CN105739552B - For liquid lead or the oxygen control devices and methods therefor of liquid lead bismuth alloy circuit system - Google Patents
For liquid lead or the oxygen control devices and methods therefor of liquid lead bismuth alloy circuit system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于核工程与核技术领域的一种用于液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统的氧控装置及其方法。所述氧控装置包括：驱动泵、两个氧传感器接口、两个电动阀门、质量交换器、螺旋冷却水管、第一法兰、换热器、加热器以及管道；两个氧传感器接口分别为第一氧传感器接口和第二氧传感器接口；两个电动阀门分别为第一电动阀门和第二电动阀门。所述氧控装置通过冷却装置和加热装置，调节液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度，控制固态氧化铅在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的溶解和析出，进而调节液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度。该氧控装置具有高效、快速、清洁的特点；相比于以往的固态氧浓度控制方式，具有灵活操作方案、易于加工和组装的特点。
The invention discloses an oxygen control device for liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system and a method thereof, which belong to the field of nuclear engineering and nuclear technology. The oxygen control device includes: a driving pump, two oxygen sensor interfaces, two electric valves, a mass exchanger, a spiral cooling water pipe, a first flange, a heat exchanger, a heater and pipelines; the two oxygen sensor interfaces are respectively The first oxygen sensor interface and the second oxygen sensor interface; the two electric valves are respectively the first electric valve and the second electric valve. The oxygen control device adjusts the temperature of the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy through the cooling device and the heating device, controls the dissolution and precipitation of the solid lead oxide in the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and then adjusts the temperature of the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy. Oxygen concentration in . The oxygen control device has the characteristics of high efficiency, fast and clean; compared with the previous solid oxygen concentration control method, it has the characteristics of flexible operation scheme, easy processing and assembly.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于核工程与核技术领域，具体涉及一种用于液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统的氧控装置及其方法。The invention belongs to the field of nuclear engineering and nuclear technology, in particular to an oxygen control device and method for liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy circuit system.
背景技术Background technique
液态铅或铅铋合金是加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中主要高能散列靶的首选材料和铅基反应堆中冷却剂的重要候选材料。但液态铅或铅铋合金对结构钢材的腐蚀性，成为制约其广泛应用的重要因素。目前，氧浓度控制技术普遍被认为是最有效的液态铅铋合金防腐手段。国际上现有的实验，几乎全是通过向液态金属中或其表面覆盖的气体中注射低浓度的氧气或氢气来调节液态铅铋合金中的氧含量，但这种气态氧浓度控制方式存在诸多缺点。Liquid lead or lead-bismuth alloys are the materials of choice for primary high-energy hash targets in accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) and important candidates for coolants in lead-based reactors. However, the corrosiveness of liquid lead or lead-bismuth alloy to structural steel has become an important factor restricting its wide application. At present, oxygen concentration control technology is generally considered to be the most effective anti-corrosion method for liquid lead-bismuth alloys. Existing experiments in the world almost all adjust the oxygen content in the liquid lead-bismuth alloy by injecting low-concentration oxygen or hydrogen into the liquid metal or the gas covered on its surface, but there are many ways to control the gaseous oxygen concentration. shortcoming.
