CN105778334B - 一种玻璃纤维‑热塑性塑料粒料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种玻璃纤维‑热塑性塑料粒料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种玻璃纤维‑热塑性塑料粒料，其特征在于由5～30％玻璃纤维、60～85％热塑性塑料树脂和添加剂组成，其中纤维的直径为1～5μm，长度为0.5～8mm，热塑性塑料为PVC、PE、PP或PS中一种或多种，该粒料制备方法按照以下步骤进行：(1)将热塑性塑料树脂粉与各添加剂混合，制成塑料浆料，放入树脂液喷洒设备中；(2)将碎玻璃加入窑炉中熔融获得玻璃液，经离心器牵伸成玻璃棉；(3)在成纤维的过程中，喷出树脂液，形成湿态带胶棉；(4)带胶棉随传送带进入烘干炉，除溶剂形成干态带胶棉；(5)干态带胶棉进入粉碎机中粉碎；(6)干态带胶棉塑化和切粒，筛选、分级，得到玻璃纤维‑热塑性塑料颗粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玻璃纤维-塑料粒料及其制备方法，特别是涉及一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料及其制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性塑料是世界上应用历史最悠久、用量最巨大、用途最广泛的材料之一。在建筑材料、工业制品、日用品、地板革、地板砖、人造革、管材、电线电缆、包装膜、瓶、发泡材料、密封材料、纤维等方面均有广泛应用。
由于PVC等塑料热稳定性差，应用范围小，因此出现了许多纤维增强塑料，其中玻璃纤维增强塑料，国际公认的缩写符号为GFRP或FRP，相对密度在1.5～2.0之间，只有碳钢的1/4～1/5，但拉伸强度却接近甚至超过碳素钢，强度可以与高级合金钢媲美。
目前纤维大多数与热固性塑料复合造粒加工，由于热固性塑料难以再利用，造成资源浪费，成本大，现有出现的纤维增强热塑性塑料，虽说可以再加工，但是纤维与塑料复合过程繁琐，需要复合熔融造粒，再挤出成型等。工艺繁琐，耗时，成本也大。
申请公告号为CN101831125A的中国发明专利公开了一种丙烯酸树脂基玻璃纤维增强塑料制备方法，丙烯酸树脂100％，粉状氢氧化铝150-200％；碳粉5-30％；过氧化苯甲酰0.3-2.5％；聚乙二醇0.2-5％；硬酯酸或硬酯酸盐0.5-6％，且以拉挤工艺拉挤，将上述材料进入工艺料槽中，以玻璃纤维纱做为载体，通过经三段区域加热的模具连续成型，制得产品；该发明具备高阻燃性，氧指数达到70，且在经过150-200份氢氧化铝和5-30份碳粉填充后保持高的综合力学性能，纵向拉伸强度高达500MPa、纵向弯曲强度达400MPa、弹性模量达25.5GPa。
申请公告号为CN105219117A的中国发明专利公开了一种高导热耐磨性连续纤维增强塑料及其制备方法，包含如下组分：连续纤维、树脂、表面处理剂、助剂、耐磨添加物和导热添加剂；所述连续纤维为连续玻璃纤维、连续碳纤维、连续玄武岩纤维、连续金属纤维、连续有机高温纤维和连续复合纤维的一种或其组合。该发明提供的高导热耐磨性连续纤维增强塑料及其制备方法，通过不同种类的耐磨添加剂与不同树脂基体的添加配合使得连续纤维增强塑料材料的导热耐磨性更好，提高材料使用寿命；利用螺杆式挤出机并在其出口处安装不同结构的口模，将连续纤维导入该口模，使得挤出的塑料填充物与连续纤维在口模内充分混合相容后连续导出，工艺简单，易于实施。
玻璃纤维是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，以玻璃球或废旧玻璃为原料经高温熔制、拉丝、络纱、织布等工艺制造成的，其单丝的直径为几个微米到二十几米个微米，相当于一根头发丝的1/20-1/5，每束纤维原丝都由数百根甚至上千根单丝组成。玻璃纤维通常用作复合材料中的增强材料，电绝缘材料和绝热保温材料，电路基板等国民经济各个领域。
目前玻璃纤维的生产方法主要分为两种，分别是离心法和火焰法。火焰法玻璃棉纤维化不够稳定，不能连续生产，纤维柔性较差，成本较高。离心法玻璃棉是将处于熔融状态的玻璃用离心喷吹法工艺进行纤维化喷涂热固性树脂制成的丝状材料，再经过热固化深加工处理，可制成具有多种用途的系列产品。离心玻璃棉内部纤维蓬松交错，存在大量微小的孔隙，是典型的多孔性吸声材料，具有良好的吸声特性。其有阻燃、无毒、耐腐蚀、容重小、导热系数低、化学稳定性强、吸湿率低、憎水性好等诸多优点，是目前公认的性能最优越的保温、隔热、吸音材料，具有十分广泛的用途。
