CN105746251A - 植物病害分类防治方法 - Google Patents

植物病害分类防治方法 Download PDF

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CN105746251A
CN105746251A CN201610033116.4A CN201610033116A CN105746251A CN 105746251 A CN105746251 A CN 105746251A CN 201610033116 A CN201610033116 A CN 201610033116A CN 105746251 A CN105746251 A CN 105746251A
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fungus
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copper sulfate
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蔡英明
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Huang Yuhua
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Abstract

植物病害分类防治方法，其特征在于包括类菌体病毒病、根肿病、真菌·烂根病、真菌·粉锈病、真菌·霜霉疫腐病的人工防治、物理防治以及化学防治方法。对类菌体病毒病采用三氯异氰脲酸钠+硫酸铜+三氮唑核苷酸+硫酸锌+盐酸吗啉胍；对根肿病采用三氯异氰脲酸钠+硫酸铜+聚维酮碘+聚六亚甲基胍；对真菌·烂根病采用氟啶胺+甲基立枯磷+五氯硝基苯；对真菌·粉锈病采用二氧化氯+硫酸铜+戊唑醇+福美双；对真菌·霜霉疫腐病采用二氧化氯+硫酸铜+烯酰吗啉+霜脲氰。

Description

植物病害分类防治方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种病害防治方法领域，尤其涉及一种植物病害分类防治方法。
背景技术
目前，防治植物(农作物、果树、蔬菜、花卉)病虫害的药物较多，如惠友铜、呀光、金纳海等，惠友铜是一种杀菌剂，该杀菌剂只能杀灭真菌和细菌病，在打药时间上受到限制，在高温和潮湿高温时打药对植物易产生药害，对植物真菌和细菌发病加快；呀光只能杀虫害，杀不了菌病，水稻有九种菌病，它只能杀稻瘟、纹枯恶苗、细菌性条斑和胡麻叶斑四种菌病，在打药前需先作实验，然后才能打药，给农民打药带来不便。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种既能杀灭病菌又能长时间保护植株的植物病害分类防治方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：植物病害分类防治方法，其特征通过如下措施达到：1、类菌体病毒病：①采用无病毒苗木或抗性品种；②种苗消毒；③降温保湿④磷过量、氯过量、缺锌、缺铜、缺钼导致病毒，应平衡施肥；⑤手术治疗：适用于林木和果树。类菌体在韧皮部内传导，秋冬从枝叶传至根，早春输液流动时从根传至树上。阻挡类菌原体传导，即可防治。方法是：土壤冻化前，先剪去疯枝并将疯枝同侧根切断，再用手锯在树干下部锯数道环状沟，切断皮层但不能深入木质部，伤口处埋土。⑥喷药：（30%～50%）三氯异氰脲酸钠+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(1%～5%)三氮唑核苷酸+(20%～60%)硫酸锌+(30%～60%)盐酸吗啉胍。三氯异氰尿酸钠，具有高效、广谱、较为安全的消毒作用，对细菌、病毒、真菌、芽孢等都有杀灭作用，对球虫卵囊也有一定杀灭作用。铜离子具有杀菌作用。三氮唑核苷酸具有抑制烟草花叶病毒的功效，5种硫酸盐对其杀毒均有增效作用,其中以同时添加硫酸铜和硫酸锌的增效作用最为显著。盐酸吗啉胍对草蚀纹病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、甜菜曲顶病毒、花叶病毒等均有良好防治效果。
