CN114864120A - Oxygen content adjusting module and reaction system - Google Patents
Oxygen content adjusting module and reaction system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114864120A CN114864120A CN202210453884.0A CN202210453884A CN114864120A CN 114864120 A CN114864120 A CN 114864120A CN 202210453884 A CN202210453884 A CN 202210453884A CN 114864120 A CN114864120 A CN 114864120A
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005658 nuclear physics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/28—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core
- G21C19/30—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps
- G21C19/307—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps specially adapted for liquids
- G21C19/31—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps specially adapted for liquids for molten metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses oxygen content adjusting module and reaction system, and relates to the technical field of nuclear engineering and nuclear, the oxygen content adjusting module can be installed on a lead bismuth alloy loop test device, the control and the adjustment of the dissolved oxygen content of a lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy loop test device can be passively carried out, and the oxygen content adjusting module has the characteristics of safety, reliability and stability. The oxygen content control module comprises a branch pipeline, a high-pressure part and a low-pressure part, wherein the branch pipeline is used for being communicated with a main lead bismuth alloy loop pipeline, the low-pressure part and the high-pressure part are arranged on the branch pipeline, at least one part of lead bismuth alloy in the main lead bismuth alloy loop pipeline flows to the low-pressure part from the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and the diameter of the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline is smaller than that of the high-pressure part; one end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, the other end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and an oxygen control reaction part is arranged in the oxygen control pipeline. The oxygen content adjusting module adjusts the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy loop test device.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to, but not limited to, the field of nuclear engineering and nuclear technology, and more particularly, to an oxygen content regulating module and a reaction system.
Background
Lead Bismuth Alloy (LBA) is low melting point, high boiling point Alloy, has excellent nuclear physics and thermal property, and chemical inertness is excellent fast neutron reactor coolant, but Lead Bismuth Alloy has stronger corrosivity to reactor structural material under high temperature, in order to research Lead Bismuth reactor material's compatibility, key scientific and technical problems such as equipment and system safety, Lead Bismuth Alloy return circuit testing arrangement is its indispensable platform, and similarly, Lead Bismuth Alloy can seriously threaten Lead Bismuth test loop arrangement's safe operation to structural material's corruption.
In the related technology, the regulation and control of the dissolved oxygen content of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth test loop device depend on the action of external force, such as a driving pump and the like, when the external force fails or the power is insufficient, the corrosivity of the lead-bismuth alloy on structural materials still exists, and the safe operation of the lead-bismuth loop device is influenced.
Therefore, the application provides an oxygen content adjusting module and a reaction system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an oxygen content adjusting module and a reaction system, passively controls and adjusts the dissolved oxygen content of a lead bismuth alloy in a lead bismuth test loop device, and has the characteristics of safety, reliability and stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an oxygen content adjusting module, including a branch pipeline and an oxygen control pipeline, where the branch pipeline is used for communicating with a main pipeline of a lead-bismuth alloy loop, the branch pipeline is provided with a low-pressure portion and a high-pressure portion, at least a part of lead-bismuth alloy in the main pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy loop flows from the high-pressure portion to the low-pressure portion of the branch pipeline, and the diameter of the low-pressure portion of the branch pipeline is smaller than that of the high-pressure portion of the branch pipeline; one end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, the other end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and an oxygen control reaction part is arranged in the oxygen control pipeline.