本发明采用离心法玻璃纤维为基体，在离心盘甩出纤维过程中，通过离心器上喷头直接均匀喷洒热塑性树脂液和助剂，复合纤维降落在传送带上，最后利用粉碎机得到的玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粉末。本发明制备的玻璃纤维/热塑性塑料粉末，结合玻璃纤维的强度与热塑性塑料的热塑性及韧性，复合工艺简单、成本低廉、易加工，可以直接通过挤出机挤出成型或经注塑机加热，在塑料模具内成型，成品物理机械性能、弹性、耐老化性、耐腐蚀性等各方面性能优异。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有塑料稳定性能差、工艺繁琐和成本耗时大的问题，提供一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料及其制备方法。
为实现本发明的目的，所采用的技术方案是：一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料，其特征在于由5～30％玻璃纤维、60～85％热塑性塑料树脂和添加剂组成，其中纤维的直径为1～5μm，长度为0.5～8mm，热塑性塑料为PVC、PE、PP或PS中一种或多种，该粒料制备方法按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将70～90份热塑性塑料树脂粉常温溶解在30～80份环己酮中，接着加入硬脂酸钙2～5份、抗冲剂2～5份、己二酸二辛酯增塑剂1～3份、热稳定剂3～5份，在120～280℃下混合，制成粘度1500～3500mPa·s的塑料浆料，放入树脂液喷洒设备中；
(2)将碎玻璃加入窑炉中熔融获得玻璃液，经料道的作业流牵引，通过漏板引流到离心器内，经离心力作用，离心盘转速2600～2800rmp使玻璃液甩出成一次纤维，再经离心器外周燃气量36～38m3/h的主燃烧火焰的牵伸成离心玻璃棉，玻璃棉直径1～5μm；
(3)在玻璃棉离开离心盘，经过二次拉伸细化后，在气流作用下飘落过程中，以5～25MPa压力通过离心器下方喷环上的喷头喷出树脂液，以雾化的形式与玻璃纤维丝在空中均匀复合，在负压风作用下，纤维沉降在集锦机的多孔链板输送带上，形成湿态带胶棉；
(4)湿态带胶棉随传送带进入烘干炉，烘干温度为75～275℃，通过烘干去除溶剂，形成干态带胶玻璃棉；
(5)干态带胶棉进入粉碎机中粉碎；
(6)粉碎后的干态带胶棉通过双螺杆挤出造粒机在120～150℃下塑化和切粒，筛选、分级，得到玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料颗粒。
本发明所具有的有益效果是：①突破传统塑料稳定性差的限制，提高了其稳定性和韧性，拓展了应用范围；②纤维本身的不燃性，提高了复合材料的阻燃性；③热塑性材料的使用，可以循坏加工使用，大大降低了成本跟资源损耗。(4)树脂液直接在玻璃纤维甩出过程喷洒复合，减少了操作工序，耗时少。
附图说明
图1是一种一种玻璃纤维/热塑性塑料粒料制备工艺示意图。
图示中10为窑炉，20为喷环，30为喷头，40为热塑性树脂液，50为输送带，60为负压风机，70为料道，80为离心机，90为湿态带胶棉，110为烘干炉，120为粉碎机，130为玻璃纤维/热塑性塑料颗粒，140为双螺杆挤出机，150为树脂液喷洒设备。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料，其特征在于由5％玻璃纤维、60％热塑性塑料树脂和添加剂组成，其中纤维的直径为1μm，长度为0.5mm，热塑性塑料为PVC、PE、PP或PS中一种或多种，该粒料制备方法按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将70份热塑性塑料树脂粉常温溶解在30份环己酮中，接着加入硬脂酸钙2份、抗冲剂2份、己二酸二辛酯增塑剂1份、热稳定剂3份，在120℃下混合，制成粘度1500mPa·s的塑料浆料，放入树脂液喷洒设备中；
(2)将碎玻璃加入窑炉中熔融获得玻璃液，经料道的作业流牵引，通过漏板引流到离心器内，经离心力作用，离心盘转速2600rmp使玻璃液甩出成一次纤维，再经离心器外周燃气量36m3/h的主燃烧火焰的牵伸成离心玻璃棉，玻璃棉直径1μm；