通过调节固态铅/铋氧化物的溶解和析出，进而快速调节液态铅铋合金中的氧含量是一项处于国际前沿的领先技术。固态氧浓度控制技术，具有高效的质量交换、快速的氧浓度调节、无残渣生成、无需定时清理、不降低材料热力学性能及可完全废除氢气注射系统等诸多优点，相比于气体控制来说具有很大的优越性。By adjusting the dissolution and precipitation of solid lead/bismuth oxides, and then quickly adjusting the oxygen content in liquid lead-bismuth alloys is a leading technology at the international frontier. Solid oxygen concentration control technology has many advantages such as efficient mass exchange, rapid oxygen concentration adjustment, no residue generation, no need for regular cleaning, no reduction in material thermodynamic properties and complete abolition of hydrogen injection system. Compared with gas control, it has many advantages. Great advantage.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统的氧控装置及其方法。The object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen control device and method for liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
一种用于液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧控装置，所述氧控装置包括：驱动泵2、两个氧传感器接口、两个电动阀门、质量交换器1、螺旋冷却水管8、第一法兰24、换热器4、加热器11以及管道；两个氧传感器接口分别为第一氧传感器接口3和第二氧传感器接口25；两个电动阀门分别为第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26；An oxygen control device used in a liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system, the oxygen control device includes: a drive pump 2, two oxygen sensor interfaces, two electric valves, a mass exchanger 1, and a spiral cooling water pipe 8 , the first flange 24, the heat exchanger 4, the heater 11 and the pipeline; the two oxygen sensor interfaces are respectively the first oxygen sensor interface 3 and the second oxygen sensor interface 25; the two electric valves are respectively the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26;
所述氧控装置，沿驱动泵2的下游，在管道上通过法兰或焊接的方式依次连接有第一电动阀门7、质量交换器1、第一法兰24、热换器4、加热器11、第二电动阀门26，形成旁路系统；The oxygen control device, along the downstream of the driving pump 2, is sequentially connected with the first electric valve 7, the mass exchanger 1, the first flange 24, the heat exchanger 4, and the heater through flanges or welding on the pipeline. 11. The second electric valve 26 forms a bypass system;
在第一电动阀门7上游的管道上留有第一氧传感器接口3，在第二电动阀门26下游的管道上留有第二氧传感器接口25；第一氧传感器接口3和第二氧传感器接口25，用于在氧控装置的上游和下游安装氧传感器；A first oxygen sensor interface 3 is left on the pipeline upstream of the first electric valve 7, and a second oxygen sensor interface 25 is left on the pipeline downstream of the second electric valve 26; the first oxygen sensor interface 3 and the second oxygen sensor interface 25, for installing oxygen sensors upstream and downstream of the oxygen control device;
在质量交换器1上安装有螺旋冷却管8，螺旋冷却管8的上下游分别为螺旋冷却水出口10和螺旋冷却水入口9；A spiral cooling pipe 8 is installed on the mass exchanger 1, and the upstream and downstream of the spiral cooling pipe 8 are respectively a spiral cooling water outlet 10 and a spiral cooling water inlet 9;
在热换器4的上下游，分别设有换热器冷却水出口5和换热器冷却水入口6。Upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger 4, a heat exchanger cooling water outlet 5 and a heat exchanger cooling water inlet 6 are respectively provided.
所述的质量交换器1包括第二法兰12、空心管13、氧化铅颗粒容器14、固定滤网15、弹簧16、活动滤网17、电加热棒18、电加热棒保护罩19、螺母21和氧化铅颗粒组件22；The mass exchanger 1 includes a second flange 12, a hollow tube 13, a lead oxide particle container 14, a fixed filter screen 15, a spring 16, a movable filter screen 17, an electric heating rod 18, an electric heating rod protection cover 19, a nut 21 and lead oxide particle assembly 22;
将第二法兰12与空心管13的一端进行焊接，使空心管13与第二法兰12中间的孔对接完好，然后将固定滤网15焊接在空心管13上；The second flange 12 is welded to one end of the hollow pipe 13, so that the hole in the middle of the hollow pipe 13 and the second flange 12 is docked intact, and then the fixed filter screen 15 is welded on the hollow pipe 13;