The oxygen content adjusting module provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a branch pipeline and an oxygen control pipeline, wherein the branch pipeline is communicated with a main pipeline of a lead-bismuth alloy loop, at least one part of lead-bismuth alloy in the main pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy loop can flow into the branch pipeline, a low-pressure part and a high-pressure part are arranged in the branch pipeline, the diameter of the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline is smaller than that of the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, in fluid mechanics, under the condition of the same flow rate, the flow speed of a place with a small cross-sectional area is fast, the low-pressure part is formed at a place with a fast flow speed, the flow speed of a place with a large cross-sectional area is slow, the high-pressure part is formed at a place with a slow flow speed, one end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and the other end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline, therefore, pressure difference is formed at two ends of the oxygen control pipeline, under the effect of no external force, the high lead-bismuth alloy part of the branch pipeline flows to the other end of the oxygen control pipeline, and then flows to the low pressure part of the branch pipeline, under the action of the lead bismuth alloy in the main pipeline of the lead bismuth alloy loop, the lead bismuth alloy flows from the low pressure part to the high pressure part from the branch pipeline, an oxygen control reaction part is arranged in the oxygen control pipeline, the corrosivity of the lead bismuth alloy to the structural material can be relieved and inhibited, the lead bismuth alloy can react with the oxygen control reaction part to control the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy in a specific interval, the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy can be ensured to be in a non-saturated state, the lead oxide is ensured not to be precipitated at cold points in a lead bismuth alloy loop test device, the pipeline is blocked, the safe operation is influenced, a compact oxide layer is formed on the surface of the structural material of the lead bismuth test loop, such as the pipeline, a valve, a heater, a heat exchanger and the like, the structural material is prevented from being dissolved and corroded by the lead bismuth alloy, compared with the mode of external force driving in the related technology, this application is through changing the structure in the branch road pipeline, forms high-pressure portion and low-pressure portion on the branch road pipeline, forms pressure differential, adjusts and controls the dissolved oxygen content of lead bismuth alloy under the effect of pressure differential. That is, the oxygen content adjusting module provided by the embodiment of the application passively performs control and adjustment of the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth test loop device, and has the characteristics of safety, reliability and stability.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the oxygen control reaction member is a plurality of oxygen control reaction members, and the plurality of oxygen control reaction members are uniformly distributed in the oxygen control pipeline.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided sets up a plurality of oxygen accuse reaction pieces in oxygen accuse pipeline, is favorable to oxygen accuse reaction piece and lead bismuth alloy's complete reaction, improves reaction rate.
In one possible implementation of the present application, a plurality of oxygen control reaction members are fixed in the oxygen control conduit through a grid plate.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided passes through the grid tray with a plurality of oxygen accuse reaction pieces and fixes in oxygen accuse pipeline for oxygen accuse reaction piece can be even arrange in oxygen accuse reaction intracavity, can flow smoothly in the clearance of oxygen accuse reaction piece after the reaction is accomplished with oxygen accuse reaction piece to lead bismuth alloy, has accelerated the speed that the lead bismuth alloy after the reaction flows out, and is provided with the clearance between a plurality of oxygen accuse reaction pieces, and lead bismuth alloy is whole to be filled and is established in the clearance of oxygen accuse reaction piece, with the equal contact reaction in oxygen accuse reaction piece surface, improved the reaction rate of lead bismuth alloy and oxygen accuse reaction piece.
In a possible implementation manner of the present application, the outer wall of the oxygen control pipeline corresponding to the oxygen control reaction member is provided with a heating member for adjusting the reaction temperature of the oxygen control reaction member and the lead-bismuth alloy.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided, the reaction rate of lead bismuth alloy and oxygen accuse reaction piece has been decided to the temperature in chemical reaction, consequently, is provided with the heating member on lieing in the outer wall that oxygen accuse reaction piece corresponds oxygen accuse pipeline, and the temperature of heating member can be adjusted wantonly, adjusts the temperature of its heating member according to the change of dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the heating member is a heating wire, and the heating wire is wound on the outer wall of the oxygen control pipeline corresponding to the oxygen control reaction member; or; the heating piece is a heating rod, and the heating rod is inserted into the oxygen control reaction piece.
According to the oxygen content adjusting module provided by the embodiment of the application, the heating wire or the heating rod has the advantages of high service temperature, long service life, high surface load, good oxidation resistance, high resistivity, low cost and the like, if the heating element is selected as the heating wire, the heating wire can be wound on the outer wall of the oxygen control pipeline corresponding to the oxygen control reaction element; if a heating rod is selected, the heating rod can be inserted into the oxygen control reaction part.
In a possible implementation manner of the present application, a throttling element is disposed on one side of the oxygen control pipeline communicated with the low pressure portion of the branch pipeline, and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the lead bismuth alloy in the oxygen control pipeline entering the low pressure portion.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided is provided with the throttling element in one side that oxygen accuse pipeline and branch road pipeline's low pressure portion communicate, and user or operating personnel can regulate and control the throttling element according to the change of dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy in the branch road pipeline, ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy in the branch road pipeline is located a specific interval.
