CN105765250A - 用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承 - Google Patents

用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承 Download PDF

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CN105765250A
CN105765250A CN201480064616.3A CN201480064616A CN105765250A CN 105765250 A CN105765250 A CN 105765250A CN 201480064616 A CN201480064616 A CN 201480064616A CN 105765250 A CN105765250 A CN 105765250A
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turn
bearing
steering stem
steering
stem bearing
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CN105765250B (zh
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赖纳·卢茨
安德烈亚斯·沃尔纳
赫伯特·埃哈特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C25/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C25/083—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting with resilient means acting axially on a race ring to preload the bearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/588—Races of sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承，转向柱轴承具有带各自的滚道(15、16)的内圈(6)和外圈(11)，滚珠(14)在滚道上滚压，其中，外圈(11)被套筒(12)围嵌，在该套筒中布置有弹簧圈(13)，该弹簧圈使得滚珠(14)相对各自的滚道(15、16)张紧，并使该滚珠(14)在该弹簧圈上滚压。

Description

用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承，转向柱轴承具有带各自的滚道的内圈和外圈，滚珠在滚道上滚压。
背景技术
公知的是，转向柱轴承用于支承机动车的转向设备的转向柱。转向柱轴承用于，对将转向轮与转向变速器相连的转向芯轴进行无间隙支撑。在此，该转向柱轴承一方面应当具有高的刚度，但另一方面还应当尽可能低摩擦，以便能够实现转向设备的轻便的操作。转向柱轴承还必须能够，有效地缓冲噪音和震动，正如也应当对常见的轴和壳体公差尽可能地不敏感，并且确保在轴上的高压紧力或者说保持力。
迄今为止，作为转向柱轴承使用标准球轴承，然而该标准球轴承是有间隙的。出于该原因，必须十分精确地制造轴或者壳体，所允许的公差范围很小。对实现小间隙同时小摩擦力矩的协调是高成本且困难的。
替选于使用标准球轴承，装配无切削制造的四点式轴承是已知的。这由于制造复杂而相对昂贵。在高的刚度和小的摩擦力矩之间的协调是高成本且困难的。
发明内容
因此，本发明所要解决的问题是，提出一种转向柱轴承，其在低成本的可制造性的情况下提供了高的刚度以及同时提供了小的摩擦力矩。
为了解决该问题，在开头提到类型的转向柱轴承中，根据本发明设置外圈被套筒围嵌，在该套筒中布置有弹簧圈，该弹簧圈使得滚珠相对各自的滚道张紧，并使该滚珠在该弹簧圈上滚压。
根据本发明，转向柱轴承具有配属于外圈的弹簧圈，弹簧圈与外圈共同容纳在围嵌两者的套筒中。也就是说，近似板簧状地实施的弹簧圈是钢弹簧，钢弹簧用作公差补偿元件并进而用于轴承的预紧。在装配范围内，在插装了弹簧圈的外圈和弹簧圈之后，套筒以弯边工艺被相对应地折边，由此通过如下方式实现了预紧，即，使得该轴承是无间隙的并且得到了尽可能小的摩擦力矩。在把套筒折边之后，弹簧圈使得滚珠不仅相对外圈的滚道而且相对内圈的滚道张紧，其中，该弹簧圈同时同样形成了滚珠滚道。通过整合的弹簧圈(即公差补偿元件)，也能够实现对轴承限定地预紧，因此轴承是无间隙的。轴承被设计为三点式轴承，其中，三点式轴承在具有高的刚度的同时具有小的摩擦力矩。通过弹簧圈，相对应的部件不准确性或者说公差被毫无问题地补偿，从而总地实现了相对低成本的转向柱轴承。
弹簧圈本身优选由弹簧钢板材构成，以深冲工艺由弹簧钢板材相对应地成形出弹簧圈，从而该弹簧圈拥有期望的横截面几何形状。在此该弹簧圈成形为，其以至少一个端部，优选以其两个端部支撑在套筒的内侧上，从而该弹簧圈相对于套筒弹性弯曲。为了在此尽可能紧凑地实施该轴承，套筒的内轮廓优选与弹簧圈的外轮廓相似。该两种几何形状如下地彼此协调，即，使得弹簧圈虽然以其端部支撑在套筒内侧上，然而在弹簧圈与套筒之间仅保留有相对窄的缝隙，将缝隙足够宽地设计，以便弹簧圈在折边之后可以构建出预期的预紧。
为了能够把根据本发明的转向柱轴承尽可能简单地装配在转向芯轴或者说轴上，并同时确保必需的高保持力，在内圈优选在边缘侧构造出多个径向向内指向的爪状的保持区段。该爪状保持区段反卡或者卡止在轴上的相对应的保持几何形状上，从而能够实现将内圈并且进而将轴承安全固定在轴上。此外，对于轻松的装配有利的是，在内圈上在边缘处，特别是在对置于必要时设置的保持区段的边缘处、在内周上设置倒棱。这能够实现将轴承轻松地推移到轴上。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明的实施例，并在下文中进一步描述。其中：
图1示出机动车的转向设备的原理图；并且
图2示出穿过根据本发明的转向柱轴承的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1以原理图的方式示出了机动车的转向设备1的简化视图，其包括了带有转向芯轴3的转向柱2，转向芯轴与转向轮4相连并且通向没有详细示出的转向变速器。在示出的实施例中，转向芯轴3通过两个转向柱轴承5转动支承，这两个转向柱轴承以其各自的内圈紧固在转向芯轴3上，而这两个转向柱轴承以其外圈固定在承载相对应的壳体或者类似物的构件中。图1示出了刚性的转向柱，但显然能摆动的和/或能伸缩的转向柱也是公知的。它们也通过相对应的转向柱轴承在芯轴侧转动支承。
图2示出了穿过根据本发明的转向柱轴承5的剖视图。转向柱轴承包括内圈6，通过内圈将转向柱轴承5固定在转向芯轴3上。内圈是经拉伸的构件。内圈在一个端部具有倒棱7，该倒棱用于使装配简化，并且能够实现易于将转向柱轴承5推移到转向芯轴3上。在内圈6的另一端部上设置有卡止轮廓8，卡止轮廓包括多个向内指向的爪状的保持区段9，爪状的保持区段由于相对应的留空部10而以有弹簧弹性的方式设计。爪状的保持区段径向向内被拉伸并且用于锁定在轴上的相对应的配对轮廓上。通过卡止连接实现了所需的保持力，以便可以根据规定在转向芯轴3上构建转向柱轴承5。
此外，转向柱轴承5包括外圈11，外圈是经冲压的由厚的带条制成的构件，并且被设计成确保壳体中适宜的支撑宽度，转向柱轴承5的外圈或者说该部分被固定在壳体中。外圈11被由软板材制成的套筒12包围。在套筒12中容纳有弹簧圈13，弹簧圈用作公差补偿元件并且用于使转向柱轴承5预紧。
此外，该转向柱轴承5具有多个滚珠14，滚珠在内圈6、外圈11以及弹簧圈13的相对应的滚道上滚压。该内圈6具有滚动面15，滚动面在横截面上看具有相对应的略大于滚珠半径的半径。外圈11也具有带相对应的半径的滚动面16。弹簧圈13以在其中间区段17中呈圆锥的方式实施为多重拐角或弯折的构件。在区段17中，弹簧圈与套筒12稍微间隔开，弹簧圈仅以其端部18、19靠置在套筒内侧。这意味着，因此得到了弹簧圈13在套筒12中的一定的可弹簧压缩性(Federbarkeit)。弹簧圈13现在使得滚珠14相对内圈和外圈6、11的滚道15、16张紧，而该弹簧圈同时形成了三点式转向柱轴承5的第三滚道20。由于成形为由相对应的弹簧钢板材制成的弹簧钢构件的弹簧圈13优选是经拉伸的，因此转向柱轴承5一方面可以被预紧并且进而无间隙地进行调节，另一方面由于仅实施为三点式轴承，因此可以以相对低摩擦的方式来设计。
在装配的范围内，首先把已经预成形的弹簧圈13插装到预成形的、且以其横截面近似地相对应于弹簧圈横截面的、然而尚未折边的套筒12中，然后将内圈6推入。接着填装滚珠14，然后插装外圈11。最后，将该套筒12在弯边过程中相对应地折边，从而得出在图2中所示出的横截面几何形状。获得总体上紧凑的构造方式。
附图标记列表
1转向设备
2转向柱
3转向芯轴
4转向轮
5转向柱轴承
6内圈
7倒棱
8卡止轮廓
9保持区段
10留空部
11外圈
12套筒
13弹簧圈
14滚珠
15滚道
16滚道
17区域
18端部
19端部
20滚道