将电加热棒18的电源线，穿过空心管13并通过第二法兰12中间的孔引出，并将电加热棒18与空心管13的另一端进行焊接，这里的焊接要保证密封性，不能存在焊缝，以免液态铅或液态铅铋合金流入到空心管浸泡电加热棒18的电源线；然后再将电加热棒保护罩19的与螺纹相对的一端与电加热棒18靠近第二法兰12的一端进行焊接；Pass the power line of the electric heating rod 18 through the hollow tube 13 and lead it out through the hole in the middle of the second flange 12, and weld the electric heating rod 18 and the other end of the hollow tube 13. The welding here should ensure the tightness. Can not exist welding seam, in order to avoid liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy to flow into the power line of hollow tube immersion electric heating rod 18; One end of the blue 12 is welded;
在电加热棒保护罩19上依次套上弹簧16、活动滤网17和氧化铅颗粒组件22，氧化铅颗粒组件的个数由电加热棒保护罩19的长度与氧化铅颗粒组件22的尺寸决定，弹簧16的外径尺寸与固定滤网15和活动滤网17的外径尺寸相同，使弹簧16的一端被固定滤网15挡住，另一端与活动滤网17接触；最后再将氧化铅颗粒容器14罩在电加热棒保护罩19的外侧，并将电加热棒保护罩19的螺纹端穿过氧化铅颗粒容器14底部的中心孔，最后将电加热保护罩19的螺纹端与螺母21通过螺纹进行拧紧固定；弹簧16保证了氧化铅颗粒14内部体积变化(主要是氧化铅颗粒组件22中的氧化铅颗粒20的溶解与析出引起的)时，上述的装置仍然处于压紧状态。Put the spring 16, the movable filter screen 17 and the lead oxide particle assembly 22 on the electric heating rod protective cover 19 in sequence, and the number of the lead oxide particle assemblies is determined by the length of the electric heating rod protective cover 19 and the size of the lead oxide particle assembly 22 , the outer diameter of the spring 16 is the same as the outer diameter of the fixed filter screen 15 and the movable filter screen 17, so that one end of the spring 16 is blocked by the fixed filter screen 15, and the other end is in contact with the movable filter screen 17; The container 14 is covered on the outside of the electric heating rod protective cover 19, and the threaded end of the electric heating rod protective cover 19 is passed through the central hole at the bottom of the lead oxide particle container 14, and finally the threaded end of the electric heating protective cover 19 and the nut 21 are passed through The screw thread is tightened and fixed; when the spring 16 ensures that the internal volume of the lead oxide particles 14 changes (mainly caused by the dissolution and precipitation of the lead oxide particles 20 in the lead oxide particle assembly 22), the above-mentioned device is still in a compressed state.
通过将第一法兰24与质量交换器1上的第二法兰12进行密封紧固，使质量交换器1固定在氧控装置上。The mass exchanger 1 is fixed on the oxygen control device by sealing and fastening the first flange 24 and the second flange 12 on the mass exchanger 1 .
所述的氧化铅颗粒组件22由环形铅网或环形铋网或环形铅铋合金网23和氧化铅颗粒20组成。The lead oxide particle assembly 22 is composed of an annular lead mesh or an annular bismuth mesh or an annular lead-bismuth alloy mesh 23 and lead oxide particles 20 .
所述的环形铅网或环形铋网或环形铅铋合金网23为一截面为“凹”字形的环形凹槽，凹槽内紧密排列有氧化铅颗粒20。The annular lead mesh or annular bismuth mesh or annular lead-bismuth alloy mesh 23 is an annular groove with a "concave" cross section, and lead oxide particles 20 are closely arranged in the groove.
所述的固定滤网15和活动滤网17均为环状平板，其上具设有直径为2mm的小孔。Described fixed filter screen 15 and movable filter screen 17 are ring-shaped flat plates, and tool is provided with the aperture that diameter is 2mm on it.
所述的氧化铅颗粒容器14的一端开口，另一端有底，底部中间开孔，能使电加热棒保护罩19的螺纹杆插入，底部四周设有直径为2mm的小孔，允许液态铅或液态铅铋合金通过。One end of the lead oxide particle container 14 is open, the other end has a bottom, and a hole is opened in the middle of the bottom, so that the threaded rod of the electric heating rod protection cover 19 can be inserted, and the bottom is surrounded by small holes with a diameter of 2mm, allowing liquid lead or Liquid lead-bismuth alloy passes through.