In one possible implementation of the present application, the throttling element is a lead bismuth alloy bellows seal regulating valve.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided, lead bismuth alloy bellows seal governing valve are the finished product, but direct mount is close to the one end of branch road pipeline low-pressure portion on oxygen accuse pipeline, convenient operation.
In one possible implementation of the present application, the system includes an electrochemical oxygen sensor, and the electrochemical oxygen sensor is disposed in the branch pipeline and is configured to monitor the oxygen content in the branch pipeline in real time.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided sets up electrochemistry type oxygen sensor in the branch road pipeline, can the dissolved oxygen content of the interior lead bismuth alloy of real-time supervision branch road pipeline, and the operating personnel of being convenient for carries out real-time adjustment to it according to the data that electrochemistry type oxygen sensor monitored.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the control unit is included, the control unit is electrically connected to the electrochemical oxygen sensor, and the control unit adjusts the oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the branch pipeline according to the oxygen content in the branch pipeline monitored by the electrochemical oxygen sensor.
The oxygen content adjusting module that this application embodiment provided, oxygen content adjusting module can also include the control unit, the control unit can be connected with electrochemistry type oxygen sensor electricity, the control unit can be adjusted it according to the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy in the branch road pipeline that electrochemistry type oxygen sensor monitored, the dissolved oxygen content of lead bismuth alloy reaches the standard in the branch road pipeline, the adjustable throttling element of control module, close or the velocity of flow through oxygen accuse pipeline of adjusting down, or adjust the heating member, the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy in the assurance branch road pipeline is located a specific interval, guarantee the stable safe operation of lead bismuth return circuit test device.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a reaction system, including a main pipe of a lead bismuth alloy loop, where the lead bismuth alloy flows in the main pipe of the lead bismuth alloy loop in a circulating manner, and the oxygen content adjusting module provided in the embodiment of the first aspect, and a branch pipe of the oxygen content adjusting module is communicated with the main pipe of the lead bismuth alloy loop, and is used for adjusting the oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the main pipe of the lead bismuth alloy loop.
The reaction system provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the oxygen content adjusting module provided by any one of the first aspect, so that the reaction system has the same technical effect, namely, the reaction system passively controls and adjusts the dissolved oxygen content of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth test loop device, and has the characteristics of safety, reliability and stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an oxygen content adjusting module provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is an electrical connection diagram of an oxygen content adjusting module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Reference numerals
1-a branch pipeline; 11-low pressure part; 12-high pressure part; 2-an oxygen control pipeline; 21-an oxygen-controlled reaction member; 22-a grid; 23-a heating element; 24-a throttle; 3-lead bismuth alloy loop main pipeline; 4-lead bismuth alloy.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, technical features in examples and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the detailed description in the specific embodiment should be understood as an explanation of the gist of the present application and should not be construed as an improper limitation to the present application.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, specific technical solutions of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", and "right" are defined with respect to the schematically-placed orientation of components in the drawings, and it is to be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, which are used for descriptive and clarifying purposes, and may be changed accordingly according to changes in the orientation in which the components are placed in the drawings.
In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be understood broadly, for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate.
In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g.," is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.
The liquid metal coolant is a cooling medium composed of low-melting-point alkali metals (such as Na, K and Li) and low-melting-point alloys (such as Pb-Bi), and has the characteristics of specific heat capacity, heat conductivity, low melting point and high boiling point. The method is mainly applied to the fields of nuclear reactor cooling, computer chip heat dissipation and the like.
The sodium-potassium alloy is used as a heat exchange medium in a fast neutron nuclear reactor, the melting point of the sodium-potassium alloy is 97.8 ℃, liquid sodium has extremely high thermal conductivity, for example, the thermal conductivity at 100 ℃ is 86.9W/m.K, and the thermal conductivity of liquid potassium is slightly lower than that of liquid sodium. The liquid sodium and the liquid potassium can be mixed and dissolved in any ratio, the melting point of the eutectic NaK alloy is-12.65 +/-0.01 ℃, and the sodium, potassium or sodium-potassium alloy has active chemical properties, can be quickly oxidized in the air and can be violently combusted in water. Due to safety factors, the heat exchanger is not applied to a non-closed space, and has the main advantages of good heat exchange performance and low price.
