CN105753610A - Preparation method of modified straw oil-based coated fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of modified straw oil-based coated fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105753610A CN105753610A CN201410776999.9A CN201410776999A CN105753610A CN 105753610 A CN105753610 A CN 105753610A CN 201410776999 A CN201410776999 A CN 201410776999A CN 105753610 A CN105753610 A CN 105753610A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of environment science and functional polymers, and relates to a method for preparing a coated organic-inorganic composite fertilizer with excellent hydrophobic and lipophilic performances through carrying out hydrophobic and lipophilic modification on waste straws in order to change the waste straws into valuables. As is known to all, the straws are natural and degradable resources, mainly comprise polysaccharide substances, and concretely comprise 70-80% of cellulose and hemicellulose and 14-17% of lignin, lignin has certain hydrophobicity, cellulose and hemicellulose have certain hydrophilicity, the straws are hydrophobically and lipophilically modified by isng acetic anhydride and a catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine to increase the lipophilic and hydrophobic group C=O, and the lipophilic and hydrophobic performances of the modified straws and self-made modified oil are used to prepare the coated fertilizer, so the waste straws are effectively used, and a novel coated fertilizer material is provided to provide theoretic exploration and value references for development of sustained release fertilizers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of environmental science, and belong to functional polymer technical field, obtain a kind of hydrophobicity and the excellent peplos composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of oil absorbency by utilizing discarded straw to carry out hydrophobic oil suction modified so that waste straw turns waste into wealth.
Background technology
China's straw utilization rate is about 33% on the whole at present, it it is the solid waste that in China's agricultural production, yield is bigger, there are 1,000,000,000 tons more than every year, it is mainly used in the production of straw-returning, feedstuff and bioenergy, and the even open incineration of arbitrarily stacking remaining a large amount of straw causes serious atmospheric pollution, it is easy to cause rural fire and affect the safe operation of highway and civil aviaton.Therefore, necessary exploration has the method process agricultural crop straw of potential economic benefit and don't contaminated environment.On the other hand, China has been the first in the world large chemical fertilizer production and consumption state, this body structure being easily used to spoiled soil in a large number due to common chemical fertilizer, current countries in the world are all fertile at research sustained-release and controlled release of trying to be the first, this is a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly new-type fertilizer that can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, but owing to the reasons such as production cost is higher, coated fertilizer not degradable and actual land for growing field crops effect is bad limit its popularization and application.By the modified film-coated and slow release fertilizer of preparing of straw is had garbage recycling the advantage that can reduce coat fertilizer production cost greatly.
Straw is the resource of a kind of natural degradable, and straw is mainly by polysaccharose substance, and wherein cellulose and hemicellulose account for 70% 80%, and lignin accounts for 14% 17%；Except wooden certain hydrophobicity, cellulose and the hemicellulose of have all has certain hydrophilic, it is seen that straw self just has a degree of oil absorption and water absorption, is once used as the oil absorption material of marine oil overflow.But, owing to stalk cell wall component particularly outer wall containing the hydrophilic groups such as substantial amounts of hydroxyl, if reducing hydrophilic group increase lipophilic group to prepare coat fertilizer, not only it is possible not only to utilize hydrophobicity to improve sustained release performance, straw itself can also regard fertilizer, and straw-returning can improve the ability of Soil structure and water conservation, fertilizer, air and heat, makes the soil weight reduce, porosity increases, the content of organic matter improves, improve beneficial microorganism distribution, make nutrient structure tend to reasonable；So it is not only able to save fertilizer amount, reduces production cost, it is also possible to reduce environmental pollution; guarantee the benign cycle of agricultural production; protection Ecological Environment, promotes the Ecological Development of agricultural, and the comprehensive utilization for waste resource serves good popularization reference.