2、根肿病：①不建重茬园，不用重茬苗；②栽苗前用抗癌菌蘸根；③透气差的粘土根癌重，应高垄栽植并多施有机肥；④磷过量、缺钙、缺铜根癌重，要平衡施肥；⑤高垄种植，田间排水。⑥灌药：（30%～50%）三氯异氰脲酸钠+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(3%～10%)聚维酮碘+(0.25%～0.1%)聚六亚甲基胍。聚维酮碘杀菌谱广、杀菌力强、能直接杀灭细菌、真菌、病毒、芽孢与原虫。聚六亚甲基胍有极强的杀灭细菌的能力，而且广谱、高效、并具有长期抑菌作用。
3、真菌·烂根病：①重茬严重，尽力避免；②起垄栽植，避免黏土涝洼；③用抗病砧木嫁接；④磷过量导致中微肥缺乏而烂根，要平衡施肥；⑤每亩沟埋或全园翻施氰氨化钙50公斤左右、喷氮酮、浇水、盖地膜，一个月后施底肥并播种移苗；⑥定植前施用生物有机肥；⑦定植穴内撒芽孢菌4公斤/亩；⑧烂根发生后，先用(187.5mg/L～250mg/L)氟啶胺+(20%～32.5%)甲基立枯磷+(36%～50%)五氯硝基苯灌穴，再在行间施用哈茨木霉菌或芽孢菌。
4、真菌·粉锈病：①苹果、梨园周围有桧柏，栗园周围有松柏引发锈病，向松柏喷药；②干旱温暖突遇雨露低温，注意温湿变化；③喷药：(80mg/L～120mg/L)二氧化氯+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(25%～45%)戊唑醇+(27.5%～40%)福美双。
5、真菌·霜霉疫腐病：①高湿发病，排水降湿，葡萄提高架面；②低温发病，注意保温；③弱光发病，增强光照；④喷药：(80mg/L～120mg/L)二氧化氯+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(50%～70%)烯酰吗啉+(20%～40%)霜脲氰。
具体实施方式
实施例一：1、类菌体病毒病：①采用无病毒苗木或抗性品种；②种苗消毒；③降温保湿④磷过量、氯过量、缺锌、缺铜、缺钼导致病毒，应平衡施肥；⑤手术治疗：适用于林木和果树。类菌体在韧皮部内传导，秋冬从枝叶传至根，早春输液流动时从根传至树上。阻挡类菌原体传导，即可防治。方法是：土壤冻化前，先剪去疯枝并将疯枝同侧根切断，再用手锯在树干下部锯数道环状沟，切断皮层但不能深入木质部，伤口处埋土。⑥喷药：36%三氯异氰脲酸钠+20%硫酸铜+2%三氮唑核苷酸+30%硫酸锌+30%盐酸吗啉胍。三氯异氰尿酸钠，具有高效、广谱、较为安全的消毒作用，对细菌、病毒、真菌、芽孢等都有杀灭作用，对球虫卵囊也有一定杀灭作用。铜离子具有杀菌作用。三氮唑核苷酸具有抑制烟草花叶病毒的功效，5种硫酸盐对其杀毒均有增效作用,其中以同时添加硫酸铜和硫酸锌[m(三氮唑核苷酸)∶m(硫酸铜)∶m(硫酸锌)=1∶10∶15]的增效作用最为显著,其毒力指数为176。盐酸吗啉胍对草蚀纹病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、甜菜曲顶病毒、花叶病毒等均有良好防治效果。
2、根肿病：①不建重茬园，不用重茬苗；②栽苗前用抗癌菌蘸根；③透气差的粘土根癌重，应高垄栽植并多施有机肥；④磷过量、缺钙、缺铜根癌重，要平衡施肥；⑤高垄种植，田间排水。⑥灌药：42%三氯异氰脲酸钠+25%硫酸铜+8%聚维酮碘+0.5%聚六亚甲基胍。聚维酮碘杀菌谱广、杀菌力强、能直接杀灭细菌、真菌、病毒、芽孢与原虫。聚六亚甲基胍有极强的杀灭细菌的能力，而且广谱、高效、并具有长期抑菌作用。
3、真菌·烂根病：①重茬严重，尽力避免；②起垄栽植，避免黏土涝洼；③用抗病砧木嫁接；④磷过量导致中微肥缺乏而烂根，要平衡施肥；⑤每亩沟埋或全园翻施氰氨化钙50公斤左右、喷氮酮、浇水、盖地膜，一个月后施底肥并播种移苗；⑥定植前施用生物有机肥；⑦定植穴内撒芽孢菌4公斤/亩；⑧烂根发生后，先用200mg/L氟啶胺+20%甲基立枯磷1000倍液+40%五氯硝基苯200倍液灌穴，再在行间施用哈茨木霉菌或芽孢菌。
4、真菌·粉锈病：①苹果、梨园周围有桧柏，栗园周围有松柏引发锈病，向松柏喷药；②干旱温暖突遇雨露低温，注意温湿变化；③喷药：120mg/L二氧化氯+25%硫酸铜+33%戊唑醇+30%福美双。
5、真菌·霜霉疫腐病：①高湿发病，排水降湿，葡萄提高架面；②低温发病，注意保温；③弱光发病，增强光照；④喷药：80mg/L二氧化氯+35%硫酸铜+55%烯酰吗啉+20%霜脲氰。