所述的氧控装置进行氧浓度控制的方法为：当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度低于预设氧浓度时，开启第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，启动氧控装置，一部分液态铅或液态铅铋合金进入旁路系统，并流经质量交换器1；开启电加热棒18，加速氧化铅颗粒20在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的溶解，使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度得以提升，氧浓度得到提升后的液态铅或液态铅铋合金返回到回路系统中，使回路系统中的氧浓度也随之提升；当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度达到预设氧浓度后，关闭第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，停止运行氧控装置；The oxygen concentration control method of the oxygen control device is: when the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system is lower than the preset oxygen concentration, open the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26, start Oxygen control device, a part of liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy enters the bypass system and flows through the mass exchanger 1; the electric heating rod 18 is turned on to accelerate the dissolution of lead oxide particles 20 in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy, so that the bypass system The oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the circuit system can be increased, and the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy after the oxygen concentration has been increased is returned to the circuit system, so that the oxygen concentration in the circuit system is also increased; when After the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy circuit system reaches the preset oxygen concentration, close the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26, and stop the operation of the oxygen control device;
当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度高于预设氧浓度时，开启第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，启动氧控装置，一部分液态铅或液态铅铋合金进入旁路系统，并流经质量交换器1；开启螺旋冷却水管8，降低氧在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的饱和浓度，使液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧，以氧化铅的形式析出在氧化铅颗粒20的附近或表面，进而使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度降低；含有较低氧浓度的液态铅或液态铅铋合金返回到回路系统中，使回路系统中的氧浓度也随之降低；当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度达降到预设氧浓度后，关闭第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，停止运行氧控装置。When the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system is higher than the preset oxygen concentration, the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26 are opened, the oxygen control device is started, and a part of liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy enters the bypass and flow through the mass exchanger 1; open the spiral cooling water pipe 8 to reduce the saturation concentration of oxygen in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy, so that the oxygen in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy is precipitated in the form of lead oxide Near or on the surface of the lead oxide particles 20, the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system is reduced; the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy containing a lower oxygen concentration is returned to the loop system, so that The oxygen concentration in the loop system also decreases thereupon; when the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system reaches the preset oxygen concentration, close the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26, and stop running the oxygen. control device.
当质量交换器1中内置的电加热棒18开启时，需要同时启动换热器4，使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度不至于过高，引起较大的热应力，损坏设备。When the built-in electric heating rod 18 in the mass exchanger 1 is turned on, it is necessary to start the heat exchanger 4 at the same time, so that the temperature of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system will not be too high, causing greater thermal stress, damage the equipment.
当开启螺旋冷却水管8时，需要同时启动加热器11，补偿由于冷却造成的旁路系统中液态铅或液态铅铋合金温度的变化。When the spiral cooling water pipe 8 is opened, the heater 11 needs to be started at the same time to compensate the temperature change of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system due to cooling.
本发明的有益效果为：所述氧控装置通过螺旋冷却水管8和电加热棒18，调节液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度，控制固态氧化铅在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的溶解和析出，进而调节液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度。所述氧控装置基于固态氧浓度控制技术，相比于传统的气态氧浓度控制方式，该装置具有高效、快速、清洁的特点；相比于以往的固态氧浓度控制方式，具有灵活操作方案、易于加工和组装的特点。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the oxygen control device adjusts the temperature of the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy through the spiral cooling water pipe 8 and the electric heating rod 18, and controls the dissolution of the solid lead oxide in the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy. Precipitation, and then adjust the oxygen concentration in liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy. The oxygen control device is based on the solid oxygen concentration control technology. Compared with the traditional gaseous oxygen concentration control method, the device has the characteristics of high efficiency, fast and clean; compared with the previous solid oxygen concentration control method, it has flexible operation scheme, Features of easy processing and assembly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1本发明所述氧控装置的原理图；加热时：温度T2>T1，氧浓度CO3>CO2>CO1；冷却时：温度T2<T1，氧浓度CO3<CO2<CO1。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the oxygen control device of the present invention; when heating: temperature T 2 >T 1 , oxygen concentration C O3 >C O2 >C O1 ; when cooling: temperature T 2 <T 1 , oxygen concentration C O3 <C O2 < C O1 .
图2本发明所述的氧控装置图。Fig. 2 is a diagram of the oxygen control device of the present invention.
图3质量交换器结构示意图。Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of mass exchanger structure.