Gallium in the gallium-indium alloy is soft silver-white metal, the melting point of the gallium-indium alloy is very low and is only 29.77 degrees under the atmospheric environment, and the thermal conductivity coefficient at the melting point is 29.4W/m.K, which is far higher than that of air and water. These thermal characteristics indicate that gallium is very suitable as a cooling medium for heat dissipation of chips, and the mature liquid metal gallium cooling technology adopts gallium-indium alloy as the cooling medium in the computer radiator.
Liquid lead-magnesium alloy has become one of the main candidates for accelerator-driven subcritical reactor coolant and spallation. Its advantages include: 1. the neutron performance is good, and the neutron flux density higher than that of a solid tungsten target can be obtained under the same proton beam power; 2. the melting point of the lead-secret alloy eutectic is low, only 125.5 ℃, and a target system can operate at low temperature and low pressure, so that the implementation difficulty of reactor and target design and potential safety hazards caused by high-temperature and high-pressure operation are reduced; 3. the heat conduction performance is excellent, the heat carrying capacity is strong, and the heat transfer is rapid; 4. under the operating temperature of the reactor, the saturated vapor pressure of the lead alloy is low, so that the system control and maintenance problems caused by evaporation and deposition of lead can be reduced; 5. neutron irradiation damage is small; 6. the lead alloy is chemically inert to air and water under the operation condition of the reactor, so that violent reaction can not occur, and the possibility of chemical fire and explosion caused by leakage of the coolant can be greatly reduced.
However, the lead bismuth alloy has strong corrosivity to the reactor structural material at high temperature, the corrosion of the lead bismuth alloy to the structural material can seriously threaten the safe operation of a reactor device, and in order to research and solve the key scientific and technical problems of compatibility of the lead bismuth reactor material, equipment and system safety and the like, the lead bismuth alloy loop test device is a necessary platform for solving the key scientific and technical problems.
Similarly, the corrosion of the lead bismuth alloy to the structural material also seriously threatens the safe operation of the lead bismuth alloy loop test device, in order to relieve and inhibit the corrosion of the lead bismuth alloy to the structural material, the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy must be controlled in a specific interval, and currently, research shows that the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy loop test device is controlled to be 10 -7 ～5.0×10 -6 And in the range of wt.%, the safe operation of the lead-bismuth alloy test device can be ensured. The dissolved oxygen content in the lead-bismuth alloy is controlled in a specific interval, so that the dissolved oxygen content in the lead-bismuth alloy can be ensured to be in an unsaturated state, lead oxide is prevented from being cold-point precipitated in a lead-bismuth alloy loop test device, a pipeline is blocked, the safe operation of the lead-bismuth alloy loop test device is influenced, a compact oxide layer can be formed on the surface of a structural material of the lead-bismuth alloy test device, such as the materials of the pipeline, a valve, a heater, a heat exchanger and the like, and the structural material is prevented from being dissolved and corroded by the lead-bismuth alloy.
The embodiment of the application provides a reaction system, refer to fig. 1, including lead bismuth alloy return circuit trunk line 3, lead bismuth alloy 4 flows and oxygen content adjusting module in lead bismuth alloy return circuit trunk line 3 inner loop, and oxygen content adjusting module's branch pipeline 1 and lead bismuth alloy return circuit trunk line 3 intercommunication for adjust the oxygen content of lead bismuth alloy 4 in lead bismuth alloy return circuit trunk line 3.
