CN105749728B - Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN105749728B CN105749728B CN201410781976.7A CN201410781976A CN105749728B CN 105749728 B CN105749728 B CN 105749728B CN 201410781976 A CN201410781976 A CN 201410781976A CN 105749728 B CN105749728 B CN 105749728B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for capturing carbon dioxide, which captures the carbon dioxide by adopting a chemical absorption method based on a catalytic reaction process and by utilizing a fractal dimension heat exchange and steam recompression process strengthening technology. The invention also discloses a carbon dioxide capturing device for the method, which comprises an absorption tower, a desorption tower, a mixed steam separation system and a reboiler system. The invention captures carbon dioxide by using a catalytic desorption method, a fractal dimension heat exchanger and a steam recompression process strengthening technology, not only improves the reaction rate, but also reduces the energy consumption, and can be widely applied to CO in gases such as natural gas, conversion gas, flue gas or synthesis gas2And (4) trapping, separating and purifying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy and chemical engineering, in particular to the technical field of carbon capture, and more particularly relates to a method for capturing carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to a carbon dioxide capture device for use in the method.
Background
The chemical absorption technology is the current stage researchOne of the most active, most mature, most industrially scalable or commercialized carbon capture technologies. The chemical absorption gas separation method is a method of selectively removing a component which is easily dissolved in an absorption liquid from a gas phase by a chemical reaction using an absorbent solvent. CO removal by chemical absorption2Substantially utilizes the CO in the alkaline absorbent solution and the mixed gas2Contact and generate chemical reaction to form unstable salts which can be reversely decomposed to release CO under certain conditions2Thereby achieving the purpose of introducing CO2Separating and enriching from the mixed gas.
One of the centers of the technology for capturing carbon dioxide by the chemical absorption method is the development of a high-efficiency absorbent. The existing absorbent mainly comprises solvents such as Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA), N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and the like or a mixed system thereof. The Chinese patent with publication number CN 103381330A proposes an absorbent for carbon capture, which consists of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole acetate and amine solution. The Chinese patent with publication number CN 102974203A proposes an absorbent with a special structure of active amine compound aqueous solution, the active amine molecule contains two functional groups of primary amine and tertiary amine, the primary amine mainly plays a role in accelerating the absorption rate, the tertiary amine can improve the absorption capacity and reduce the desorption temperature, and the two amines can play a role in promoting the activation. The active amine aqueous solution contacts with the gas to be treated, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the gas. According to the research characteristic analysis of the current domestic and foreign absorbents, a series of problems such as solvent degradation, equipment corrosion, high desorption energy consumption and the like are not solved in a conventional absorption system.
The desorption process of the technology for capturing carbon dioxide by the chemical absorption method needs a large amount of heat (the energy consumption of the desorption process for capturing the MEA carbon is about 3.5GJ/t CO2) Directly influences the economy and application and popularization of the technology. By utilizing a heat pump technology or a steam recompression technology, the low-grade heat energy is upgraded to a high-grade temperature area through the state change and phase change of a working medium, and the energy consumption in the desorption process of the carbon capture chemical absorption method can be greatly reduced. The Chinese patent publication No. CN 102869426A proposes a carbon dioxide gas recovery device, which recovers carbon dioxide gasThe apparatus includes a heat pump for moving heat generated by an exothermic reaction when the absorption liquid absorbs carbon dioxide in the absorption tower through a heat medium, and using the heat as a heat source for an endothermic reaction when the carbon dioxide is separated from the rich absorption liquid in the regeneration tower. Chinese patent publication No. CN 101464072a, which proposes a waste steam condensing heat recovery system of a coal-fired power plant, comprising: the high-temperature heat pump device is used for absorbing heat from the exhaust steam of the coal-fired power plant and improving the temperature of the working medium of the high-temperature heat pump through heat pump circulation; the carbon dioxide trapping device utilizes the high-temperature heat pump working medium to heat the MEA absorbent for trapping the carbon dioxide in the flue gas, and finishes the desorption process; the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump device is used for absorbing heat from the exhaust steam of the coal-fired power plant and improving the working medium temperature of the carbon dioxide heat pump through heat pump circulation; the regional heat supply heat utilization device utilizes the carbon dioxide heat pump working medium to heat regional domestic water and regional heat supply hot water.