图4质量交换器分解示意图。Figure 4. Exploded schematic diagram of the mass exchanger.
图5氧化铅颗粒容器剖视图。Fig. 5 Cutaway view of lead oxide particle container.
图6电加热棒保护罩剖视图。Figure 6 is a sectional view of the protective cover of the electric heating rod.
图7氧化铅颗粒组件结构示意图。Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lead oxide particle assembly.
图中标号分别为：1-质量交换器；2-驱动泵；3-第一氧传感器接口；4-换热器；5-换热器冷却水出口；6-换热器冷却水入口；7-第一电动阀门；8-螺旋冷却水管；9-螺旋冷却水管入口；10-螺旋冷却水管出口；11-加热器；12-第二法兰；13-空心管；14-氧化铅颗粒容器；15-固定滤网；16-弹簧；17-活动滤网；18-电加热棒；19-电加热棒保护罩；20-氧化铅颗粒；21-螺母；22-氧化铅颗粒组件；23-环形铅网或环形铋网或环形铅铋合金网；24-第一法兰；25-第二氧传感器接口；26-第二电动阀门。The labels in the figure are: 1-mass exchanger; 2-drive pump; 3-first oxygen sensor interface; 4-heat exchanger; 5-cooling water outlet of heat exchanger; 6-cooling water inlet of heat exchanger; 7 - the first electric valve; 8 - the spiral cooling water pipe; 9 - the inlet of the spiral cooling water pipe; 10 - the outlet of the spiral cooling water pipe; 11 - the heater; 12 - the second flange; 13 - the hollow pipe; 14 - the lead oxide particle container; 15-fixed filter screen; 16-spring; 17-movable filter screen; 18-electric heating rod; 19-electric heating rod protection cover; 20-lead oxide particles; 21-nut; 22-lead oxide particle components; Lead mesh or ring-shaped bismuth mesh or ring-shaped lead-bismuth alloy mesh; 24-the first flange; 25-the second oxygen sensor interface; 26-the second electric valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
1氧控装置的设计1 Design of oxygen control device
将氧控装置设计成旁路系统，使得在液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统运行时，能够安装和拆卸质量交换器1，而不需要将回路系统停止下来；同时可以在需要调控回路系统中液态铅或液态铅铋合金时，通过打开第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，启用氧控装置；不需要调控氧浓度时，关闭第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，将氧控装置隔离。The oxygen control device is designed as a bypass system, so that when the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system is running, the mass exchanger 1 can be installed and removed without stopping the loop system; When liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy is used, the oxygen control device is enabled by opening the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26; control device isolation.
旁路系统的安装位置与驱动泵2并列，液态铅或液态铅铋合金由驱动泵2的下游进入旁路系统，从驱动泵2的上游返回到回路系统。The installation position of the bypass system is parallel to the driving pump 2, and the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy enters the bypass system from the downstream of the driving pump 2, and returns to the loop system from the upstream of the driving pump 2.