(3)在玻璃棉离开离心盘，经过二次拉伸细化后，在气流作用下飘落过程中，以5MPa压力通过离心器下方喷环上的喷头喷出树脂液，以雾化的形式与玻璃纤维丝在空中均匀复合，在负压风作用下，纤维沉降在集锦机的多孔链板输送带上，形成湿态带胶棉；
(4)湿态带胶棉随传送带进入烘干炉，烘干温度为75℃，通过烘干去除溶剂，形成干态带胶玻璃棉；
(5)干态带胶棉进入粉碎机中粉碎；
(6)粉碎后的干态带胶棉通过双螺杆挤出造粒机在120℃下塑化和切粒，筛选、分级，得到玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料颗粒。
该制备工艺实现塑料与纤维复合一体化，减少操作工序，并且热塑性材料的使用，可以循坏加工使用，大大降低了成本跟资源损耗，纤维本身的不燃性，提高了复合材料的阻燃性，拓展了应用范围。
实施例2
一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料，其特征在于由30％玻璃纤维、85％热塑性塑料树脂和添加剂组成，其中纤维的直径为5μm，长度为8mm，热塑性塑料为PVC、PE、PP或PS中一种或多种，该粒料制备方法按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将90份热塑性塑料树脂粉常温溶解在80份环己酮中，接着加入硬脂酸钙5份、抗冲剂5份、己二酸二辛酯增塑剂3份、热稳定剂5份，在280℃下混合，制成粘度3500mPa·s的塑料浆料，放入树脂液喷洒设备中；
(2)将碎玻璃加入窑炉中熔融获得玻璃液，经料道的作业流牵引，通过漏板引流到离心器内，经离心力作用，离心盘转速2800rmp使玻璃液甩出成一次纤维，再经离心器外周燃气量38m3/h的主燃烧火焰的牵伸成离心玻璃棉，玻璃棉直径5μm；
(3)在玻璃棉离开离心盘，经过二次拉伸细化后，在气流作用下飘落过程中，以25MPa压力通过离心器下方喷环上的喷头喷出树脂液，以雾化的形式与玻璃纤维丝在空中均匀复合，在负压风作用下，纤维沉降在集锦机的多孔链板输送带上，形成湿态带胶棉；
(4)湿态带胶棉随传送带进入烘干炉，烘干温度为275℃，通过烘干去除溶剂，形成干态带胶玻璃棉；
(5)干态带胶棉进入粉碎机中粉碎；
(6)粉碎后的干态带胶棉通过双螺杆挤出造粒机在150℃下塑化和切粒，筛选、分级，得到玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料颗粒。
该制备工艺实现塑料与纤维复合一体化，减少操作工序，并且热塑性材料的使用，可以循坏加工使用，大大降低了成本跟资源损耗，纤维本身的不燃性，提高了复合材料的阻燃性，拓展了应用范围。
上述仅为本发明的两个具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料粒料，其特征在于由5～30％玻璃纤维、60～85％热塑性塑料树脂和添加剂组成，其中纤维的直径为1～5μm，长度为0.5～8mm，热塑性塑料为PVC、PE、PP或PS中一种或多种，该粒料制备方法按照以下步骤进行：
(1)将70～90份热塑性塑料树脂粉常温溶解在30～80份环己酮中，接着加入硬脂酸钙2～5份、抗冲剂2～5份、己二酸二辛酯增塑剂1～3份、热稳定剂3～5份，在120～280℃下混合，制成粘度1500～3500mPa·s的塑料浆料，放入树脂液喷洒设备中；
(2)将碎玻璃加入窑炉中熔融获得玻璃液，经料道的作业流牵引，通过漏板引流到离心器内，经离心力作用，离心盘转速2600～2800rpm使玻璃液甩出成一次纤维，再经离心器外周燃气量36～38m3/h的主燃烧火焰的牵伸成离心玻璃棉，玻璃棉直径1～5μm；
(3)在玻璃棉离开离心盘，经过二次拉伸细化后，在气流作用下飘落过程中，以5～25MPa压力通过离心器下方喷环上的喷头喷出树脂液，以雾化的形式与玻璃纤维丝在空中均匀复合，在负压风作用下，纤维沉降在集棉机的多孔链板输送带上，形成湿态带胶棉；
(4)湿态带胶棉随传送带进入烘干炉，烘干温度为75～275℃，通过烘干去除溶剂，形成干态带胶玻璃棉；
(5)干态带胶棉进入粉碎机中粉碎；
(6)粉碎后的干态带胶棉通过双螺杆挤出造粒机在120～150℃下塑化和切粒，筛选、分级，得到玻璃纤维-热塑性塑料颗粒。
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