It should be specifically noted that the reaction system may be a part of the lead bismuth alloy loop test device, and may also be the same as the lead bismuth alloy test device, when the main lead bismuth alloy loop line 3 is an isothermal lead bismuth loop, the oxygen content adjusting module may be installed at any position of the loop pipeline, and when the main lead bismuth alloy loop line 3 is a non-isothermal lead bismuth loop, the oxygen content adjusting module may be installed on the loop pipeline between the heater and the cooler, so the present application is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the oxygen content adjusting module includes a branch pipeline 1 and an oxygen control pipeline 2, the branch pipeline 1 is communicated with a main lead-bismuth alloy loop pipeline 3, at least a part of lead-bismuth alloy 4 in the main lead-bismuth alloy loop pipeline 3 can flow into the branch pipeline 1, a low pressure part 11 and a high pressure part 12 are arranged in the branch pipeline 1, the diameter of the low pressure part 11 is smaller than that of the high pressure part 12, in fluid mechanics, the flow rate is fast at a place with a small cross-sectional area and fast at a place with a large cross-sectional area, the flow rate is slow at a place with a large cross-sectional area and the high pressure part 12 is formed at a place with a slow flow rate, one end of the oxygen control pipeline 2 is communicated with the high pressure part 12, and the other end of the oxygen control pipeline 2 is communicated with the low pressure part 11, therefore, a pressure difference exists at two ends of the oxygen control pipeline 2, and the part of the lead-bismuth alloy 4 of the high pressure part 12 flows from one end of the oxygen control pipeline 2 to the other end of the oxygen control pipeline 2 without external force, and then flow to low splenium 11, under the effect of lead bismuth alloy 4 in lead bismuth alloy return circuit main pipe 3, lead bismuth alloy 4 flows to high splenium 12 from low splenium 11, set up oxygen accuse reaction 21 in oxygen accuse pipeline 2, can alleviate and restrain the corrosivity of lead bismuth alloy 4 to the structural material, lead bismuth alloy 4 can react with oxygen accuse reaction 21 and control the dissolved oxygen content in lead bismuth alloy 4 at a specific interval, guarantee lead bismuth alloy return circuit main pipe 3 safety, reliable and stable operation.
Wherein, the inner diameter of the main pipe 3 of the lead bismuth alloy loop can be 50mm, at this time, the diameter of the high pressure part 12 is the same as the diameter of the main pipe 3 of the lead bismuth alloy loop, the inner diameter of the low pressure part 11 in the branch pipe is 30mm, the inner diameter of the low pressure part 11 is generally 40-70% of the inner diameter of the main pipe 3 of the lead bismuth alloy loop, it needs to be supplemented to explain that the high pressure part 12 is the part outside the low pressure part 11 in the branch pipe, one end of the oxygen control pipe 2 is connected with the high pressure part 12, the other end is connected with the low pressure part 11, pressure difference is formed at two ends of the oxygen control pipeline 2, so that a part (7-15%) of the lead-bismuth alloy 4 in the branch pipeline 1 is guided from the high-pressure part 12 to enter the oxygen control pipeline 2 to react with an oxygen control reaction part 21 in the oxygen control pipeline 2, the content of dissolved oxygen in the lead-bismuth alloy 4 is adjusted, and then under the action of pressure difference, the low-pressure part 11, is pushed by the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the main lead bismuth alloy loop pipeline 3 to be conveyed to other parts of the pipeline.
For example, the oxygen-controlled reaction component 21 may be lead oxide (PbO), and the PbO is made into ceramic balls, and the PbO ceramic balls are core substances for controlling the dissolved oxygen content in the lead-bismuth alloy 4, and the specific making manner is as follows: firstly, high-purity PbO micro powder with the purity of 99.999 percent is taken as a raw material, secondly, the raw material is put into a rubber mould after granulation is finished, and a biscuit PbO ball is prefabricated by a cold isostatic pressing method, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of enabling the maximum pressure of cold isostatic pressing to be 250MPa and keeping the pressure for 3min, and obtaining the biscuit PbO ball with the diameter of 15 mm. And finally, firing the ceramic ball in an air atmosphere, wherein the maximum sintering temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
Further, the oxygen control reaction part 21 in the oxygen control pipeline 2 can be set to be a plurality of, the lead bismuth alloy 4 can react with the plurality of oxygen control reaction parts 21 in the oxygen control pipeline 2 simultaneously, the reaction rate of the oxygen control reaction part 21 and the lead bismuth alloy 4 is improved, the plurality of oxygen control reaction parts 21 are uniformly distributed in the oxygen control pipeline 2, the rapid outflow of the lead bismuth alloy 4 after the reaction with the oxygen control reaction part 21 is facilitated, and the time required by one-time circulation is shortened.