所述的氧控装置包括：驱动泵2、两个氧传感器接口、两个电动阀门、质量交换器1、螺旋冷却水管8、第一法兰24、换热器4、加热器11以及管道；两个氧传感器接口分别为第一氧传感器接口3和第二氧传感器接口25；两个电动阀门分别为第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26；The oxygen control device includes: a driving pump 2, two oxygen sensor interfaces, two electric valves, a mass exchanger 1, a spiral cooling water pipe 8, a first flange 24, a heat exchanger 4, a heater 11 and pipelines; The two oxygen sensor interfaces are respectively the first oxygen sensor interface 3 and the second oxygen sensor interface 25; the two electric valves are respectively the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26;
所述氧控装置，沿驱动泵2的下游，在管道上通过法兰或焊接的方式依次连接有第一电动阀门7、质量交换器1、第一法兰24、热换器4、加热器11、第二电动阀门26，形成旁路系统；The oxygen control device, along the downstream of the driving pump 2, is sequentially connected with the first electric valve 7, the mass exchanger 1, the first flange 24, the heat exchanger 4, and the heater through flanges or welding on the pipeline. 11. The second electric valve 26 forms a bypass system;
在第一电动阀门7上游的管道上留有第一氧传感器接口3，在第二电动阀门26下游的管道上留有第二氧传感器接口25；第一氧传感器接口3和第二氧传感器接口25用于在氧控装置的上游和下游安装氧传感器；A first oxygen sensor interface 3 is left on the pipeline upstream of the first electric valve 7, and a second oxygen sensor interface 25 is left on the pipeline downstream of the second electric valve 26; the first oxygen sensor interface 3 and the second oxygen sensor interface 25 is used to install oxygen sensors upstream and downstream of the oxygen control device;
在质量交换器1上安装有螺旋冷却管8，螺旋冷却管8的上下游分别为螺旋冷却水出口10和螺旋冷却水入口9；A spiral cooling pipe 8 is installed on the mass exchanger 1, and the upstream and downstream of the spiral cooling pipe 8 are respectively a spiral cooling water outlet 10 and a spiral cooling water inlet 9;
在热换器4的上下游，分别设有换热器冷却水出口5和换热器冷却水入口6。Upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger 4, a heat exchanger cooling water outlet 5 and a heat exchanger cooling water inlet 6 are respectively provided.
其中，质量交换器1：提供物质交换介质，内置的氧化铅颗粒20可以与流经其表面的液态铅或液态铅铋合金之间进行物质交换；驱动泵2：本身是液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统的动力源，这里用来同时为氧控装置提供动力，不需要额外为氧控装置设计动力源；第一氧传感器接口3和第二氧传感器接口25：可分别在氧控装置的上游和下游安装氧传感器，实时监视流入和流出氧控装置的液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度；换热器4：当质量交换器1中内置的电加热棒18开启时，需要同时启动换热器4，将液态铅或液态铅铋合金适当降温，避免液态铅或液态铅铋合金进入回路系统时与回路中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金温差过大，产生较大的热应力；第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26：控制氧控装置是否启用和旁路系统中液态铅或液态铅铋合金流量大小，必要情况下，可使氧控装置与液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统隔离；螺旋冷却水管8，开启时可降低流经质量交换器的液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度，从而降低氧在其中的饱和浓度；若氧浓度较高，可使液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧，以氧化铅的形式析出，从而降低液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度；加热器11：配合螺旋冷却水管8使用，补偿由于冷却造成的旁路系统中液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度变化。Among them, mass exchanger 1: provides a material exchange medium, and the built-in lead oxide particles 20 can perform material exchange with liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flowing through its surface; drive pump 2: itself is liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy The power source of the alloy circuit system is used here to provide power for the oxygen control device at the same time, and there is no need to design an additional power source for the oxygen control device; the first oxygen sensor interface 3 and the second oxygen sensor interface 25: can be connected to the oxygen control device respectively Oxygen sensors are installed upstream and downstream to monitor in real time the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flowing into and out of the oxygen control device; heat exchanger 4: when the electric heating rod 18 built in the mass exchanger 1 is turned on, it needs to Start the heat exchanger 4 to properly cool down the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy to avoid excessive temperature difference between the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy entering the circuit system and the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the circuit, resulting in large thermal stress ; The first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26: control whether the oxygen control device is enabled and the flow size of liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system, if necessary, the oxygen control device can be connected with liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth The alloy circuit system is isolated; the spiral cooling water pipe 8 can reduce the temperature of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flowing through the mass exchanger when it is opened, thereby reducing the saturation concentration of oxygen in it; if the oxygen concentration is high, it can make the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy The oxygen in the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is precipitated in the form of lead oxide, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy; heater 11: used in conjunction with the spiral cooling water pipe 8, to compensate for the liquid in the bypass system caused by cooling Temperature variation of lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloys.