The heat exchanger is key equipment for carbon capture concentration, is optimally designed, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and is one of important ways for saving energy and reducing consumption in the carbon capture process. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the currently adopted measures for enhancing heat transfer mainly comprise: changing the shape of the tube bundle or performing the design of screw thread shape, wave shape and the like on the inside and the outside of the tube, namely, performing enhanced heat transfer by reforming the shape or the surface configuration of the tube bundle; the fluid space outside the tube bundle adopts baffle type structure design. These enhanced heat transfer means cause continuous local disturbance of the fluid in the flow heat transfer region, increasing the turbulence intensity of the fluid, and thus improving the heat transfer efficiency, but lead to an increase in the flow resistance of the system. In addition, the existing heat exchange tube bundle design lacks the consideration of fluid conveying path optimization, and the problems of unreasonable fluid conveying path, increase of flow resistance and unmatched heat transfer performance in the heat exchange tube bundle exist in structural design. Therefore, the structure optimization design of the heat exchange tube bundle in the heat exchanger is urgently needed to realize high-efficiency heat exchange. The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent of publication No. CN 202304505U provides a kangtuo collection fractal structural formula heat exchanger, with the heat exchanger tube bank design of shell and tube heat exchanger component shape structural feature with make full use of shell space, increase mobile heat transfer area to improve the mobile heat transfer comprehensive properties of heat exchanger, furthest improves the heat validity (heat transfer volume/pump work) of heat exchanger promptly, and then reaches high-efficient heat transfer and energy-conserving purpose. The invention patent of China with the publication number of CN 102032828B provides a novel heat exchange tube with fractal surface structure characteristics and a special-shaped disturbing fluid inserted in the tube, and the heat exchange tube can improve the field cooperativity of flowing heat exchange in the heat exchange tube, thereby achieving the purposes of high-efficiency heat exchange and energy conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capturing method which can reduce the energy consumption in the carbon capturing process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for capturing the carbon dioxide adopts a chemical absorption method based on a catalytic reaction process, and utilizes a fractal dimension heat exchange and steam recompression process strengthening technology to capture the carbon dioxide.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) absorbing carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide-containing gas source by using a chemical absorption medium to generate a rich absorption liquid;
2) desorbing carbon dioxide from the rich absorption liquid and generating a lean absorption liquid;
3) carbon dioxide is separated from other vapors by a vapor recompression process intensification technique.
Wherein a solid base catalyst is used in the process of absorbing carbon dioxide and a solid acid catalyst is used in the process of desorbing carbon dioxide.
The vapor recompression process intensification technique includes the steps of: compressing and boosting the mixed steam, condensing and exchanging heat to form high-pressure liquid, throttling, changing into a mixture of low-pressure and low-temperature saturated steam and saturated liquid, and separating carbon dioxide gas and condensate.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture device based on the method, which is more efficient and energy-saving.
In order to solve the above-described problems, a carbon dioxide capturing device according to the present invention includes:
the absorption tower is used for absorbing carbon dioxide gas from a gas source containing carbon dioxide by adopting a chemical absorption medium to generate rich absorption liquid;
a desorption tower for separating the carbon dioxide from the rich absorption liquid to regenerate a chemical absorption medium to produce a lean absorption liquid;
a mixed vapor separation system for conducting a mixed vapor containing the carbon dioxide gas out of the desorption tower, cooling the mixed vapor, separating the carbon dioxide gas from the condensate, and returning the condensate to the desorption tower;
a reboiler system for leading the chemical absorption medium having absorbed the carbon dioxide out of the desorption tower, heating the chemical absorption medium, and returning the heated chemical absorption medium to the desorption tower; the reboiler system comprises a heat exchanger.