Furthermore, when the lead bismuth alloy 4 flows from the branch pipeline 1 to the oxygen control pipeline 2, due to the flow rate of the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the influence of the high pressure part 12 and the low pressure part 11 in the branch pipeline, the lead bismuth alloy 4 has a certain flow rate when passing through the oxygen control reaction part 21, which may disperse the original arrangement mode of the oxygen control reaction part 21, and is not beneficial to the rapid outflow of the lead bismuth alloy 4, and the time required by one cycle is increased, therefore, the grid plate 22 is arranged in the oxygen control pipeline 2, and it needs to be noted that the oxygen control pipeline 2 may be made of stainless steel. When the inner wall of pipeline is cylindrical, grid plate 22 can select for use circularly, cut apart grid plate 22 into the multilayer, and the grid on grid plate 22 can be triangle-shaped or for the quadrangle, also can be circular, and when the grid was triangle-shaped or quadrangle, its unilateral length was between (4 ~ 10) mm, and when the grid was circular, its diameter was also between (4 ~ 10) mm.
In some embodiments provided herein, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the temperature determines the reaction rate of the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the oxygen control reaction member 21 in the chemical reaction, so that the heating member 23 is disposed on the outer wall of the oxygen control reaction member 21 corresponding to the oxygen control pipeline 2, the temperature of the heating member 23 can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the temperature of the heating member 23 can be adjusted according to the change of the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy 4.
It should be added that the heating element 23 may be disposed on the outer wall of the oxygen control reaction element 21 corresponding to the oxygen control pipeline 2, or may be disposed on the oxygen control pipeline 2 with an automatic temperature adjustment function, and the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the oxygen control pipeline 2 may react with the oxygen control reaction element 21, or may automatically adjust the temperature of the oxygen control pipeline 2. When the heating member 23 is disposed on the outer wall of the oxygen control pipeline 2 corresponding to the oxygen control reaction member 21, the heating member 23 may be an electric heating rod or the like, or may be an air blower or the like, and when the heating member 23 is a heating rod, the heating rod may be embedded in the oxygen control pipeline, and for the heating mode of the heating member 23 and the installation mode between the heating member 23 and the oxygen control pipeline 2, the application is not limited, and it should be added that the highest heating temperature of the heating member 23 is not higher than 550 ℃.
By way of example, taking the heating wire as an example, because the heating wire has the advantages of high use temperature, long service life, high surface load, good oxidation resistance, high resistivity, low cost and the like, the heating member 23 is selected as the heating wire, and the heating wire can be wound on the outer wall of the oxygen control pipeline 2 corresponding to the oxygen control reaction member 21, so that the heating wire is not easy to fall off, and the operation is convenient and the practicability is strong. An electric heating rod may be installed on the outer wall of the oxygen control pipe 2 corresponding to the oxygen control reaction member 21.
In some other embodiments provided by the application, referring to fig. 2, a throttling element 24 is arranged on one side of the oxygen control pipeline 2 communicated with the low-pressure part 11, and a user or an operator can regulate and control the throttling element 24 according to the change of the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the branch pipeline 1, so that the dissolved oxygen content in the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the branch pipeline 1 is ensured to be located in a specific interval, the continuous passivation capability of the lead bismuth alloy 4 on the structural material is ensured, the dissolution corrosion speed of the structural material is relieved, and the safe operation of the lead bismuth test loop device is ensured.
Further, because the maximum heating temperature of the heating element 23 is not higher than 550 ℃, therefore, the throttling element 24 also needs to endure the corrosion of the lead bismuth alloy 4 at 550 ℃, therefore, the throttling element 24 can be selected as a lead bismuth alloy corrugated pipe sealing regulating valve, the regulating valve is convenient to purchase, and can be directly installed at one end of the oxygen control pipeline 2 close to the low-pressure part 11 in the branch pipeline, the installation is simple, the operation is convenient, the requirement of supplementary explanation is that, according to the scale of the lead bismuth loop test device, the throttling element 24 can be selected as a manual regulation mode or an electric regulation mode.
In some additional embodiments provided herein, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the oxygen content adjusting module further includes an electrochemical oxygen sensor, the electrochemical oxygen sensor can monitor the dissolved oxygen content of the lead-bismuth alloy 4 in the branch pipeline 1 in real time, so that an operator can adjust the dissolved oxygen content in real time according to data monitored by the electrochemical oxygen sensor, the electrochemical oxygen sensor may be a zirconium oxide sensor, and the type of the electrochemical oxygen sensor is not limited in this application.