当启用质量交换器1中内置的电加热棒18时，需要配合换热器4使用，避免流入回路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度过高，并且不能够与螺旋冷却水管8或加热器11同时使用；当启用螺旋冷却水管8时，需要配合加热器11使用，避免流入回路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度过低，并且不能够与电加热棒18或换热器4同时使用。When the built-in electric heating rod 18 in the mass exchanger 1 is enabled, it needs to be used in conjunction with the heat exchanger 4 to avoid excessive temperature of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flowing into the loop system, and cannot be combined with the spiral cooling water pipe 8 or The heater 11 is used at the same time; when the spiral cooling water pipe 8 is enabled, it needs to be used in conjunction with the heater 11 to avoid the temperature of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flowing into the loop system from being too low, and it cannot exchange heat with the electric heating rod 18 or Device 4 is used simultaneously.
2质量交换器的设计2 Design of the mass exchanger
质量交换器1是氧控装置的核心部分。其主要的作用是包容固态氧化铅颗粒，形成一个由氧化铅颗粒组成的多孔介质，保证一定流量的液态铅或液态铅铋合金从中流过，并与氧化铅颗粒表面发生物质交换(溶解或者析出)，从而增加或减少液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度。The mass exchanger 1 is the core part of the oxygen control device. Its main function is to contain solid lead oxide particles, form a porous medium composed of lead oxide particles, ensure a certain flow rate of liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy to flow through it, and exchange materials with the surface of lead oxide particles (dissolve or precipitate ), thereby increasing or decreasing the oxygen concentration in liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy.
所述的质量交换器1包括第二法兰12、空心管13、氧化铅颗粒容器14、固定滤网15、弹簧16、活动滤网17、电加热棒18、电加热棒保护罩19、螺母21、氧化铅颗粒组件22；氧化铅颗粒组件22由环形铅网或环形铋网或环形铅铋合金网23和氧化铅颗粒20组成，所述的环形铅网或环形铋网或环形铅铋合金网23为一截面为“凹”字形的环形凹槽，凹槽内紧密排列有氧化铅颗粒20；The mass exchanger 1 includes a second flange 12, a hollow tube 13, a lead oxide particle container 14, a fixed filter screen 15, a spring 16, a movable filter screen 17, an electric heating rod 18, an electric heating rod protection cover 19, a nut 21. Lead oxide particle assembly 22; the lead oxide particle assembly 22 is composed of an annular lead mesh or an annular bismuth mesh or an annular lead-bismuth alloy mesh 23 and lead oxide particles 20, the annular lead mesh or an annular bismuth mesh or an annular lead-bismuth alloy The net 23 is an annular groove with a "concave" cross section, and lead oxide particles 20 are closely arranged in the groove;
将第二法兰12与空心管13的一端进行焊接，使空心管13与第二法兰12中间的孔对接完好，然后将固定滤网15焊接在空心管13上；The second flange 12 is welded to one end of the hollow pipe 13, so that the hole in the middle of the hollow pipe 13 and the second flange 12 is docked intact, and then the fixed filter screen 15 is welded on the hollow pipe 13;
将电加热棒18的电源线，穿过空心管13并通过第二法兰12中间的孔引出，并将电加热棒18与空心管13的另一端进行焊接，这里的焊接要保证密封性，不能存在焊缝，以免液态铅或液态铅铋合金流入空心管13浸泡电加热棒18的电源线；然后再将电加热棒保护罩19的A端与电加热棒18进行焊接；Pass the power line of the electric heating rod 18 through the hollow tube 13 and lead it out through the hole in the middle of the second flange 12, and weld the electric heating rod 18 and the other end of the hollow tube 13. The welding here should ensure the tightness. Can not exist welding seam, lest liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy flow into hollow tube 13 and soak the power line of electric heating rod 18; Then A end of electric heating rod protective cover 19 is welded with electric heating rod 18;
在电加热棒保护罩19上依次套上弹簧16、活动滤网17和若干氧化铅颗粒组件22，弹簧16的外径尺寸与固定滤网15和活动滤网17的外径尺寸相同，使弹簧16的一端被固定滤网15挡住，另一端与活动滤网17接触；最后再将氧化铅颗粒容器14罩在电加热棒保护罩19的外侧，并将电加热棒保护罩19的B端穿过氧化铅颗粒容器14B端的中心孔，最后将电加热保护罩19B端与螺母21通过螺纹进行拧紧固定。表1为质量交换器1中各部件的特点和作用。Put spring 16, movable filter screen 17 and some lead oxide particle assemblies 22 on electric heating rod protective cover 19 successively, the external diameter dimension of spring 16 is identical with the external diameter dimension of fixed filter screen 15 and movable filter screen 17, makes spring One end of 16 is blocked by the fixed filter screen 15, and the other end is in contact with the movable filter screen 17; finally the lead oxide particle container 14 is covered on the outside of the electric heating rod protective cover 19, and the B end of the electric heating rod protective cover 19 is worn through The central hole of the lead peroxide particle container 14B end is finally tightened and fixed by the electric heating protection cover 19B end and the nut 21 by threads. Table 1 shows the characteristics and functions of each component in the mass exchanger 1.