Claims (6)

1.一种用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承，所述转向柱轴承具有带各自的滚道(15、16)的内圈(6)和外圈(11)，滚珠(14)在所述滚道上滚压，其特征在于，所述外圈(11)被套筒(12)围嵌，在所述套筒中布置有弹簧圈(13)，所述弹簧圈使得所述滚珠(14)相对各自的滚道(15、16)张紧，并使所述滚珠(14)在所述弹簧圈上滚压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转向柱轴承，其特征在于，所述弹簧圈(13)由弹簧钢板材成形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的转向柱轴承，其特征在于，所述弹簧圈(13)以至少一个端部(18、19)，优选以其端部(18、19)支撑在所述套筒(12)的内侧上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的转向柱轴承，其特征在于，所述套筒(12)的内轮廓与所述弹簧圈(13)的外轮廓相似。
5.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的转向柱轴承，其特征在于，在所述内圈(6)上在边缘侧构造出多个径向向内指向的爪状的保持区段(9)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的转向柱轴承，其特征在于，在所述内圈(6)上在边缘处，特别是在与必要时设置的保持区段(9)相对置的边缘处，在内周上设置有倒棱(7)。
CN201480064616.3A 2013-12-06 2014-10-15 用于支承机动车的转向柱的转向柱轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN105765250B (zh)

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DE102013225068.1 2013-12-06
DE102013225068.1A DE102013225068A1 (de) 2013-12-06 2013-12-06 Lenkungslager zur Lagerung einer Lenksäule eines Kraftfahrzeugs
PCT/DE2014/200556 WO2015081939A1 (de) 2013-12-06 2014-10-15 Lenkungslager zur lagerung einer lenksäule eines kraftfahrzeugs

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CN105765250B CN105765250B (zh) 2019-01-22

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US20160305474A1 (en) 2016-10-20
WO2015081939A1 (de) 2015-06-11
US9765812B2 (en) 2017-09-19
CN105765250B (zh) 2019-01-22

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