Summary of the invention
The target of the present invention, by utilizing discarded modified straw, makes straw turn waste into wealth；Simultaneously by utilizing the good oil absorption of modified straw and hydrophobicity to prepare the coat fertilizer with certain sustained release performance, the production cost of coat fertilizer is made to be greatly lowered.Finally give the organic-inorganic coated compound fertilizer of a kind of sustained release performance function admirable.For completing foregoing invention purpose, it is rapid that the present invention includes following steps:
1) first collect discarded straw, be exposed to the sun under bright day gas about one week, then with cutting side tool, dry straw is shredded, in air dry oven, after compiling, dry 3h；Pulverize thoroughly with whirlwind type crushing machine again, then sieve, with the screen cloth of 100-400 order, the stalk fibre powder taking pulverizing respectively, be respectively put in bag standby；
2) in the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, condensing tube and thermometer; add the appropriate powder of straw of pretreatment and appropriate acetic anhydride (AA); its ratio controls at 1:0.5-1:2.0; DMAP (DMAP) 0.2-0.8g; 1-2h is reacted when temperature is 100 DEG C-150 DEG C; make the hydroxy ester acidylate in powder of straw, increase hydrophobic oleophilic oil group；
3) after having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified powder of straw to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 50-60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven；
4) a certain amount of carbamide 10.0g and modified modified powder of straw 3.0-5.0g is weighed, its ratio controls at 1:0.3-1:0.5, first by the conical flask pouring rapidly 250mL after carbamide hot air drying 5min into, then drip homemade modified soybean oil 2-5 to drip, rocking-turn 2min when with manual rotation for 3-5r/s, being slowly added into the modified modified powder of straw of 0.5-1.0g rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed is 2-5r/s；Add 2-5 and drip modified soybean oil rocking-turn 2-5min, be slowly added into 0.1-0.3g modified straw powder rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed 3-5r/s；Continuing first dropping modified oil and be subsequently adding modified straw powder, so repeat 3-5 time, the whenabouts of peplos is 30-50 minute, and the ratio of carbamide, modified straw and modified oil controlled well is 1:0.3:0.05-1:0.8:0.4；Such modified straw powder fat-based coated carbamide just prepares；
5) the above-mentioned coated carbamide prepared is poured into surface plate, 30-40h in the air dry oven of present 60 DEG C, be then placed in sealing in bag, and preserve in relatively dry environment.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below by concrete example, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one,
Equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, add pretreatment modification powder of straw 1.0g and acetic anhydride (AA) 2.0g, DMAP (DMAP) 0.3g, 2h is reacted when temperature is 100 DEG C, after having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified modified straw powder to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven.Recording its oil absorbency with husky star funnel is 1.21g/g.
Embodiment two,
Equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, add pretreatment modification powder of straw 1.0g and acetic anhydride (AA) 1.5g, DMAP (DMAP) 0.3g, 2h is reacted when temperature is 100 DEG C, after having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified modified straw powder to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven.Recording its oil absorbency with husky star funnel is 1.15g/g.
Embodiment three,
Equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, add pretreatment modification powder of straw 1.0g and acetic anhydride (AA) 1.5g, DMAP (DMAP) 0.3g, 2h is reacted when temperature is 80 DEG C, after having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified modified straw powder to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven.Recording its oil absorbency with husky star funnel is 1.12g/g.
Embodiment four,
Equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, equipped with agitator, in the there-necked flask of condensing tube and thermometer, add pretreatment modification powder of straw 1.0g and acetic anhydride (AA) 1.5g, DMAP (DMAP) 0.3g, 3h is reacted when temperature is 80 DEG C, after having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified modified straw powder to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven.Recording its oil absorbency with husky star funnel is 1.18g/g.
Embodiment five,
Weigh a certain amount of carbamide 10.0g and the modified powder of straw 5.0g of example, first in the conical flask pouring rapidly 250mL after carbamide hot air drying 5min into, will then drip homemade modified soybean oil 2-5 and drip, rocking-turn 2min when with manual rotation for 3-5r/s；Being slowly added into 0.5g modified straw powder rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed is 2-5r/s；Then first drip modified oil by above-mentioned steps and add modified straw powder again；So repeat 5-6 time；Finally adding 2 modified soybean oil rocking-turn 5min, modified soybean oil has added 1.0g altogether, is 10.9% treating that thoroughly solidification records initial stage nutrient release rate by hydrostatic method after drying, and the accumulative release rate of 28d is 75.6%, basically reaches the standard of slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment six,
Weigh a certain amount of carbamide 10.0g and the modified powder of straw 5.0g of example, first by the conical flask pouring rapidly 250mL after carbamide hot air drying 5min into, then drip homemade modified soybean oil 2-5 to drip, rocking-turn 2min when with manual rotation for 3-5r/s, being slowly added into 0.5g modified straw powder rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed is 2-5r/s；Then first drip modified oil by above-mentioned steps and add modified straw powder again；So repeat 5-6 time；Finally adding 2 modified soybean oil rocking-turn 5min, modified soybean oil has added 2.5g altogether.Treating that thoroughly solidification records initial stage nutrient release rate by hydrostatic method after drying is 11.5%, and the accumulative release rate of 28d is 74.8%, basically reaches the standard of release-controlled coated fertilizer.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer, it is characterised in that it is rapid that the method includes following steps:
First collect discarded straw, be exposed to the sun under bright day gas about one week, then with cutting side tool, dry straw is shredded, in air dry oven, after compiling, dry 3h；Pulverize thoroughly with whirlwind type crushing machine again, then sieve, with the screen cloth of 100-400 order, the stalk fibre powder taking pulverizing respectively, be respectively put in bag standby；
In the there-necked flask equipped with agitator, condensing tube and thermometer; add the appropriate powder of straw of pretreatment and appropriate acetic anhydride (AA); its ratio controls at 1:0.5-1:2.0; DMAP (DMAP) 0.2-0.8g; 1-2h is reacted when temperature is 100 DEG C-150 DEG C; make the hydroxy ester acidylate in powder of straw, increase hydrophobic oleophilic oil group；
After having reacted, static 0.5h, take out conical flask, with its outer wall of the tap water under room temperature, after being cooled to room temperature, pour out modified powder of straw to defecator, first with alcohol flushing 2-3 time of 95%, then with bottle,suction evacuation sucking filtration, it is finally putting in culture dish and spreads out 50-60 DEG C of 6-10h in air dry oven；
Weigh a certain amount of carbamide 10.0g and modified modified powder of straw 3.0-5.0g, its ratio controls at 1:0.3-1:0.5, first by the conical flask pouring rapidly 250mL after carbamide hot air drying 5min into, then drip homemade modified soybean oil 2-5 to drip, rocking-turn 2min when with manual rotation for 3-5r/s, being slowly added into the modified modified powder of straw of 0.5-1.0g rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed is 2-5r/s；Add 2-5 and drip modified soybean oil rocking-turn 2-5min, be slowly added into 0.1-0.3g modified straw powder rocking-turn 5min, rotating speed 3-5r/s；Continuing first dropping modified oil and be subsequently adding modified straw powder, so repeat 3-5 time, the whenabouts of peplos is 30-50 minute, and the ratio of carbamide, modified straw and modified oil controlled well is 1:0.3:0.05-1:0.8:0.3；Such modified straw powder fat-based coated carbamide just prepares；
The above-mentioned coated carbamide prepared is poured into surface plate, 30-40h in the air dry oven of present 60 DEG C, is then placed in sealing in bag, and preserve in relatively dry environment.
2. the ratio of the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, its feature straw and acetic anhydride is 1:0.5-1:2.0.
3. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that adding acetic anhydride is reaction dissolvent and DMAP (DMAP) catalyst.
4. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the optimal reaction temperature that straw modifiies is 100 DEG C-150 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the optimum grain-diameter of modified straw is 100-400 order.
6. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that modified straw oil absorbency is at 50%-100%.
7. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is 55 DEG C that modified the best dries temperature, and the time is 10h.
8. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the optimised process of peplos is the ratio of carbamide, modified straw and modified oil is 1:0.3:0.05-1:0.8:0.4.
9. the preparation method of a kind of modified straw fat-based coat fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the best number of times of peplos is 4-6 time, and Best Times is 30-50 minute.
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| CN201410776999.9A CN105753610A (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2014-12-17 | Preparation method of modified straw oil-based coated fertilizer |
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| CN201410776999.9A CN105753610A (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2014-12-17 | Preparation method of modified straw oil-based coated fertilizer |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106518276A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-03-22 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Sustained-release composite coating material and composite controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN107673849A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of novel alga polysaccharide derivates enveloped slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111264317A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-12 | 庆元县枫陌生态农业开发有限公司 | Chenopodium quinoa willd planting method in east China |
| CN116573960A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-08-11 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing water-retaining coated fertilizer from iron-containing straw cellulose pre-polymerized grease |
-
2014
- 2014-12-17 CN CN201410776999.9A patent/CN105753610A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106518276A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-03-22 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Sustained-release composite coating material and composite controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN106518276B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2020-01-24 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Slow-release composite coating material and composite controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN107673849A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of novel alga polysaccharide derivates enveloped slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111264317A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-12 | 庆元县枫陌生态农业开发有限公司 | Chenopodium quinoa willd planting method in east China |
| CN116573960A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-08-11 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing water-retaining coated fertilizer from iron-containing straw cellulose pre-polymerized grease |
| CN116573960B (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2024-03-15 | 石河子大学 | Method for preparing water-retaining coated fertilizer from iron-containing straw cellulose pre-polymerized grease |
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