表1：质量交换器1中各部件的特点和作用Table 1: Features and functions of each component in mass exchanger 1
3利用氧控装置的进行氧浓度控制的方法3 Method of oxygen concentration control using an oxygen control device
(1)当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度低于预设氧浓度时，开启第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，启动氧控装置，一部分液态铅或液态铅铋进入旁路系统，并流经质量交换器1，开启电加热棒18，加速氧化铅颗粒20在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的溶解，使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度得以提升，氧浓度得到提升后的液态铅或液态铅铋合金返回到回路系统中，使回路系统的中的氧浓度也随之提升；在这个过程中需要与换热器4配合使用，使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度不至于过高，引起较大的热应力，损坏设备；当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度达到预设氧浓度后，关闭第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，停止运行氧控装置；(1) When the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy circuit system is lower than the preset oxygen concentration, open the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26, start the oxygen control device, and a part of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth Enter the bypass system, and flow through the mass exchanger 1, turn on the electric heating rod 18, accelerate the dissolution of the lead oxide particles 20 in the liquid lead or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and make the liquid lead in the bypass system or the liquid lead-bismuth alloy The oxygen concentration in the loop system can be increased, and the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy after the oxygen concentration has been increased is returned to the loop system, so that the oxygen concentration in the loop system is also increased; in this process, it needs to be used in conjunction with the heat exchanger 4 , so that the temperature of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system will not be too high, causing greater thermal stress and damaging the equipment; when the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system reaches the preset oxygen concentration After that, close the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26, and stop running the oxygen control device;
当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度高于预设氧浓度时，开启第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，启动氧控装置，一部分液态铅或液态铅铋合金进入旁路系统，并流经质量交换器1，开启螺旋冷却水管8，降低氧在液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的饱和浓度，使液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧，以氧化铅的形式析出在氧化铅颗粒20的附近或表面，进而使旁路系统中的液态铅或液态铅铋合金中的氧浓度降低；含有较低氧浓度的液态铅或液态铅铋合金返回到回路系统中，使回路系统中的氧浓度也随之降低；此过程需要配合螺旋冷却水管8使用，补偿由于冷却造成的旁路系统中液态铅或液态铅铋合金的温度变化。当液态铅或液态铅铋合金回路系统中的氧浓度达降到预设氧浓度后，关闭第一电动阀门7和第二电动阀门26，停止运行氧控装置。When the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system is higher than the preset oxygen concentration, the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26 are opened, the oxygen control device is started, and a part of liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy enters the bypass and flow through the mass exchanger 1, open the spiral cooling water pipe 8, reduce the saturation concentration of oxygen in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and make the oxygen in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy precipitate out in the form of lead oxide Near or on the surface of the lead oxide particles 20, the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system is reduced; the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy containing a lower oxygen concentration is returned to the loop system, so that The oxygen concentration in the loop system is also reduced accordingly; this process needs to be used in conjunction with the spiral cooling water pipe 8 to compensate for the temperature change of the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the bypass system caused by cooling. When the oxygen concentration in the liquid lead or liquid lead-bismuth alloy loop system reaches the preset oxygen concentration, the first electric valve 7 and the second electric valve 26 are closed, and the oxygen control device is stopped.
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