free radicals effect and anti-radiation effect can be played simultaneously;Plus overall composition synergism so that the 3D printed product made with this material is homogeneous, and stress is uniform, it is easy to cutting plastotype, on the product that printing prepares, artificial microscopic carvings, cutting, plastotype provide better ease for use further.
The preparation method of the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy provided by the invention simultaneously, limonene, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and plant toosedarin is added by atomization in the process of high-speed stirred, and under ultra violet lamp, it is stirred cooling, improve stability and the non-oxidizability of obtained 3D printing consumables further.
Entirety extends service life, it is provided that a kind of 3D printed material new varieties select as required for user, from 3D printed material aspect, are greatly enlarged with the application development space of the ABS 3D printed material being primary raw material, and meaning is notable.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: ABS120 part;Light diffusing agent 2 parts;Initiator 2 parts;Cross-linking agent 10 parts;Coupling agent 10 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 10 parts;Elemental sulfur 2 parts;Medical stone powder 1 part;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 1 part;Limonene 1 part;Plant toosedarin 4 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 2 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.2 part.
Wherein light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Wherein initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: light trigger 1 part;Thermal initiator 1 part.
Wherein coupling agent is titanate coupling agent.
Wherein plant toosedarin is Parmelia tinctorum Despr. extract.
Wherein auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.1 part;Toughener 0.1 part.
Preparation method comprises the steps: 1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;2) it is cooled to 20 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;6) while ultra violet lamp 30, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 50 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.After testing, the flexility of material reaches 82.2Mpa, notch impact strength reaches 47.8MJ/m2。
Embodiment 2: a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: ABS140 part;Light diffusing agent 8 parts;Initiator 8 parts;Cross-linking agent 20 parts;Coupling agent 20 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 30 parts;Elemental sulfur 8 parts;Medical stone powder 4 parts;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 4 parts;Limonene 6 parts;Plant toosedarin 20 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 8 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.4 part.
Wherein light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Wherein initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: light trigger 3 parts;Thermal initiator 5 parts.
Wherein coupling agent is silane coupler.
Wherein plant toosedarin is orcin.
Wherein auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.2 part;Toughener 0.2 part.
Preparation method comprises the steps: 1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;2) it is cooled to 30 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;6) while ultra violet lamp 60min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 55 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.After testing, the flexility of material reaches 82.4Mpa, notch impact strength reaches 47.9MJ/m2。
Embodiment 3: a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: ABS130 part;Light diffusing agent 5 parts;Initiator 5 parts;Cross-linking agent 15 parts;Coupling agent 15 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 20 parts;Elemental sulfur 5 parts;Medical stone powder 3 parts;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 2 parts;Feather powder 5 parts;Limonene 4 parts;Plant toosedarin 12 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 5 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.3 part.
Wherein light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Wherein initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: thermal initiator 5 parts.
Wherein coupling agent is the mixture of titanate coupling agent and silane coupler, and ratio is 2:3.
Wherein plant toosedarin is Parmelia tinctorum Despr. extract.
Wherein auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.15 part;Toughener 0.15 part.
Preparation method comprises the steps: 1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;2) it is cooled to 25 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, feather powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;6) while ultra violet lamp 45min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 52 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.After testing, the flexility of material reaches 83.8Mpa, notch impact strength reaches 48.8MJ/m2。
Embodiment 4: a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: ABS125 part;Light diffusing agent 3 parts;Initiator 3 parts;Cross-linking agent 12 parts;Coupling agent 12 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 15 parts;Elemental sulfur 4 parts;Medical stone powder 2 parts;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 2 parts;Feather powder 4 parts;Limonene 2 parts;Plant toosedarin 8 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 4 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.2 part.
Wherein light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Wherein initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: thermal initiator 3 parts.
Wherein coupling agent is titanate coupling agent.
Wherein plant toosedarin is Parmelia tinctorum Despr. extract.
Wherein auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.1 part;Toughener 0.1 part.
Preparation method comprises the steps: 1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;2) it is cooled to 25 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, feather powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;6) while ultra violet lamp 40min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 50 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.
After testing, the flexility of material reaches 82.9Mpa, notch impact strength reaches 48.4MJ/m2。
Embodiment 5: a kind of 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: ABS135 part;Light diffusing agent 6 parts;Initiator 6 parts;Cross-linking agent 18 parts;Coupling agent 18 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 25 parts;Elemental sulfur 6 parts;Medical stone powder 3 parts;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 3 parts;Feather powder 6 parts;Limonene 4 parts;Plant toosedarin 16 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 6 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.4 part.
Wherein light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
Wherein initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: light trigger 2 parts;Thermal initiator 4 parts.
Wherein coupling agent is the mixture of titanate coupling agent and silane coupler.
Wherein plant toosedarin is orcin.
Wherein auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.2 part;Toughener 0.2 part.
Preparation method comprises the steps: 1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;2) it is cooled to 25 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, feather powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;6) while ultra violet lamp 50min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 55 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.After testing, the flexility of material reaches 82.6Mpa, notch impact strength reaches 48.2MJ/m2。
More than implementing row and the present invention does not constitute restriction, relevant staff is in the scope not necessarily departing from the technology of the present invention thought, and what carry out various changes and modifications, and all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy, it is characterised in that include following components according to parts by weight and make: ABS120~140 part;Light diffusing agent 2~8 parts;Initiator 2~8 parts;Cross-linking agent 10~20 parts;Coupling agent 10~20 parts;Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder 10~30 parts;Elemental sulfur 2~8 parts;Medical stone powder 1~4 part;Walnut shell ultrafine powder 1~4 part;Limonene 1~6 part;Plant toosedarin 4~20 parts;Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract 2~8 parts;Auxiliary agent 0.2~0.4 part.
2. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include feather powder 2~8 parts according to parts by weight.
3. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described light diffusing agent is organosilicon light diffusing agent.
4. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described initiator includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: light trigger 1~3 part;Thermal initiator 1~5 part.
5. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plant toosedarin is Parmelia tinctorum Despr. extract.
6. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plant toosedarin is orcin.
7. the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described auxiliary agent includes following components according to parts by weight and makes: plasticizer 0.1~0.2 part;Toughener 0.1~0.2 part.
8. the preparation method of the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy as described in claim 1~7, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) ABS particle high-temperature is melted, add initiator and cross-linking agent mixes, grafting;
2) it is cooled to 20 DEG C~30 DEG C after stirring, puts into extruder, heating, extrusion, pulverize and obtain preparing the ABS powder of graft crosslinking agent;
3) by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform;
4) by step 3) gains are continue to be mixed and stirred for uniform while, and mixing adds the limonene of corresponding parts by weight, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl extract and the plant toosedarin that process through atomization successively;
5) then add the light diffusing agent of corresponding parts by weight, continue to be mixed and stirred for uniformly;
6) while ultra violet lamp 30~60min, stirring is put in extruder, is added hot-extrudable after being cooled to 50 DEG C~55 DEG C, and vacuum drying prepares target product.
9. the preparation method of the 3D printed material with bacteriostasis efficacy according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step 3) be: by step 2) the ABS powder that obtains and the Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae powder of corresponding parts by weight, elemental sulfur, walnut shell ultrafine powder, feather powder, medical stone powder, coupling agent and auxiliary agent, heating mixing high-speed stirred are uniform.
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