The mixed vapor separation system includes vapor recompression device, vapor recompression device mainly comprises compressor, condenser, choke valve and evaporimeter closed system, the compressor is used for compressing desorption top of the tower exhaust mixed steam that contains carbon dioxide, the condenser is used for condensing the mixed steam that steps up through the compressor compression to high-pressure liquid, the choke valve is used for with high-pressure liquid converts low-pressure cryogenic saturated steam and saturated liquid's mixture into, the evaporimeter is used for following separate carbon dioxide gas and condensate in the mixture of saturated steam and saturated liquid. The steam recompression device improves the quality of low-grade heat energy to a high-grade temperature area through the state change and phase change of the working medium.
The reboiler system includes vapor recompression device, and this vapor recompression device is including choke valve, evaporimeter and compressor, and the choke valve is used for the decompression, and the evaporimeter is used for separating steam and condensate, and the compressor is used for returning the desorption tower with high temperature high-pressure gas compression steam.
The condenser and the heat exchanger are fractal heat exchangers, and the fractal heat exchangers have a structure of a constantan set fractal structure, so that the flowing heat exchange area can be increased, and the flowing heat exchange comprehensive performance of the heat exchanger is improved.
The invention improves the reaction rate and reduces the reaction rate by using the catalytic desorption methodThe retention time reduces the operation temperature of the device and reduces the energy consumption; the fractal heat exchanger is used for increasing the flow heat exchange area, and the steam recompression process strengthening technology is used, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, the process energy consumption is reduced, and the fractal heat exchanger can be widely applied to CO in gases such as natural gas, conversion gas, flue gas or synthetic gas2And (4) trapping, separating and purifying.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the system configuration of a carbon dioxide capture device according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the system configuration of a carbon dioxide capturing device according to example 2 of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are illustrated as follows:
1. 26: mixed gas source containing carbon dioxide gas
2. 27: raw material gas
3. 28: decarbonizing purified gas
4. 5, 6, 29, 30, 31: rich absorption liquid
7. 8, 9, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47: lean absorption liquid
10. 45, and (2) 45: supplementary absorbent
13. 48: carbon dioxide and steam mixture
14. 41: high temperature high pressure steam
15: high pressure liquid
16. 39: vapor-liquid mixture
17. 50: carbon dioxide gas
18. 19, 51: condensate liquid
24. 35: external heat source (input)
25. 36: external heat source (output)
40: low temperature low pressure steam
49: mixed liquid containing carbon dioxide
52: condensed water (input)
53: condensed water (output)
1001. 2001: absorption tower
1002. 2002: desorption tower
1003. 2003: fan blower
1004. 2004: rich absorption liquid pump
1005. 2005: lean and rich absorption liquid heat exchanger
1006. 2012: lean absorption liquid pump
1007. 2013: cooling device
1008. 2011: compressor with a compressor housing having a plurality of compressor blades
1009. 2014: condenser
1010. 2009: throttle valve
1011. 2010, 2015: gas-liquid separator
1012. 1013, 2006, 2008: circulating pump
1014. 2007: reboiler system heat exchanger
Detailed Description
For a more detailed understanding of the technical content, features and effects of the present invention, reference should now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. The production apparatus and the process method which are not described in detail in the examples are those known in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide capturing device of the present embodiment includes: an absorption column 1001, a desorption column 1002, a mixed steam separation system, a reboiler system, a steam recompression device, and the like.