Specifically, the electrochemical oxygen sensor may be disposed on the oxygen control pipe 2, and may be disposed in one or more than one, if it is required to monitor the dissolved oxygen content change after the reaction between the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the oxygen control reaction member 21, an electrochemical oxygen sensor may be disposed in the oxygen control pipe 2 before the reaction between the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the oxygen control reaction member 21, an electrochemical oxygen sensor may be disposed in the oxygen control pipe 2 after the reaction between the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the oxygen control reaction member 21, and the dissolved oxygen content change after the reaction between the lead bismuth alloy 4 and the oxygen control reaction member 21 may be monitored according to the dissolved oxygen content value of the lead bismuth alloy 4 measured by the electrochemical oxygen sensor twice.
It should be added that, the oxygen content adjusting module may further include a control unit, the control unit is electrically connected to the electrochemical oxygen sensor, the control unit may measure and monitor the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the main pipe of the lead bismuth circuit in real time according to the electrochemical oxygen sensor, convert the measured dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy 4 into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to the control unit, the control unit adjusts the temperature of the heating element 23 or adjusts the opening degree of the throttling element 24 according to the received electrical signal, and controls the oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy 4 in the main pipe of the lead bismuth circuit to be 10 -7 ～5.0×10 -6 The range of wt.% ensures 4 pairs of materials of the lead bismuth alloyThe continuous passivation ability of the material can relieve the dissolution corrosion ability of the structural material, and the safe, reliable and stable operation of the lead-bismuth alloy test loop device can be ensured.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An oxygen content regulating module, comprising:
the branch pipeline is used for being communicated with a main pipeline of a lead-bismuth alloy loop, a low-pressure part and a high-pressure part are arranged on the branch pipeline, at least one part of lead-bismuth alloy in the main pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy loop flows to the low-pressure part from the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and the diameter of the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline is smaller than that of the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline;
and one end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the high-pressure part of the branch pipeline, the other end of the oxygen control pipeline is communicated with the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and an oxygen control reaction part is arranged in the oxygen control pipeline.
2. The oxygen content regulating module of claim 1, wherein the oxygen control reaction member is a plurality of oxygen control reaction members uniformly distributed in the oxygen control pipe.
3. The oxygen content regulating module of claim 2, wherein a plurality of the oxygen control reaction members are secured within the oxygen control conduit by a grid.
4. The oxygen content adjusting module of claim 1, wherein a heating element is disposed on an outer wall of the oxygen control reaction member corresponding to the oxygen control pipeline for adjusting a reaction temperature of the oxygen control reaction member and the lead bismuth alloy.
5. The oxygen content adjusting module according to claim 4, wherein the heating element is a heating wire wound on an outer wall of the oxygen control reaction element corresponding to the oxygen control pipeline; or; the heating member is a heating rod, and the heating rod is inserted into the oxygen control reaction member.
6. The oxygen content adjusting module as claimed in claim 1, wherein a throttling element is arranged on one side of the oxygen control pipeline communicated with the low-pressure part of the branch pipeline, and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the lead-bismuth alloy in the oxygen control pipeline entering the low-pressure part.
7. The oxygen content regulating module of claim 6, wherein the orifice is a lead bismuth alloy bellows seal regulating valve.
8. The oxygen content regulating module according to claim 1, comprising an electrochemical oxygen sensor disposed in the branch conduit for real-time monitoring of the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the branch conduit.
9. The oxygen content adjusting module according to claim 8, comprising a control unit electrically connected to the electrochemical oxygen sensor, wherein the control unit adjusts the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the branch pipe according to the oxygen content in the branch pipe monitored by the electrochemical oxygen sensor.
10. A reaction system, comprising:
the lead bismuth alloy circulating system comprises a lead bismuth alloy loop main pipeline, a lead bismuth alloy circulating main pipeline and a lead bismuth alloy circulating main pipeline, wherein the lead bismuth alloy flows in the lead bismuth alloy loop main pipeline;
the oxygen content adjusting module of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the branch pipeline of the oxygen content adjusting module is communicated with the main lead bismuth alloy loop pipeline and is used for adjusting the dissolved oxygen content of the lead bismuth alloy in the main lead bismuth alloy loop pipeline.
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