Claims (8)

1.植物病害分类防治方法，其特征在于：采用物理、人工及化学措施防治包括类菌体病毒病、根肿病、真菌·烂根病、真菌·粉锈病、真菌·霜霉疫腐病的植物病害。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物病害防治方法，其特征在于：对于类菌体病毒病采用以下措施：①采用无病毒苗木或抗性品种；②种苗消毒；③降温保湿④磷过量、氯过量、缺锌、缺铜、缺钼导致病毒，应平衡施肥；⑤手术治疗：土壤冻化前，先剪去疯枝并将疯枝同侧根切断，再用手锯在树干下部锯数道环状沟，切断皮层但不能深入木质部，伤口处埋土。
3.⑥喷药：（30%～50%）三氯异氰脲酸钠+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(1%～5%)三氮唑核苷酸+(20%～60%)硫酸锌+(30%～60%)盐酸吗啉胍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植物病害防治方法，其特征在于：对于根肿病采用以下措施：①不建重茬园，不用重茬苗；②栽苗前用抗癌菌蘸根；③透气差的粘土根癌重，应高垄栽植并多施有机肥；④磷过量、缺钙、缺铜根癌重，要平衡施肥；⑤高垄种植，田间排水。
5.⑥灌药：（30%～50%）三氯异氰脲酸钠+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(3%～10%)聚维酮碘+(0.25%～0.1%)聚六亚甲基胍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的植物病害防治方法，其特征在于：对于真菌·烂根病采用以下措施：①重茬严重，尽力避免；②起垄栽植，避免黏土涝洼；③用抗病砧木嫁接；④磷过量导致中微肥缺乏而烂根，要平衡施肥；⑤每亩沟埋或全园翻施氰氨化钙50公斤左右、喷氮酮、浇水、盖地膜，一个月后施底肥并播种移苗；⑥定植前施用生物有机肥；⑦定植穴内撒芽孢菌4公斤/亩；⑧烂根发生后，先用(187.5mg/L～250mg/L)氟啶胺+(20%～32.5%)甲基立枯磷+(36%～50%)五氯硝基苯灌穴，再在行间施用哈茨木霉菌或芽孢菌。
7.根据权利要求1所述的植物病害防治方法，其特征在于：对于真菌·粉锈病采用以下措施：①苹果、梨园周围有桧柏，栗园周围有松柏引发锈病，向松柏喷药；②干旱温暖突遇雨露低温，注意温湿变化；③喷药：(80mg/L～120mg/L)二氧化氯+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(25%～45%)戊唑醇+(27.5%～40%)福美双。
8.根据权利要求1所述的植物病害防治方法，其特征在于：对于真菌·霜霉疫腐病采用以下措施：①高湿发病，排水降湿，葡萄提高架面；②低温发病，注意保温；③弱光发病，增强光照；④喷药：(80mg/L～120mg/L)二氧化氯+(20%～40%)硫酸铜+(50%～70%)烯酰吗啉+(20%～40%)霜脲氰。
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107047610A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-18 京博农化科技股份有限公司 一种含二氧化氯的组合物及其制备方法
CN107047611A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-18 京博农化科技股份有限公司 一种含二氧化氯的防细菌组合物及其制备方法
CN107384422A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2017-11-24 安徽天知蓝农林科技有限公司 一种果木种植土壤改良剂
CN110477022A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2019-11-22 江苏萤火虫环境科技有限公司 一种防治高温多雨天气下伴矿景天烂根的方法及杀菌剂
CN111202095A (zh) * 2020-03-10 2020-05-29 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种用于防治水稻细菌性条斑病的组合物及其制备方法与应用

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