A mixed gas source 1 containing carbon dioxide gas is input into an absorption tower 1001 through a fan 1003, flows through the absorption tower 1001 from bottom to top, and forms countercurrent contact with lean absorption liquid 12 entering the tower from the upper part, so that carbon dioxide is removed. The purified decarbonized purified gas 3 is discharged from the top of the absorption tower 1001. The rich absorbent 4 having absorbed the carbon dioxide is pumped into the lean absorbent heat exchanger 1005 by the rich absorbent pump 1004 to exchange heat with the lean absorbent 8 having a high temperature after desorption, and enters the desorption tower 1002 after absorbing heat. The rich absorption liquid 6 enters from the upper part of the desorption tower 1002, the lean absorption liquid 7 after carbon dioxide desorption flows out from the bottom of the desorption tower 1002, and enters the absorption tower 1001 after heat exchange and cooling through the lean absorption liquid pump 1006, the lean and rich absorption liquid heat exchanger 1005 and the cooler 1007. The carbon dioxide and steam mixture 13 discharged from the top of the desorption tower 1002 enters a steam recompression device, is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure steam by a compressor 1008, is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction by a condenser 1009, is subjected to pressure reduction by a throttle valve 1010, a condensate 18 and carbon dioxide gas 17 are separated by a gas-liquid separator 1011, the condensate 18 is conveyed by a circulating pump 1012 and returns to the desorption tower 1002, and the separated carbon dioxide gas 17 enters a subsequent compression treatment procedure. The lean absorption liquid 20 at the bottom of the desorption tower 1002 is pumped into a reboiler system through a circulating pump 1013, enters a reboiler system heat exchanger 1014 after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise through a condenser 1009 of a steam recompression device, and then returns to the desorption tower 1002. The heat source for reboiler system heat exchanger 1014 is provided externally (e.g., saturated steam).
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the carbon dioxide capturing device of the present embodiment includes: an absorption column 2001, a desorption column 2002, a mixed vapor separation system, a reboiler system, a vapor recompression device, and the like.
The mixed gas source 26 containing carbon dioxide gas is fed into the absorption tower 2001 through a fan 2003, flows through the absorption tower 2001 from bottom to top, and forms countercurrent contact with the lean absorption liquid 47 fed into the tower from the upper part, so that carbon dioxide is removed. The purified decarbonized purified gas 28 is discharged from the top of the absorption tower 2001. The rich absorbent 29 that has absorbed carbon dioxide is pumped into the lean absorbent heat exchanger 2005 by the rich absorbent pump 2004 to exchange heat with the desorbed lean absorbent 43 having a higher temperature, and then enters the desorption tower 2002 after absorbing heat. The rich absorption liquid 31 enters from the upper part of the desorption column 2002. A part of the lean absorption liquid after the desorption of the carbon dioxide enters a reboiler system, enters a reboiler system heat exchanger 2007 through a circulating pump 2006, and then returns to the desorption tower 2002, and a heat source of the reboiler system heat exchanger 2007 is provided by the outside (for example, saturated steam); the other part of the lean absorption liquid enters a steam recompression device, is decompressed by a circulating pump 2008 and a throttle valve 2009, enters a gas-liquid separator 2010, is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam 41 by a compressor 2011, returns to the desorption tower 2002, and enters the absorption tower 2001 after the lean absorption liquid 42 is subjected to heat exchange and cooling by a lean liquid pump 2012, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2005 and a cooler 2013. The carbon dioxide and steam mixture 48 discharged from the top of the desorption tower 2002 enters a mixed steam separation system, heat exchange is carried out through a condenser 2014, a liquid phase returns to the desorption tower 2002 through a gas-liquid separator 2015, and the separated carbon dioxide gas 50 enters a subsequent compression treatment procedure.
In the absorption process and the desorption process of the two embodiments, a catalytic reaction is introduced to reduce the energy consumption of reaction desorption. The solid base catalyst is applied in the absorption process and the solid acid catalyst is applied in the desorption process.
Finally, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and not restrictive, and modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The carbon dioxide trapping method is characterized in that a chemical absorption method based on a catalytic reaction process is adopted, and a fractal dimension heat exchange and steam recompression process strengthening technology is utilized to trap carbon dioxide; the method comprises the following steps:
1) absorbing carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide-containing gas source by using a chemical absorption medium to generate a rich absorption liquid; using a solid base catalyst in the absorption of carbon dioxide; the rich absorption liquid is pumped into the lean absorption liquid heat exchanger through a rich absorption liquid pump to exchange heat with the desorbed lean absorption liquid with higher temperature, and the lean absorption liquid enters the desorption tower after absorbing heat;
2) desorbing carbon dioxide from the rich absorption liquid and generating a lean absorption liquid; using a solid acid catalyst in the desorption of carbon dioxide; part of the lean absorption liquid after the carbon dioxide desorption enters a reboiler system, enters a reboiler system heat exchanger through a circulating pump and then returns to the desorption tower, and a heat source of the reboiler system heat exchanger is provided by the outside; the other part of the absorption liquid enters a steam recompression device, is decompressed by a circulating pump and a throttle valve, then enters a gas-liquid separator, low-temperature and low-pressure steam is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure steam by a compressor and returns to a desorption tower, and lean absorption liquid enters an absorption tower after being subjected to heat exchange and cooling by a lean liquid pump, a lean and rich liquid heat exchanger and a cooler;
3) and (3) the mixture of the carbon dioxide and the steam discharged from the top of the desorption tower enters a mixed steam separation system, the heat is exchanged by a condenser, a gas-liquid separator is used for separating the carbon dioxide gas, the liquid phase returns to the desorption tower, and the separated carbon dioxide gas enters a subsequent compression treatment procedure.
2. A carbon dioxide capture device for use in the method of claim 1, comprising:
the absorption tower is used for absorbing carbon dioxide gas from a gas source containing carbon dioxide by adopting a chemical absorption medium to generate rich absorption liquid; the rich absorption liquid is pumped into the lean absorption liquid heat exchanger through a rich absorption liquid pump to exchange heat with the desorbed lean absorption liquid with higher temperature, and the lean absorption liquid enters the desorption tower after absorbing heat;
a desorption tower for separating the carbon dioxide from the rich absorption liquid to regenerate a chemical absorption medium to produce a lean absorption liquid; one part of the lean absorption liquid after the carbon dioxide desorption enters a reboiler system, the other part of the lean absorption liquid enters a steam recompression device, the lean absorption liquid enters a gas-liquid separator after being subjected to pressure reduction through a circulating pump and a throttle valve, low-temperature and low-pressure steam is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure steam through a compressor and returns to a desorption tower, and the lean absorption liquid enters an absorption tower after being subjected to heat exchange and cooling through a lean liquid pump, a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and a cooler;
a mixed vapor separation system for conducting a mixed vapor containing the carbon dioxide gas out of the desorption tower, cooling the mixed vapor, separating the carbon dioxide gas from the condensate, and returning the condensate to the desorption tower;
a reboiler system for leading the chemical absorption medium having absorbed the carbon dioxide out of the desorption tower, heating the chemical absorption medium, and returning the heated chemical absorption medium to the desorption tower; the reboiler system comprises a heat exchanger.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the condenser and heat exchanger are fractal heat exchangers having a constantan set fractal structure.
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| WO2014192381A1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | 関西電力株式会社 | Co2 recovery apparatus and co2 recovery method |
| CN106178895A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 中石化炼化工程（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of low energy consumption flue gas sulfur removal technology |
| CN107930346B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-12-29 | 广西金川有色金属有限公司 | Ionic liquid heating and regenerating device |
| CN112833325A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-25 | 青岛科技大学 | Decarbonization system for LNG power ship by using cold energy of fuel |
| CN116550117B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-15 | 山西大地生态环境技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for capturing carbon dioxide and co-producing organic weak acid salt |
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| CN102869426A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-01-09 | 新日铁工程技术株式会社 | Carbon dioxide gas recovery device |
| CN102917773A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2013-02-06 | 里贾纳大学 | Catalytic method and apparatus for separating a gaseous component from an incoming gas stream |
| CN103992831A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Low-temperature hydrolysis method for removing carbonyl sulfide in liquefied petroleum gas |
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| US8414853B2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2013-04-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd | System and method for enhanced removal of CO2 from a mixed gas stream via use of a catalyst |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102917773A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2013-02-06 | 里贾纳大学 | Catalytic method and apparatus for separating a gaseous component from an incoming gas stream |
| CN102869426A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-01-09 | 新日铁工程技术株式会社 | Carbon dioxide gas recovery device |
| CN103992831A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Low-temperature hydrolysis method for removing carbonyl sulfide in liquefied petroleum gas |
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